Lifting & Rigging

04/08/23 Saipem / HSE DEPARTEMENT / TR SCO / SC / FP / PH

LIFTING AND RIGGING LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

TRAINING COURSE No. 13

Saipem

LIFTING AND RIGGING LIFTING AND RIGGING

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS PRELIMINARY LIFTING OPERATIONS’ VERIFICATION:

• Weight evaluation• Sling lifting point• Cranes lifting capacity ( diagrams and

lifting chart ) • Weight ripartition (baricenter concept) • Sling lifting point

WEIGHT SLINGING VERIFICATION:

• Lifting gear capacity

• Use of soft materials between sharp edge and the sling

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS EQUIPMENT SAFETY MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT

RECOMMENDED SLING ANGLERECOMMENDED SLING ANGLE

SLINGING AND LIFTING OF SLINGING AND LIFTING OF LOADSLOADS

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS

PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• Presence of materials not secured

• Pay attention to the positions of hands & feet

• Knowledge of conventional crane signal

• The weight must be free from obstruction and not connected to the ground

PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• Presence of obstacles in the direction of the lifting.

• Keep the weight close to the ground level.

• The chains or slings are to be free from obstacles

• Tag controlling line must be used.

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• Horseplay or standing on lifted weight is forbidden.

• The crane operator must follow the banksman indication during the lifting operations.

LIFTING OPERATIONS LIFTING OPERATIONS SHIFTING OF LOAD

SLINGING AND LOAD’S LIFTINGSLINGING AND LOAD’S LIFTING

CHOKER HITCHCHOKER HITCH

THE CAPACITY THE CAPACITY

OF A CHOKER OF A CHOKER

HITCH IS HITCH IS

75%TO 80% 75%TO 80%

OF THE OF THE

SINGLE LEG.SINGLE LEG.

CHAIN, WIRE CHAIN, WIRE

ROPE AND ROPE AND

SYNTHETIC SYNTHETIC

SLINGS ARE SLINGS ARE

AFFECTEDAFFECTED

•THE CHOKER HITCH THE CHOKER HITCH IS OFTEN USED IS OFTEN USED WHEN GRIPPING THE WHEN GRIPPING THE LOAD & WILL LOAD & WILL IMPROVE LOAD IMPROVE LOAD CONTROL.THE CONTROL.THE CAPACITY OF A CAPACITY OF A CHOKER HITCH IS CHOKER HITCH IS BASED ON THE BASED ON THE HITCH BEING HITCH BEING PROPERLY FORMED. PROPERLY FORMED. IN OTHER FOR THE IN OTHER FOR THE FULL CHOKER FULL CHOKER CAPACITY TO BE CAPACITY TO BE AVAILABLE, THE AVAILABLE, THE ANGLE OF CHOKE ANGLE OF CHOKE FOR ALL TYPE OF FOR ALL TYPE OF SLINGS SHOULD BE SLINGS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 120AT LEAST 120°

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION:

• presence of obstruction in the working area.

• weight landing area clearly defined.

• don’t keep the load suspended.

• good stacking position ( pipe).

• slowly raise the weight.

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS LOWERING OF LOADS

CALCULATION OF CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHTMATERIALS’ WEIGHT

MEASURAMENT UNIT WEIGHT IN KG.

ONE CUBIC METER 7600 - 8100 KG.

WATER AT 4 DEGREE C' ONE CUBIC METER 1000 KG.

ASBESTOS ONE CUBIC METER 2100 - 2800 KG.

BRONZE ONE CUBIC METER 7500 - 8300 KG.

CONCRETE ONE CUBIC METER 2200 - 2500 KG.

ALLUMINIUM ONE CUBIC METER 2800 KG.

IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7400 - 7900 KG.

CAST IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7000 - 7800 KG.

WOOD ONE CUBIC METER 760 - 950 KG.

NICHEL ONE CUBIC METER 8900 - 9200 KG.

BRASS ONE CUBIC METER 8500 - 8600 KG.

STONE ONE CUBIC METER 3000 KG.

LEAD ONE CUBIC METER 11200 - 11300 KG.

COPPER ONE CUBIC METER 8600 - 8900 KG.

SAND ONE CUBIC METER 2000 KG.

TIN ONE CUBIC METER 7300 - 7500 KG.

ZINC ONE CUBIC METER 7200 KG.

