LINDA L. ALDERSON LEGACY COMMUNICATION RESOURCES …

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Transcript of LINDA L. ALDERSON LEGACY COMMUNICATION RESOURCES …

LINDA L. ALDERSON

LEGACY COMMUNICATION RESOURCES

alderson@ykcwb.com

Number of tournaments?

Number of years competing?

Winning trophies?

Knowledge of extemp?

Knowledge of current events?

All of the above?

TELL ME ABOUT IT. CHANGE MY VIEWPOINT OR ACTION.

INFORMATIVE

To stimulate an

interest in current

affairs

To be able to

extemporaneously

present facts from

documentable sources

PERSUASIVE

To stimulate an

interest in current

affairs

To be able to

extemporaneously

present a point of

view from

documentable sources

INVENTION OF IDEAS

ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS

LANGUAGE FOR EXPRESSION

VOICE AND PERSONALITY FOR

EXPRESSION

MEMORY

Files

Time

Topic choice

Note card

Sources:

U. S. News and World Report

Time

Newsweek

New York Times (very liberal)

Wall Street Journal (economics)

The Economist (economics)

Los Angeles Times (slightly liberal)

Christian Science Monitor (one of best)

Chicago Tribune

Denver Post

Houston Chronicle

Lubbock Avalanche-Journal

Dallas Morning News

Washington Post (liberal)

Washington Times (conservative counterweight)

International Herald Tribune

Toronto Star

Middle East Times

Financial Times (definitive int’l economic daily)

Jerusalem Post

Journal of Commerce

Congressional Quarterly

National Review

Business Week (economics)

The New Republic (fairly liberal)

Foreign Affairs

Huffington Post

Fact Check.org

ONLINE SOURCES

Find law

Reuters

Associated Press

BOOKS

Atlas

Dictionary

Thesaurus

World Almanac

Book of quotations

Work together as a squad.

Share information.

Brainstorm together.

Communicate regularly.

Contribute a variety of articles.

File.

Read.

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER:

ADVANCED EXTEMPERS HAVE A BETTER ABILITY TO

THINK CRITICALLY THAN AN ENOROMOUS

KNOWLEDGE OF CURRENT EVENTS.

DEVELOP AN AREA OF EXPERTISE.

STUDENTS SHOULD PICK A TOPIC THAT INTERESTS

AND AFFECTS NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL

AFFAIRS.

THAT DOES NOT MEAN SPEAKERS SHOULD IGNORE

OTHER TOPICS.

STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO CROSS APPLY THIS

AREA TO MANY TOPICS.

Students must take time to prepare good

files whether in tubs or on a jump drive.

Students must be conscious of time in the

draw.

Before drawing.

After drawing.

CHOOSE A TOPIC YOU KNOW THE MOST

ABOUT RATHER THAN WHAT YOU THINK IS IN

THE FILE.

CHOOSE TOPICS OF SIGNIFICANCE TO BE

COMPETITIVE.

RELATE THE TOPIC TO AREA OF EXPERTISE.

Rules permit a 3x5 card.

Use the card so he/she can take it out of the

draw to review if round is backed up.

Take notes in outline format. (to be covered

later)

TYPES OF QUESTIONS

WILL—generally asked to predict future; forces to

take side (persuasive)

SHOULD—similar in principle to above; important

to demonstrate the standard used to judge the

situation (national security, morality).

HOW—predict future events and explain

(generally informative); broadly summarize 2-3

answers into one definitive answer to the

question)

ANSWER THE QUESTION DIRECTLY.

TAKE A RISK IN YOUR ANSWER TO

DEMONSTRATE THEIR ADVANCED STATE.

CHALLENGE THEMSELVES AS WELL AS THE

JUDGES.

ANSWER THE QUESTION LOGICALLY.

BEGIN ANALYSIS AS SOON AS YOU READ THE

TOPIC.

LEARN TYPES OF ANALYSIS.

