Libraries/E-Libraries: Libraries/E-Libraries: Important Players inImportant Players in

International Education International Education effortsefforts

of both China and Southeast of both China and Southeast AsiaAsia

John Hickok, M.L.I.S., M.A.John Hickok, M.L.I.S., M.A.

Librarian / InstructorLibrarian / Instructor

California State University, Fullerton, California State University, Fullerton, USAUSA

4th APCELL Conference, Hong Kong, December 8, 2006

BackgroundBackground

Project:Project: 1-year travel grant to investigate the 1-year travel grant to investigate the internationalization of SEA & E Asia academic libraries.internationalization of SEA & E Asia academic libraries.

IntroductionIntroduction

Over the past decade, Over the past decade, universities in China and SEA universities in China and SEA have been increasing have been increasing international partnerships with international partnerships with universities in other countries. universities in other countries.

This has been a growing trend This has been a growing trend due to several factors.due to several factors.

Political FactorsPolitical Factors

Partnerships with foreign Partnerships with foreign institutions reflect the institutions reflect the ambassadorial goodwill of ambassadorial goodwill of China and SE Asian countries China and SE Asian countries and show their presence in and show their presence in the international community the international community

ScholarlyFactorsScholarlyFactors

partnerships bring the partnerships bring the exchange of scientific exchange of scientific information and the sharing information and the sharing of academic knowledgeof academic knowledge

Economic FactorsEconomic Factors

partnerships bring new partnerships bring new groups of students and groups of students and tuition revenue, as well as tuition revenue, as well as cost-savings from shared cost-savings from shared resourcesresources

Response of LibrariesResponse of Libraries

In light of this increase in In light of this increase in international education, international education, libraries and e-libraries at many libraries and e-libraries at many Chinese and SEA universities Chinese and SEA universities have expanded and adapted, in have expanded and adapted, in turn, to become important turn, to become important players in the process. players in the process.

• Bilateral library partnerships• Multilateral library partnerships

Bilateral Library Bilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 1:Example 1:

Universitas Bina Nusantara,Universitas Bina Nusantara,

IndonesiaIndonesia

Curtain University, Curtain University,

AustraliaAustralia

Bilateral Library Bilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 2:Example 2:

HKU-SPACEHKU-SPACE

HK, SAR, ChinaHK, SAR, China

California State UniversityCalifornia State University

(Fullerton), USA(Fullerton), USA

Bilateral Bilateral LibraryPartnershipsLibraryPartnerships

Example 3:Example 3:

Vietnam National UniversityVietnam National University

(Hanoi), Vietnam(Hanoi), Vietnam

Various libraries Various libraries

WorldwideWorldwide

Bilateral Bilateral LibraryPartnershipsLibraryPartnerships

Example 4:Example 4:

Malaysia University ofMalaysia University ofScience & TechnologyScience & TechnologyMalaysiaMalaysia

M.I.T. M.I.T. USAUSA

Bilateral Bilateral LibraryPartnershipsLibraryPartnerships

Example 5:Example 5:

Ateneo UniversityAteneo University

PhilippinesPhilippines

LaTrobe UniversityLaTrobe University

AustraliaAustralia

Bilateral Library Bilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 6:Example 6:

Liaoning UniversityLiaoning University

ChinaChina

Indiana State University, Indiana State University,

USAUSA

Bilateral Library Bilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 7:Example 7:

Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySun Yat-Sen University

ChinaChina

Harvard College LibraryHarvard College Library

USAUSA

Multilateral Library Multilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 1:Example 1:

ASEAN University Network Inter ASEAN University Network Inter Library Online (AUNILO).Library Online (AUNILO).

This library cooperative connects This library cooperative connects libraries throughout Southeast libraries throughout Southeast Asia for shared online catalogs Asia for shared online catalogs and research information.and research information.

Multilateral Library Multilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 2:Example 2:

Electronic Information for Libraries Electronic Information for Libraries (eIFL)(eIFL)

This cooperative assists libraries of This cooperative assists libraries of developing countries in negotiating developing countries in negotiating affordable subscriptions on a multi-affordable subscriptions on a multi-country consortium basis.country consortium basis.

Multilateral Library Multilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 3:Example 3:

Congress On Southeast Asian Libraries Congress On Southeast Asian Libraries (CONSAL)(CONSAL)

This international organization links This international organization links university libraries throughout Southeast university libraries throughout Southeast Asia together for information exchange, Asia together for information exchange, collaborative committee work (such as collaborative committee work (such as addressing common library problems), addressing common library problems), international conferences, and more.international conferences, and more.

Multilateral Library Multilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 4:Example 4:

International Federation of Libraries International Federation of Libraries AssociationAssociation

(IFLA): Asia Section(IFLA): Asia Section

IFLA is the professional library IFLA is the professional library association of the world, and the Asia association of the world, and the Asia section draws most of the prominent section draws most of the prominent libraries of China and Southeast Asia for libraries of China and Southeast Asia for the mutual “development of library and the mutual “development of library and information services” in the region.information services” in the region.

Multilateral Library Multilateral Library PartnershipsPartnerships

Example 5:Example 5:

Online Computer Library Center Online Computer Library Center (OCLC).(OCLC).

This is the worldwide library catalog This is the worldwide library catalog cooperative; by joining OCLC, cooperative; by joining OCLC, libraries have access to the records libraries have access to the records of nearly all other libraries, of nearly all other libraries, worldwide.worldwide.

Results of Libraries’ Results of Libraries’ effortsefforts

1. International resources are 1. International resources are more accessible.more accessible.

Outside books, articles, reports, Outside books, articles, reports, and data that might not have been and data that might not have been available to researchers in their available to researchers in their local library resources, suddenly local library resources, suddenly become available. become available.

Results of Libraries’ Results of Libraries’ effortsefforts

2. A transformation of library 2. A transformation of library usersusers

transforming from local transforming from local knowledge-bases, in their own knowledge-bases, in their own languages, to international languages, to international knowledge-bases, in English or knowledge-bases, in English or other languages.other languages.

ConclusionConclusion

1. As Chinese and Southeast Asian 1. As Chinese and Southeast Asian universities continue to seek universities continue to seek international partnerships, libraries international partnerships, libraries will likewise need to follow suit. will likewise need to follow suit.

ConclusionConclusion

2. The majority of libraries do not have 2. The majority of libraries do not have such partnerships. Why not? There such partnerships. Why not? There are obstacles...are obstacles...

Licensing contracts limiting partner accessLicensing contracts limiting partner access

Unequal flow of resource sharing Unequal flow of resource sharing (little return lending)(little return lending)

A void of dedicated library leadershipA void of dedicated library leadership

(library frequently lead by a faculty member (library frequently lead by a faculty member

with busy teaching responsibilities)with busy teaching responsibilities)

ConclusionConclusion

3. The future is exciting for libraries; they 3. The future is exciting for libraries; they are in key positions to be the catalysts are in key positions to be the catalysts for promoting international education for promoting international education (proactive, rather than reactive). (proactive, rather than reactive).

Thank youThank you