MATERIALS

CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADINGLOADING

SLING 1 SLING 2

10000kg

D1=5m D2=5m

WHEN LIFTING VERTICALLY,THE LOAD WILL BE SHARED EQUALLY IF, THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS PLACED EQUALLY B/W THE PICK POINTS.IF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD IS 10000Kg, THEN EACH SLING WILL HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg. EACH SHACKLE AND EYE BOLT WILL ALSO HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg.

SLING 1 SLING 2

D1=5m D2=5m

10000kg

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADINGSLING LOADING

THE LOCATION

OF THE CENTRE

OF GRAVITY

RELATIVE TO

THE PICK

POINTS IS A

IMPORTANT

CONSIDERATION

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADINGLOADING

SLING 1 SLING 2

10000kg

D1=8m D2=2m

WHEN THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS NOT EQUALLY SPACED B/W THE PICK POINTS, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS WILL NOT CARRY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE LOAD. THE SLING CONNECTED TO THE PICK POINT CLOSEST TO THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY WILL CARRY THE GREATEST SHARE OF THE LOAD.

SLING 2 IS CLOSEST TO C.O.G,IT WILL HAVE THE GREATEST SHARE OF LOAD:

SLING2=10000 X 8/(8+2)=8000kg

SLING1=10000 X 2/(8+2)=2000kg

IN MOST LIFTS, ONLY A SINGLE HOOK IS AVAILABLE. THIS MEANS THAT MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS MUST BE COLLECTED AT THE LOAD HOOK. WHEN THIS IS DONE, WE FORM WHAT WE CALL A RIGGING TRIANGLE.

THE INCLUDED ANGLE IS CHECKED FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF HOIST HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING. THE SLING ANGLE MUST BE KNOWN TO PROPERLY SELECT SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION.

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE AND THE RIGGING TRIANGLE AND THE WORKING LOAD LIMITS THE WORKING LOAD LIMITS

OF RIGGING GEAROF RIGGING GEARALL ADD TO 180 DEGREES

VERTICAL SLING ANGLE

HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

INCLUDED ANGLE

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE BASIC THE RIGGING TRIANGLE BASIC FACTSFACTS

SIDE LOADING CAN OCCUR AT LOAD.

SLING LENGTH AFFECTS HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE.

30° VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS BEST, 60° IS WORST.

AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE LOAD IS “CRUSHED” AND SLINGS WORK HARDER.

THE FITTINGS AT LOAD CONNECTION SEE SAME LOAD AS SLING.

WHEN COLECTED AT THE HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING, SLINGS PLACE A SIDE LOAD ON THE EYE BOLT OR LIFTING POINT AT THE LOAD.

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE 30 THE RIGGING TRIANGLE 30 DEGREE VERTICAL SLING DEGREE VERTICAL SLING

ANGLEANGLEYOU HAVE A 30° (OR SMALLER) VERTICAL SLING ANGLE WHEN:

LENGTH OF SLING (INCLUDES SHACKLE) IS EQUAL TO OR LONGER THAN DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

LENGTH OF SLING

DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

AS THE SLING LENGTH IS SHORTENED, THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS INCREASED AS THE SLING LENGTH IS INCREASED, THE SLING ANGLE IS DECREASED.

NEVER FOUL THE LATCH OF ANY HOOK, CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN PLACING SLINGS INTO HOOK. NEVER “FOUL” A LATCH BY ALLOWING THE SLING TO BEAR AGAINST THE LATCH.

THE INCLUDED ANGLE HOIST THE INCLUDED ANGLE HOIST HOOKSHOOKSDO NOT EXCEED

90 DEGREES.

THE WORKING LOAD DEPENDS ON IT AND THE SLINGS SIT IN THE BASE OF THE HOOK AND CLEAR

OF THE LATCH.

INCLUDED ANGLE: 90 DEGREES MAXIMUM

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIERLOAD MULTIPLIER

AS THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES GREATER, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION WORK HARDER. THE SLINGS ALSO PLACE MORE CRUSHING FORCE ON THE LOAD.

EACH SLING SEES 1/2 OF WEIGHT.

PLUS CRUSHING LOAD

AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE CRUSHING LOAD GOES UP.

SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X FACTOR

30° 45° 60° 80°

1.155 1.414 2.0 5.789

(1.2) (1.4) (2) (6)

SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X L/H

10 30 45 60 DEGREES

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIERLOAD MULTIPLIER

ANGLE GREATER AS THE SLING ANGLE APROACHES 60°,THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY. ABOVE 60° THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES EVEN MORE DRAMATICALLY. NEVER ALLOW A VERTICAL SLING THAN 60°.

