LESSON - 5chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in/ebook/syllabus/Hindi...61 LESSON - 5 Introduction • In this...

LESSON - 5

Introduction

• Inthislesson,youaregoingtolearnthebasicpatternsofHindi,whichwillenableyoutoinitiateconversation.

• YouwillnoticethatthestructuresofHindisentencesarecompletelydifferentwithEnglish.• WordorderinEnglishisSubject-Verb-Object(S→V→O)whereasinHindiitisSubject-

Object-Verb(S→O→V).• Asyouareaware,Englishlanguagehasprepositionssuchas—in,on,at,frometc.But,

Hindihaspostpositionssuchas—mẽ,par,se,ko,etc.Lookatthefollowingsentences:- dbukisaundṭebel. kita:bmezparhai. (Thebookisonthetable.)• HindiiswritteninDevanagariScript.• HindihastwogendersnamelyMasculineandFeminine.InHindi,genderofthesubject/

objectmay effect the sentence construction because adjective and verb agreewith thegenderofthesubjectandtheobject.

Unit I

Patternofsentencesintroduced

1.आप कौन ह ?a:p Kaun haĩ?Who are you?

म मोहन / छातर / भारतीय ह।maĩ mohan/cha:tra/bha:rtiya hũ:Iam Mohan/Student/Indian

2.आपका नाम कया ह ? a:pka: na:m kya: hai?What is your name?

मरा नाम मोहन ह।mera: na:m mohan hai.My name is Mohan

3.कया आप भारतीय ह ?Kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ?AreyouanIndian?

जी हा, म भारतीय ह। जी नही, म भारतीय नही ह।jihã:,maĩbha:rtiyahũ: jinahĩ:,maĩbha:rtiyanahĩ:hũ:Yessir,IamanIndian. Nosir,IamnotanIndian.

1.0 Text

अभिवादन और पररचयabhiva:dan aur parichayGreetings & Introduction

अधयापक : नमसत।adhya:pak : namaste.Teacher : Goodmorning.

छातर : नमसत। chha:tra : namasteStudent : Goodmorning.

अधयापक : म अधयापक ह। मरा नाम रवि ह। आपका नाम कया ह ? maĩadhya:pakhũ:.mera:na:mravihai.a:pka:na:mkya:hai?Iamateacher.MynameisRavi.Whatisyourname?

रोहन : मरा नाम रोहन ह।rohan : mera:na:mrohanhai.Rohan : MynameisRohan.

अधयापक : और आपका नाम कया ह ?aura:pka:na:mkya:hai?And,whatisyourname?

माररया : मरा नाम माररया ह।Mariya : mera:na:mma:riya:hai.Mariya : MynameisMaria.

अधयापक : और आपका ?aura:pka:?Andwhatisyourname?

डविड : मरा नाम डविड ह।devid : mera:na:mdevidhai.David : MynameisDavid.

अधयापक : म भारतीय ह। कया आप भी भारतीय ह ? maĩ:bha:rtiyahũ:.kya:a:pbhi:bha:rtiyahaĩ?IamanIndian.AreyoualsoanIndian?

रोहन : जी हा, म भी भारतीय ह। म तममलनाड का ह।ji:hã:,maĩbhi:bha:rtiyahũ:.maitamilna:du:ka:hũ:Yessir,IamalsoanIndian.IbelongtoTamilNadu.

अधयापक : माररया, कया आप भी भारतीय ह ?ma:riya:,kya:a:pbhi:bha:rtiyahaĩ?Maria,areyoualsoanIndian?

माररया : जी नही, म भारतीय नही ह। म रसी ह।ji:nahĩ:,maĩbha:rtiyanahi:hũ:.maĩ:ru:si:hũ:Nosir,IamnotanIndian.IamRussian.

अधयापक : डविड, कया आप भी रसी ह ?devid,kya:a:pbhi:ru:si:haĩ?David,areyoualsoRussian?

डविड : जी नही, म रसी नही ह। म जममन ह।ji:nahĩ:,maĩru:si:nahĩ:hũ:,maĩjarmanhũ:.Nosir,IamnotRussian.IamGerman.

अधयापक : म अधयापक ह। रोहन, आप कौन ह?maĩadhya:pakhũ:.rohan,a:pkaunhaĩ:?Iamateacher.Rohan,whoareyou?

रामन : जी, म छातर ह।ji:,maĩ,chha:trahũ:.Sir,Iamastudent.

अधयापक : डविड, कया आप भी छातर ह ?devid,kya:a:pbhi:chha:trahaĩ?David,Areyoualsoastudent?

डविड : जी हा, म भी छातर ह।ji:hã:,maĩ:bhi:chha:trahũ:.Yessir,Iamalsoastudent.

अधयापक : माररया, आप कौन ह ?ma:riya:,a:pkaunhaĩ?Maria,whoareyou?

