Post on 03-Jun-2018
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BiologyWeek 2- Alive vs. Dead
Handout
What is alive?
Eventually, everything goes where it isnt, goes away, breaks down. Thisis known as entropy. iving things !ost!one entro!y by organi"ing. i#estarted #ro$ inorgani% $aterials &soil'dirt(, whi%h rea%ted with lightning to$ake organi% %he$i%als.
What di##erentiates live things #ro$ dead things)a( ive things $oveb( Dead things dont have entro!y%( ive things !ost!one entro!y and organi"ed( Dead things %an organi"e
Alive things:
-Take in energy-Assimilate-Self Regulate-Self Repair
Assimilationis taking so$ething and turning it into sel#.Where does Assimilation take place?
Takes !la%e inside a %ell.
o *nside the %ell is alive, outside the %ell is dead.
o
+ell takes in raw $aterials ats, %arbs, !roteins( andenergy &%he$i%al energy(, and turns it into %ell stu##&cytoplasm(.
o +ell has a %ell $e$brane to kee! the live stu## inside and
dead stu## outside.
What is the !ro%ess o# assi$ilation)a( +ells use energy to $ake $ore %ellsb( Ani$als re!rodu%e%( rganis$s take in raw $aterials and energy and $ake $ore sel#d( +ells use sel# to $ake raw $aterials
Where does assi$ilation take !la%e)a( our %ellsb( our sto$a%h%( our intestinesd( our blood
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Energyis needed #or assi$ilation.Where does energy come from?
lant energy %o$es #ro$ the sun. +ow energy %o$es #ro$
!lant. our energy %o$es #ro$ %ow. &!g. /0( Water1light1soil'nitrogenrass+owou
3 grou!s o# #ood4
Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate
o lants take nitrogen and turn it into !lant !rotein. +ow
eats the !lant and turns the !lant into %ow !rotein. Wetake a %ow and turn it into our !rotein. Assi$ilation5
6o7ou are $ade o# energy whi%h is $ade o# sunshine5
Every living thing is $ade o#7a( +arbohydrates and !roteinsb( +arbohydrates, and'or 8ats%( +arbohydrates, roteins, and 8atsd( 8ats and roteins
Homeostasis-6el#-regulation, sel#-re!air, sel#-$aintain.What is a puppy made of? What are you made of?
iving things have organic chemicals.
Dead things &ro%ks et%.( have inorganic chemicals.
ive things de#y entro!y by staying organi"ed &ho$eostasis(
Ho$eostasis is when7a( ive things sel#-regulate, sel#-re!air, and sel#-$aintainb( ive things hel! ea%h other survive%( ive things use !rodu%ers to survived( ive things re!rodu%e
Ecology4 All living things e9ist in relation to everything else, in%luding other livingthings.
Can live things survive on their own?
lants %an #or a while: they dont need other things to live.
However, what would ha!!en i# there were only !lants)
Eventually all the dead !lants would !ile u! and no new !lants%ould rea%h the sun. 6o7plants need decomposers.
The #irst sustainable e%osyste$s %onsisted o# !lants
&!rodu%ers( and de%o$!osers &ba%teria and #ungi(.
*# ro%ks and dirt are inorgani% %he$i%als, and living things are
organi% %he$i%als, how did we get organi% %he$i%als in the #irst!la%e)
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o H2, +2, H2, ;2are all inorgani% %he$i%als, but they
also $ake u! organi% %he$i%als.
Protocells uire !lants and ani$als to survive
!ecomposers4 living things that eat u! dead organis$s. Turn organi%%he$i%als into inorgani% %he$i%als. Things like bacteria, worms andfungi.
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"ife:
#$%&%' #( )'%*E$+E A'! P"A'E+
EA$", "%(E (#$+3.? billion years ago roto +ells
Big Bang #or$s @niverse - billion years ago
6tars 8or$ - C billion years ago
ur 6olar 6yste$ #or$s - billion years ago
Earth is #or$ed - C billion years ago
i#e Begins - 3.? billion years ago
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3. billion years ago An%ient Ba%teria rokaryoti%&Ar%haeba%teria(
3 billion years ago True Ba%teria rokaryoti%&Euba%teria(
billion years ago True +ells Eukaryotes &withorganelles(
A!APA%#' A'! !%*E$+%(%CA%#' ver the last 000 $illion &a billion years( the geogra!hy and%li$ate %hanged in geologi%al !eriods. A#ter ea%h %hange new li#e#or$s ada!ted to lo%al %onditions, be%a$e su%%ess#ul and tookover &radiated(. They were then annihilated by %ata%lys$s likeasteroid i$!a%ts, and a new li#e #or$ took over.
/00 $illion years ago - Ba%teria, roto"oa, 8ungi, Algae00 $illion years ago - Farine *nvertebrates, 8ish, lants00 $illion years ago - *nse%ts, A$!hibians300 $illion years ago -
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6ingle %ells &little things(Fulti!le %ells &bigger things(ots and lots o#
%ells &ani$als, !lants, #ungi(
The #irst things were single %ells, with %yto!las$ and a %ell $e$brane.
Fi%ros%o!i% li#e %a$e ne9t4 things like ba%teria, !lankton, and algae.
Fi%ros%o!i% li#e Jelly#ish 8ish A$!hibians