HISTORICAL

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE

CAN BE PROBLEMATIC BECAUSE IT DOES NOT

ALLOW FOR A COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

TOPIC.

BUFFET STYLE

OFFER THREE POSSIBLE ANSWERS

POINT OUT THE CORRECT ONE

REDUCES THE OPPORTUNITY TO REALLY DEVELOP

THE BEST ANSWER.

UNIFIED ANALYSIS

TWO OR THREE INDEPENDENT THESES

MORE REASONS TO DEMONSTRATE THE ANSWER

OF THE TOPIC

CAN HELP A WEAKER POINT BE JUSTIFIED

WORKS BEST IN PERSUASIVE

PURPOSES

BUILDS ETHOS.

SUPPORT ANALYSIS NOT PROVIDE

ANALYSIS.

INTEGRATE THE ANALYSIS OF EXPERTS TO

SUPPORT THE ANSWER TO THE

QUESTION.

PROVIDES EMPIRICAL DATA.

ADVICE

SHOULD ALLOW OWN THEORIES TO

DIRECT RESEARCH NOT VICE VERSA.

AVOID USING THE SAME SOURCE MORE

THAN TWICE IN SPEECH.

NEED SOURCE, DATE, AND INFORMATION

IN SUCCINCT MANNER.

ANALYZE THE INFORMATION.

AVOID GRAMMATICAL ERRORS.

ETHICS IN SOURCES:

DO NOT FABRICATE EVIDENCE.

DO NOT DOCTOR EVIDENCE.

GET MY ATTENTION. TELL ME WHAT YOU ARE

GOING TO TELL ME. TELL ME. TELL ME WHAT

YOU TOLD ME. TIE IT UP NEATLY WITH A

BOW.

AFFECTS YOUR ABILITY TO INFORM. AFFECTS YOUR ABILITY TO

PERSUADE.

INFORMATIVE

Chronological

Topical

Logical

Spatial

Cause-effect

PERSUASIVE

Cause-effect

Problem-solution

Monroe Motivated

Sequence

PROBLEM

SOLUTION

BENEFITS

ATTENTION STEP

NEED STEP

SATISFACTION STEP

VISUALIZATION STEP

ACTION STEP

BODY

CHOOSE THE ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN.

TAKE NOTES IN OUTLINE FORM CITING

SOURCES.

USE 2-3 SOURCES PER POINT, CITING

AUTHORITIES RATHER THAN PERIODICALS AS

MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

USE TWO-THREE POINTS IN BODY. TAG LINES

SHOULD BE SUCCINT AND PERTINENT.

ORGANIZATION OF BODY

I. POINT

A. SUB-POINT A

1. ANALYSIS

2. SOURCE CITE

B. SUB-POINT B

1. ANALYSIS

2. SOURCE CITE

C. TRANSITION TO NEXT POINT

INCORPORATE CLAIMS AND WARRANTS IN

ANALYSIS IN EACH SUBPOINT.

EACH POINT IN THE BODY DIRECTLY

ANSWERS THE QUESTION IN INFORMATIVE OR

SUPPORTS YOUR ANSWER IN PERSUSASIVE.

“MOVING TO MY NEXT POINT” IS NOT A

TRANSISITON.

USE INTERNAL SUMMARIES AND PREVIEWS.

EG. “Now that we have discussed the causes

of the airline explosion, let us look at the

effects.”

PREPARE THE INTRODUCTION AFTER

COMPLETING BODY.

ATTENTION DEVICES.

RHETORICAL QUESTION WORKS WELL FOR

BEGINNERS—NOT THE TOPIC. (ADVANCED

SPEAKERS SHOULD AVOID IF POSSIBLE.)

QUOTATIONS.

NARRATIVES.

STARTLING STATEMENTS.

HISTORICAL ANECDOTES.

LITERATURE/MOVIE/MUSIC ALLUSIONS.

PREVIEW

IDENTIFY THE TWO-THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE

SPEECH.