माररया : जी, म पतरकार ह।ji:,maĩpatraka:rhũ:.Sir,Iamajournalist.

अधयापक : अचछा, धनयिाद।achchha:,dhanyava:d.Okay,thanks.

छातर / छातरा : धनयिाद।chha:tra/chha:tra: : dhanyava:d.Students : Thanks.

अधयापक : नमसत, फिर ममलग।namaste,phirmilẽngeBye,seeyou.

छातर / छातरा : नमसत, फिर ममलग।namaste,phirmilẽngeBye,seeyou.

1.1 Vocabulary

नमसत namaste greetings

अधयापक(m.) adhya:pak teacher

छातर(m.) chha:tr student

छातरा(f.) chha:tra: students

म maĩ I

मरा mera: my

नाम(m.) na:m name

आपका a:pka: your

कया kya: what

और aur and

भी bhi: also

भारतीय bhar:tiya indian

जी हा ji:hã: yessir/madam

जी नही ji:nahĩ: nosir/madam

अचछा achccha: well

धनयिाद dhanyava:d thankyou

पतरकार (m.) patraka:r journalist

1.2 Try to comprehend

1. a:pka:na:mkya:hai?2. kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ?3. kya:devidru:si:hai?4. ma:riya:kaunhai?5. adhya:pakka:na:mkya:hai?

1.3 Cultural Notes

(a) namaste: Itisanexpressionofgreeting,whilemeetingordepartureirrespectiveoftimeandpersonaddressedto.

(b) ji:: It is an honorific suffix used after nouns, kinships terms such as pita:ji:

(father)andprofessionssuchasma:sṭarji:(teacher)toexpressrespect.Itcanalsobeprefixedwithaffirmativeandnegativeresponses,suchasji:hã:andji:nahĩ:

1.4 Similar Expressions:

dhanyava:d–shukriya:

1.5 Grammar and Structure

1.5.1. Word order in a sentence

• ThewordorderofHindisentenceis:

S(subject) + O(object) + V(verb)

ram kha:na: kha:ta:hai.

Rameatsfood.

1.5.2. Pronouns :

Pronoun Possessivepronounmaĩ(Istperson)I mera:(my)a:p(IIndpersonHonorificplural)You a:pka:(your)

Seethesentencescarefully:

(i) maĩvaki:lhũ: mera:na:mjayanthai. Iamanadvocate MynameisJayant.

(ii) a:pinji:niyarhaĩ a:pkana:mmanoharhai. Youareanengineer YournameisManohar.

1.5.3 Possessive Pronouns

• PossessivepronounsinHindiagreewithnumberandgenderofthequalifyingnoun.

PossessivePronoun

MasculinesingularnounPossessivePronoun

FeminineSingularnoun

mera: beta:(son) meri: beṭi:(daughter)mera: ghar(house) meri: kita:b(book)a:pka: bhai:(brother) a:pki: bahan(sister)a:pka: chha:ta:(umbrella) a:pki: ghaṛi:(watch)

1.5.4 Identity

• Identityofapersoncanbeexpressedbyaddingsomesuffixesorka:/ke/ki:withtheplacenames,e.g.

ru:s → ru:si:

gujra:t → gujra:ti:

panja:b → panja:bi:

banga:l → banga:li:

lakhnau → lakhnau:ka:/ke/ki:

keral → keralka:/ke/ki:

Seetheexamples:

pareshgujra:tka:hai → pareshgujra:ti:hai

parmindarpanja:bka:hai → parmindarpanja:bi:hai

tarunra:jastha:nka:hai → tarunra:jastha:ni:hai

suja:ta:benga:lki:hai → suja:ta:benga:li:hai

antonaurpi:ṭarru:skehaĩ → antonaurpi:ṭarru:si:haĩ

daya:aurri:magujra:tki:haĩ→ daya:aurri:magujra:ti:haĩ

1.5.5. HonorificPronoun

‘a:p’isHonorificPronounwhichisusedforsingularaswellaspluralbutgrammaticallyitispluralsoitalwaystakespluralformoftheverb,e.g.a:pkaunhaĩ.

Inthissentenceverbहisusedinpluralbecauseofthehonorificnatureofpronoun.

Nowreadthefollowingsentencesandnotethedifference:

Pronoun Proper nouns Auxiliary Verb

dili:p

ramesh

si:ta:

Professions

maĩa:p

vaki:l(advocate)kala:ka:r(artist)vya:pa:ri:(trader)lekhak(writer)kavi(poet)

kisa:n(farmer)

hũ:haĩ

Nationality

maĩa:p

indianbalga:riyanpa:kista:ni:hangeriyannepa:li:

ausṭreliyan

hũ:haĩ

1.6 Exercise

1. Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket.

