Post on 16-Jan-2016
description
Linking physical habitatcharacteristics to Chinook spawning
distribution in the Yakima River
Jeremy Cram1, Christian Torgersen2, Ryan Klett1,
George Pess3, Andrew Dittman3, Darran May3
1. University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA2. U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Cascadia Field Station, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA3. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA
www.usgs.gov
Yakima River• Habitat degradation:
– Dams and irrigation canals– Bank armoring– High temperatures in downstream reaches– Invasive species
• Restoration action:– Supplementation in 1997– Acclimation facilities to extend spawning
distribution
Study Area
Objectives• Develop and evaluate extensive survey
methods for lotic habitat and fishes
• Relate physical habitat to spawning site selection and homing by wild- and hatchery-origin salmon
• Link community structure of resident fishes to habitats associated with salmon spawning distribution
Methods
• Extensive habitat and snorkel survey (2007)
• Intensive survey (2008)
• Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008)
• Depth and temperature profiling (2009)
• Channel type (1,2,3)• Unit type (PO,GP,GR, RI)• Channel width• Depth• Substrate• Cover• Wood• Fish abundance
125 m
140 km mainstem
20 km side channel
Survey summary
flow
Extensive survey September 2007
• Gradient• Temperature• Conductivity• Velocity
125 m
82 sites
.35 km2
Survey summary
flow
Intensive survey September – October 2008
• Surveys conducted by Yakama Nation and NOAA Fisheries
– GPS location– Origin (CWT)– Gender– Age class– Length
125 m
flow
2007 Redds
2002-2008 Redds
Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008)
• Near-bottom depth and temperature logged every 2 seconds
• Merged with GPS tracklog based on time stamp
125 m
flow
2009 (winter) – temperature and depth profiling
Preliminary results
• Extensive habitat and snorkel survey (2007)
• Intensive survey (2008)
• Carcass and redd surveys (2002 – 2008)
• Depth and temperature profiling (2009)
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
WILD_FEM (1km)0
510
1520
2530
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
WILD_FEM (2km)
05
1015
2025
30
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
WILD_FEM (4km)
05
1015
2025
301 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
HAT_FEM (1km)
05
1015
2025
30
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
HAT_FEM (2km)0
510
1520
2530
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
HAT_FEM (4km)
05
1015
2025
30
1 km
Distance upstream (km)
De
ns
ity
(h
atc
he
ry f
em
ale
ca
rca
ss
es
/km
)
D
en
sit
y (
wil
d f
em
ale
ca
rca
ss
es
/km
) 4 km2 km
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
SUM_REDDNU (1km)0
2040
6080
100
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
SUM_REDDNU (2km)
020
4060
8010
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
SUM_REDDNU (4km)
020
4060
8010
0
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
CHAN_TYPE.2 + CHAN_TYPE.3 (1km)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
CHAN_TYPE.2 + CHAN_TYPE.3 (2km)0.
00.
51.
01.
52.
02.
53.
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
CHAN_TYPE.2 + CHAN_TYPE.3 (4km)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
D
ensi
ty (
sid
e ch
ann
els/
km)
D
ensi
ty (
red
ds/
km)
Distance upstream (km)
1 km 2 km 4 km
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
PER_BOULDE + PER_FINES + PER_BEDROC (1km)
020
40
60
80
100
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
PER_BOULDE + PER_FINES + PER_BEDROC (2km)
020
40
60
80
100
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
PER_BOULDE + PER_FINES + PER_BEDROC (4km)
020
40
60
80
100
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
SUM_REDDNU (1km)0
20
40
60
80
100
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
SUM_REDDNU (2km)
020
40
60
80
100
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
SUM_REDDNU (4km)
020
40
60
80
100
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
PER_GRAVEL (1km)
02
04
06
08
01
00
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
PER_GRAVEL (2km)
02
04
06
08
01
00
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
PER_GRAVEL (4km)
02
04
06
08
01
00
Distance upstream (km)
% G
rave
l
%
Po
or
sub
stra
tes
Den
sity
(re
dd
s/km
) 1 km 2 km 4 km
Acclimation site
BoulderFinesBedrock
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
RTA (1km)
010
020
030
040
050
060
0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
RTA (2km)
010
020
030
040
050
060
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
RTA (4km)
010
020
030
040
050
060
0
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
SUM_REDDNU (1km)
020
4060
8010
0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
SUM_REDDNU (2km)
020
4060
8010
04 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
SUM_REDDNU (4km)
020
4060
8010
0
1 km 2 km 4 km
Den
sit
y (r
edd
s/km
)
D
ens
ity
(rai
nb
ow
tro
ut/
km)
Distance upstream (km)
16 redds in 2007/8
15:3
0:00
15:3
2:30
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Temperature
Distance (m)
0 1000 2000 3000
Rel
ativ
e d
epth
0
20
40
60
80
100
Relative depth
Te
mp
era
ture
(oC
)
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
Temperature
Distance (m)
0 50 100 150 200
Re
lati
ve
de
pth
0
10
20
30
40
50
Relative depth
16 redds in 2007 & 2008
(25 %)
(16
%)
Preliminary conclusions• Hatchery- and wild-origin Chinook have similar
spawning distributions at scales ≥ 1km• The influence of habitat factors on spawning site
selection depends on spatial scale• Redd density is correlated with rainbow trout
distribution at broad scales (4 km)
Acknowledgments• Logistics and GIS: Darran May, Hiroo Imaki,
Ethan Welty, John Vaccaro, Patricia Haggerty
• Housing and support: everyone at the Cle Elum supplementation and research facility
• Funding: NOAA BiOP, The Water Center• Photography: Ethan Welty• Aerial photos: NAIP – Allyson Jason• LiDAR – Robert Hilldale
What’s next?
• Data analysis
– Extensive– Intensive– Temperature/depth
profile– Redd/carcass
distribution– Lidar
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
COVV_PERC + COVW_PERC (1km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
COVV_PERC + COVW_PERC (2km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
COVV_PERC + COVW_PERC (4km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
SUM_REDDNU (1km)0
20
40
60
80
10
0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
SUM_REDDNU (2km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
SUM_REDDNU (4km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
1 11 23 35 47 59 71 83 95
WET_WIDTH (1km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
2 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
WET_WIDTH (2km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 88
WET_WIDTH (4km)
020
40
60
80
10
0
Den
sity
(re
dd
s/km
)%
co
ver
Mea
n w
et w
idth
(m
)1 km 2 km 4 km
Distance upstream (km)
Background
Acclimation site
Acclimation site
Hatchery
Cle Elum R.
Teanaway R.
Den
sity
(re
dd
s/km
)
Distance upstream (km)
Redds 2007