SIGNPOST.

SPEAKER GETS TO EXPRESS SELF

MUST HAVE ATTENTION DEVICE,

SIGNIFICANCE, AND TOPIC STATEMENT

EVERY INTRODUCTION SHOULD BE USED

SPARINGLY AND ONLY ONCE IF HUMANLY

POSSIBLE.

OTHER EXTEMPERS LOSE RESPECT FOR

SPEAKER WHO USES CANNED INTROS.

JUDGES WHO HEAR SPEAKER USE CANNED

INTROS ALSO OBJECT. SPEAKERS NEVER

KNOW WHEN THEY WILL HAVE A JUDGE FOR A

SECOND TIME AT A DIFFERENT TOURNAMENT

OR LEVEL OF UIL.

PREPARE THE CONCLUSION.

SUMMARY

CONCLUDING STATEMENT—THE SAME METHOD AS

THE ATTENTION GETTER IS A GOOD WAY TO END

THE SPEECH AS IT TIES IT UP NEATLY IN A BOW.

PURPOSE OF CONCLUSION

REFOCUS THE SPEECH ON THE QUESTION

REAFFIRMS THAT THE SPEECH HAS PROPERLY

ANSWERED THE QUESTION

NOT THE TIME TO REHASH EVERY POINT—JUST

TWO TO THREE MAIN POINTS

NEEDS TO BE SUCCINT

IT IS ESSENTIAL TO RETURN TO THE INITIAL

ATTENTION DEVICE WITHOUT RETELLING THE

ENTIRE STORY.

A speech and a love affair are a great deal

alike—easy to begin but difficult to end with

grace.

ATTENTION DEVICE

INTRODUCTION ¾-1 ¼ MINUTES

Attention Device

Preview

BODY 4-5 MINUTES

Budget time within the main points

Develop ideas with documentation

Use internal summaries and transitions between

points

Signpost

Link ideas to your main point

CONCLUSION ½ TO 1 MINUTE

Summarize main ideas (not the supporting

details).

Refer to your attention device in the

introduction.

Do not say “Thank you.”

PATHOS

LOGOS

CONFIDENCE IS KEY TO GOOD

DELIVERY.

MAKE EYE CONTACT BEFORE

BEGINNING.

USE A RATE THAT IS CONVERSATIONAL.

POLISH IS GOOD UNLESS IT SEEMS

CANNED WHICH MAKES THE SPEAKER

SEEM COCKY.

STUDENTS MUST LEARN TO BE

ULTIMATE IN SALES, ESPECIALLY IN

PERSUASIVE.

ETHOS

BEHAVIOR BEFORE THE SPEECH.

BEHAVIOR DURING THE SPEECH.

BEHAVIOR AFTER THE SPEECH.

APPEARANCE.

PARALINGUISTICS.

RATE

PITCH

INFLECTION

EMPHASIS

VOLUME

KINESICS.

EYE CONTACT

FACIAL EXPRESSION

GESTURES

MOVEMENT

PURPOSE?

ANSWERING QUESTION?

SUBSTANCE

DOCUMENTATION

ORGANIZATION

DELIVERY

SPEAK WITHOUT THE NOTECARD.

SPEAK CONVERSATIONALLY.

SPEAK IN A MANNER THAT THE

JUDGES DO NOT AUTOMATICALLY

THINK “DEBATER.”

READ! READ! READ1

LISTEN! LISTEN! LISTEN!

PRACTICE! PRACTICE! PRACTICE!

WATCH OTHER SPEAKERS IN ROUNDS. ROUNDS

ARE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. YOU SHOULD

STAY TO LISTEN TO SPEAKERS AFTER YOU.

KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD.

ABILITY TO THINK ON FEET.

ABILITY TO SPEAK EXTEMPORANEOUSLY.

POLISH AS A SPEAKER.

BECOME A BETTER STUDENT, CITIZEN,

PERSON.