(mohan,bha:rtiya,vaki:l,kaun,adhya:pak)

a) si:ta……………………………hai.

b) mera:na:m…………………….hai.

c) a:p……………………………..haĩ?

d) ra:hul…………………………..hai.

e) pita:ji:…………………………..haĩ.

2. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoHindi

a) IamanAmerican.

b) IsyournameKavita?

c) Areyouastudent?

d) SimranisPunjabi.

e) MynameisJagdish.

Unit-II

PatternsofSentencesIntroduced

1.तम कस (m.) हो ? तम कसी (f.) हो ?tumkaiseho? tumkaisi:ho?Howareyou? Howareyou?

2.आप / वपताजी (m.) कस ह ? आप / माताजी (f.) कसी ह ?a:p/pita:ji:kaisehaĩ? a:p/ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?Howare/isyou/father? Howare/isyou/mother?

2.0 Text

आप कस ह ?a:pkaisehaĩ?Howareyou?

Inthisunit,youwilllearn,howwegreeteachother.

मीता : नमसत चाचाजी।mi:ta: : namastecha:cha:ji:Mita: : GoodMorning,Uncle.

चाचाजी : : नमसत मीता, तम कसी हो ?cha:cha:ji: : namastemi:ta:,tumkaisi:ho?Uncle: : Goodmorningmi:ta:.Howareyou?

मीता : म अचछछी ह। आप कस ह चाचाजी ?maĩachchhi:hũ:,a:pkaisehaĩcha:cha:ji:?Iamfine,Howareyouuncle?

चाचाजी : म बिलकल ठछीक ह ।maĩbilkulṭhi:khũ:.Iamalright.

मीता और चाची जी, आप कसी ह ?aurcha:chi:ji:,a:pkaisi:haĩ?Aunty,Howareyou?

चाचीजी : म भी ठछीक ह।cha:chi:ji: : maĩbhi:ṭhi:khũ:.Aunt: : Iamalsofine.

चाचाजी : : तमहार वपताजी क कया हालचाल ह ?tumha:repita:ji:kekya:ha:lcha:lhaĩ?Andhowisyourfather?

मीता : वपताजी भी अचछ ह।pita:ji:bhi:achcchehaĩ.Fatherisalsofine.

चाचाजी : और तमहारी माताजी ? ि कसी ह ?aurtumha:ri:ma:ta:ji:?vekaisi:haĩ?Andyourmother?Howisshe?

मीता : माताजी ठछीक नही ह। थोडी िीमार ह।ma:ta:jiṭhi:knahĩ:haĩ:.ṭhoṛibi:ma:rhaĩ.Motherisnotwell.Sheisnotfit.

चाचीजी : मोन िटा, तम कस हो ?monu:beṭa:tumkaiseho?Monu,Howareyou?

मोन : ठछीक ह, चाची जी।monu: : ṭhi:khũ:cha:chi:ji:Monu : Iamwell,Aunty.

चाचाजी : और सि लोग ठछीक ह ?cha:cha:ji: : aur:sablogṭhikhaĩ?

: Andwhataboutothers?Iseveryonefine?

मोन : जी चाचाजी, सि लोग ठछीक ह। अचछा, परणाम चाचाजी, परणाम चाचीजी।

ji: cha:cha:ji , sab log ṭhi:k haĩ . achcha: praṇa:m cha:cha:ji:,praṇa:mcha:chi:ji:.Yesuncle,allarefine.Okay.Goodbyeuncle,byeaunty.

चाचाजी : परणाम, खश रहो।praṇa:m,khushrahoGoodbye,Godblessyou.

2.1 Vocabulary

चाचाजी cha:cha:ji: Uncle

बिलकल bilkul absolutely

िीमार bi:ma:r sick

कसा kaisa: How

चाचीजी cha:chi:ji: Aunty

ठछीक ṭhi:k Fine

हालचाल(m.) ha:lcha:l Whatabout

थोडा ṭhoṛa: Alittle

परणाम praṇa:m Salutation

2.3 Try to comprehend

1. mi:ta:kaisi:hai?

2. mi:ta:ki:ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?

3. monu:kaisa:hai?

4. sablogkaisehaĩ?

2.4 Phrases

sabkaisehaĩ? Howiseveryone?sabṭhi:khai. Everyoneisfine.kya:ha:lcha:lhaĩ? Howarethethings?khushraho Behappy.(Wordsofblessingstoyoungstersinafamily)

2.5 Similar expressions

namaste namaska:rkhushraho ji:terahoachchha: ṭhi:k/ṭhi:k-ṭha:k

2.6 Cultural Notes:

(i) praṇa:m–itisasalutationforelders.

