Post on 17-Feb-2020
Life Cycle Assessment of
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plants
with pre-combustion CO2 capture by
chemical & calcium looping
Letitia Petrescu
Christoph Müller
Calin-Cristian Cormos
Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Cluj -Napoca, Romania
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Agenda
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Material extraction
Manufacturing
Production
TransportationUtilization
Reuse
Disposal
Recycling To evaluate and compare the life cycle impacts of IGCC plants coupled to advanced CCS technologies based on CaL & CL.
Aim of the study
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Coal-based IGCC plants
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Pre-combustion CCS
based on CaL & CL
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Coal:- abundant fossil fuel sources- 23% of the total world primary energy demand- technologies that utilized coal will have to reduce their environmental impact
CCS:
- CCS can be defined as the separation and capture of CO2 produced at stationary sources, followed by transport and storage in geological reservoirs or in the ocean in order to prevent its emission to the atmosphere- decreasing the CO2 emissions while continuing the use of fossil fuels
IGCC:
- one of the most promising energy conversion methods
- combines two leading technologies: coal gasification & combined cycle
- clean and efficient coal power, and the low cost path to combat CO2
Agenda
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Pre-combustion:
- refers to removing CO2 from fossil fuels before combustion is completed
CaL & CL concepts:
- involves oxidation of a fuel via cyclic reduction and oxidation of a solid oxygen carrier (typically a metal oxide) avoiding the direct contact between fuel and air
Technologies:
- calcium-based sorbent and
- iron-based oxygen carrier (for chemical looping)
The usage of inexpensive materials and further potential applications of the spent sorbent in the cement and steel industries are the main resons for investigating these two technologies.
Coal-based IGCC plants
Agenda
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
IGCC power plant without CCS
IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS
IGCC power plant with iron-based chemical looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS
Case studies
Case studies
IGCC power plant without CCS
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Case studies
IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Case studies
IGCC power plant with iron-based chemical looping cycle
for pre-combustion CCS
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Methodology for technical
and
environmental assessment
Technical
Assessment
Process
Simulation
Environmental
Assessment
ChemCAD
ASPEN PLUS
Matlab
GaBiKPI
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Agenda
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
LCA is a method that quantifies the environmental impacts associated with a
process/product or service.
LCA applied to CCS technologies can provide a better understanding of the full
environmental benefits and trade-offs of implementing CCS.
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
CCS is good for the environment?
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
How does the reduction in climate change
affects other environmental impact
indicators?
• Extraction, processing
and transport of coal,
limestone and ilmenite
• Coal mine construction
• Power production
from coal coupled to
CO2 capture
technologies based
on CaL & CL;
• Plant Construction
Main
process
Upstream
processes
Downstream
processes
KPI for
upstream
processes
Overa
llK
PI
KPI for
main process
• CO2 transport and
storage
• CO2 pipeline
construction
• Plant decommisioning
KPI for
downstream
process
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
LCA Phases
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
LCA Phases
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
The primary goal:
to quantify and analyse the total environmental aspects of power production from IGCC with/without CCS
The functions of the systems:
considered in the present study are the production of:
493.13 MWe for Case1
607.82 MWe for Case 2
443.07 MWe for Case 3
The functional unit:
proposed to be used is one MWe of net power produced
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
LCA Phases
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Coal supply chain Cases 1-3
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Coal supply chain Cases 1-3
Limestone supply chain for Case 2
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Ilmenite supply chain for Case 3
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
IGCC power plant with calcium looping cycle for pre-combustion CCS Case 2
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
CO2 transport and storage Cases 2-3
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Coal mine construction
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Adapted from Spath P.L., Mann M.K., Kerr D.R., 1999.
Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-fired Power Production.
NREL/TP-570-25119.
IGCC plant construction Case 1-3
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Adapted from
Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Gasification Combined
Cycle (IGCC) Power Plant, 2012
DOE/NETL-2012/1551
LCA Phases
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
The CML 2001 method assessment implemented in GaBi software (version 6) was used for the present LCA.