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE L/H THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE L/H AND LOAD MULTIPLIERAND LOAD MULTIPLIER

IN THE RIGGING TRIANGLE, IF YOU TAKE THE LENGTH OF THE SLING,( BEARING POINT TO BEARING POINT) AND DIVIDE BY THE DROP, YOU HAVE THE LOAD MULTIPLIER.

L/H = LOAD MULTIPLIER

MEASURE THE VERTICAL SLING MEASURE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BY USE OF L/HANGLE BY USE OF L/H

THE USE OF L/H OFFERS US SEVERAL TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED IN RIGGING. THE MOST BASIC TOOL IS THAT THE SLING ANGLE CAN BE MEASURED BY USE OF A TAPE MEASURE.

IF L/H VERTICA ANGLE

1.155 (1.2) 30 DEGREES

1.414 (1.4) 45 DEGREES

2 60 DEGREES

CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH LEG BY USE OF L/HLEG BY USE OF L/H

A MORE POWERFUL TOOL IS THE USE OF L/H TO CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH SLING LEG AND IN THE FITTING AT THE LOAD CONNECTION. REMEMBER THAT THE LOAD MULTIPLIER INCREASE THE VERTICAL LOAD(THE LOAD IF THE SLINGS WERE PULLING STRAIGHT UP).

IF L/H THEN LOAD

1.2 1.2 X 5000=6000 kg

1.4 1.4 X 5000=7000kg

2 2 X 5000=10000kg

10000kg

DETERMINE CAPACITY OF BRIDLE DETERMINE CAPACITY OF BRIDLE IF ANGLE DIFFERENT FROM THAT IF ANGLE DIFFERENT FROM THAT

ON TAGON TAGIF VERTICAL SLING

ANGLE IS GREATER THAN

THE ANGLE INDICATED

ON THE TAG, THE SLING

CAPACITY MUST BE

DERATED

CAPACITY= CAPACITY ON TAG X L/H FOR ANGLE ON TAG

L/H FOR ACTUAL ANGLE

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS LIFTING CAPACITY VARIATION

RELATED WITH THE SLINGS ANGLE

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS METALLIC WIRE AND CABLE

HOISTS HOOKS LATCH HOISTS HOOKS LATCH REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSANSI\ASME REQUIREMENTS

“HOOKS SHALL BE EQUIPED WITH LATCHES”

“LATCH EQUIPPED HOOKS SHALL BE USED”

PERSONNEL BASKETS AND LOCKING LATCHES-OSHA

“HOOKS SHALL BE OF TYPE THAT CAN BE CLOSED AND LOCKED”

HOOKS ON CHAIN FALLS, BLOCKS, BLOCK AND TACKLE AND HOISTING WINCHES MUST HAVE LATCHES.

WHEN USED IN PERSONNEL LIFTING, THE LATCHES LOCKING METHOD MUST BE ENGAGED.

LIFTING OPERATIONSLIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGING REMOVAL AND HOOK RAISING

LIFTING AND RIGGING LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

• SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR

VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS

WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE THE SLING ?

LIFTING AND RIGGING LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS OPERATIONS

CAUSES OF SLINGS BREAKING:

• Overloading

• Bending on shape edge

• Reductions of resisting sections (wire broken).

• Wire squeeze

• Wire eccessively worn

METALLIC ROPES BREAKING CAUSESMETALLIC ROPES BREAKING CAUSESAND MAJOR DAMAGEAND MAJOR DAMAGE

LIFTING OPERATIONS LIFTING OPERATIONS

SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR

• WORK HARDENING

• WEAR

• LOOSE WELDING

• FLESSION ACTIONS

• YIELD

CHAINS LIFTING CAPACITY CHAINS LIFTING CAPACITY REDUCTION RELATED TO THE REDUCTION RELATED TO THE

WORKING ANGLEWORKING ANGLE

LIFTING OPERATIONS LIFTING OPERATIONS NYLON AND TEXTILE ROPES

LIFTING OPERATIONS - LIFTING OPERATIONS - HOOKSHOOKS

DISTANCE

DIAMETER OF THE BOLT

CLAMPS AND PULLEY SECTION

LIFTING AND RIGGING LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

COMMON INJURIES HAPPENED AT THE RIGGERS:

• Squeeze ( at finger, feet & hands ).

• Abrasion, cutting, prick.

• Contusion in some part of the body.

• Falling from elevation.

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