Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Life in a Four percent Universe
Dr. C.P. GirijavallabhanProfessor Emeritus
International School of PhotonicsCUSAT
Our Changing Views of the Universe
Ptolemaic System till 16th centuryGalileo and the telescope (1609)The Copernican revolutionKepler’s laws and Newton’s theoriesBirth and death of stars and galaxiesHubble’s law and the expanding universeThe Big Bang and the origin
20th Century Astronomy
• Astronomy made an exact science• Edwin Hubble and Hubble’s Law• Stellar dynamics and S. Chandrasekhar• Bing Bang Hypothesis- Dicke, Jim Peeble• Penzias and Wilson- 3.5K CMB• Gamow, Fritz Zwicky – Galactic rotation• Vera Rubin and Kent Ford
Edwin Hubble- Father of modern astronomy
Mount Wilson 100” telescope used by Hubble
New Age Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Exploration of Space• The Hubble Space Telescope• COBE satellite• Super Novae as standard candle• High Z supernova observations• Saul -Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt & Adam Riess
and Nobel Prize 2011• Accelerating expansion and dark energy
Roational Anomaly of Galaxies
Vera Rubin
Variation of planetary velocities in solar system
Measurement of speed of rotation of Galaxies:Doppler effect
A cooled Si detector chip for image enhancement
Andromeda Galaxy NGC 4414
Speed of rotation of Galaxy perpendicular to axis
Gravitational lensing effect
Gravitational lensing effect
Bullet Cluster- picture of colliding Galaxies
Dark matter pervades the space between Galaxies
Dark matter in pink colour
Anisotropy in microwave background:COBE satellite result
Type Ia Supernova Light curve
1987a Supernova
1987a Supernova deep field view
2012 Nobel Prize winners in Physics
Supernova in large Megallenic cloud
Supernovae against the back ground of Galaxies
Supernova X-ray picture
Supernova 1994 D
Velocity vs distance for faraway nebula
1 parsec= 3.6 light years
Type Ia supernova data
Distribution of Dark and ordinary matter in the Universe
Unresolved Questions
• Gravity –where does it come from?• How can it be made compatible with quantum
field theory?• How do the laws of universe originate?• Laws first or matter first?• What is time? Is it real or a myth?• How does consciousness arise in unconscious
matter?• Is it all real or simply a dream?