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
GaBi Schema for Case 2
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
The environmental indicators considered in CML 2001 method are: • Global Warming Potential (GWP)• Acidification Potential (AP)• Eutrophication Potential (EP)• Ozone Depeltion Potential (ODP)• Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) • Freshwater Aquatic Eco toxicity Potential (FAETP)• Human Toxicity Potential (HTP)• Photochemical Oxidation Potential (PCOP)• Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Potential (TEP)• Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity (MAE).
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
LCA Phases
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
KPI Units Case1 Case2 Case3
GWP kg CO2-Equiv./MW 1355.51 720.9 714.45
AP kg SO2-Equiv./MW 1.12 2.18 3.21
EP kg Phosphate-Equiv./MW 1891.39 1462.46 1612.08
ODP kg R11-Equiv./MW 1.07*10-7 1.19*10-7 1.35*10-7
ADP elements kg Sb-Equiv./MW 1.47*10-4 1.43*10-4 2*10-4
ADP fossil MJ/MW 1.15*104 1.47*104 1.28*104
FAETP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 3.60 3.58 3.76
HTP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 13.68 19.19 25.87
PCOP kg Ethene-Equiv./MW 0.14 0.14 0.23
TEP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 1.29 1.25 2.49
MAETP kg DCB-Equiv./MW 9.66*104 1.17*105 1.44*105
LCA results (Case 1-3) according to CML 2001
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Environmental assessment
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
720.9 kg CO2-
Equiv./MW
79.6% power plant
operation
10.93% coal mine
operation
10.04% CO2
transport and storage
1462.46 kg
Phosphate-
Equiv./MW
99.99% power
plant operation
0.01% CO2
transport and
storage& limestone
extraction1.47*104 MJ/MW
95.2% power plant
operation
4.8% CO2 transport
and storage& coal
mine operation
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Technical KPI results
Technical KPI results
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
MAIN PLANT DATA UNITS Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Coal flow rate t/h 155.30 236.82 162.33Coal LHV (as received) MJ/kg 25.35
Feedstock thermal energy MWth 1093.70 1667.80 1143.21
Syngas thermal energy MWth 877.01 934.47 912.42
Thermal energy of gas exit AGR MWth 872.47 929.78 912.09
Gas turbine output MWe 334.00 334.00 334.00Steam turbine output MWe 235.89 429.11 201.33
Expander power output MWe 0.72 1.43 0.29
Gross electric power output MWe 570.61 764.54 535.62
ASU consumption + O2 compression MWe 41.96 70.02 43.84
Gasification island power consumption MWe 7.91 9.69 8.55
CO2 capture, drying & compression MWe 6.49 56.5 16.88
Power island power Consumption MWe 21.11 20.52 23.28
Total ancillary power consumption MWe 77.47 156.72 92.55
Net electric power output MWe 493.13 607.82 443.07Gross electrical efficiency (D/A * 100) % 52.17 45.84 46.85
Net electrical efficiency (F/A * 100) % 45.09 36.44 38.76
Carbon capture rate % 0.00 91.56 99.45
CO2 specific emissions kg/MWe 766.74 58.87 3.01
Agenda
Aim of the study
Coal-based IGCC plants
Pre-combustion CCS based on CaL & CL
Case studies
Environmental assessment using LCA
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Three IGCC power plants with/without CCS have been investigated.
A “cradle-to-grave” approach was used for the three cases studied.
Eleven environmental impact categories (according to CML 2001)
were defined, calculated and compared.
The best scenario was chosen based on the technical and
environmental results.
Conclusions
Milano, 1-2 September 2015
Letiția PETRESCUletitiapetrescu@chem.ubbcluj.ro
Christoph MÜLLERristoph Müller
muelchri@ethz.ch
Calin-Cristian CORMOScormos@chem.ubbcluj.ro
"Advanced thermo-chemical looping cycles for the poly-generation of
decarbonised energy vectors: material synthesis and characterization,
process modeling and life cycle analysis".
Milano, 1-2 September 2015