(ii) ThereareseveralrelationsinHindiequivalenttouncleandaunt,suchas–

cha:cha:-cha:chi: -father’syoungerbrotherandhiswife

ta:u-ta:i: -father’selderbrotherandhiswife

ma:ma:-ma:mi: -mother’sbrotherandhiswife

2.7 Grammatical Notes

2.7.1 Use of ‘kaisa:’

‘Kaisa:’isanInterrogativemarkerandisinflectedwiththegenderandnumberofthenounfollowed.

Mas.Sing. Ò kaisa:

Mas.Plural Ò kaise

Fem.Sing./Plu. Ò kaisi:

Seetheexamples.

ra:mkaisa:hai? HowisRam?

pita:ji:kaisehaĩ? HowisFather?

gi:ta:kaisi:hai? HowisGeeta?

ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ? Howismother?

• Only‘a:’endingadjectiveswillchangeona:/e:/i:patternaccordingtothegenderandnumberofthenounfollowed.Restoftheabjectiveswillremainunchanged.

‘a:’endingadjectives

Mas.Sing Mas.Plu. Fem.Sing. Fem.Plu.ka:la:(black) ka:le ka:li: ka:li:chhoṭa:(small) chhoṭe chhoṭi: chhoṭi:baṛa:(big) baṛe: baṛi: baṛi:

adjectivesotherthan‘a:’ending

Mas. Sing Mas. Plu. Fem. Sing. Fem. Plu.

sundar (beautiful) sundar sundar sundar

sa:f (clean) sa:f sa:f sa:f

la:l (red) la:l la:l la:l

2.7.2. ‘ji’asanhonorificparticlecanbeaddedtosurnamesandsomecommonnouns,e.g.

Surnames Commonnounsmishra:ji: neta:ji:saksena:ji: panditji:sharma:ji: guruji:gupta:ji adhya:pakji:

2.8. Exercise

1) Framesentencesbythegivenwords

i) pita:ji:Kaisehaĩ? pita:ji:achchhehaĩ. cha:cha:ji:/ma:ma:ji:/mohanji:ii) ma:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ? ma:ta:ji:achchhi:haĩ. cha:chi:ji:/na:ni:ji:/mausi:ji:

iii) mohankaisa:hai? mohanachchhahai.dharmendra / kishor / ra:jesh /amit

iv) ri:ta:kaisi:hai? ri:ta:achchhi:hai. gi:ta:/si:ta:/suman/nami:ta:

2) Makesentencesusingappropriateverbsfromcolumn‘B’

A Ba:p

adhya:pakji:

vini:ta:

ma:ma:ji:

ra:hul

kaisa:hai?

kaisehaĩ?

kaisi:ho?

kaisi:hai?

kaisi:haĩ?

3) Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket

(bi:ma:r,achchhi:,ṭhi:k,achchha:,kaise)

i) maĩ:----------------hũ:.

ii) vah---------------hai.

iii) mohanbilkul---------------------hai.

iv) a:p----------------haĩ?

v) ri:ta:ji:-------------haĩ.

4) GiveHindiequivalentsofthefollowingsentences

i) Howdoyoudo?

ii) Areyoufine?

iii) Isshealright?

iv) Iamhappy.

v) Weshallmeetagain.

vi) LavanyabelongstoRussia.

Unit III

Patternsofsentencesintroduced

1 यह कौन ह ? 2 य कौन ह ?yahkaunhai? yekaunhaĩ?Whoishe/she? Whoarethey?

3 िह कौन ह ? 4 ि कौन ह ?vahkaunhai? vekaunhaĩ?Whoishe/she? Whoarethey?

5 तम कौन हो ?tumkaunho?whoareyou?

3.0 Textयह कया ह ?yahkya:hai?Whatisthis?

अधयापक : : यह कया ह ?adhya:pak : yahkya:hai?Teacher: : Whatisthis?

रोहन : यह फकताि ह।rohan : yahkita:bhai.Rohan : Thisisabook.

अधयापक : िह कया ह ?vahkya:hai?Whatisthat?

रोहन : िह पड ह।vahpeṛhai.Thatistree.

अधयापक : यह कौन ह ?yahkaunhai?Whoisthisperson?

रोहन : यह राकश ह, यह मरा भाई ह।yahra:keshhai.yahmera:bha:i:hai.ThisisRakesh.Heismybrother.

अधयापक : िह कौन ह ?vahkaunhai?Whoisthatperson?

रोहन : िह गीता ह। िह मरी िहन ह।vahgi:ta:hai.vahmeri:bahanhai.ThatisGita.Sheismysister.

अधयापक : और य कौन ह ?auryekaunhaĩ?Andwhoarethese(persons)?

रोहन : य हमार परधानाचायम जी ह ।yehama:repradha:na:cha:ryaji:haĩ.Heisourprincipal.

अधयापक : और ि कौन ह ?aurvekaunhaĩ?Andwhoarethose(persons)?

रोहन : ि राम और शयाम ह। ि हमार दोसत ह।vera:maurshya:mhaĩ.vehama:redosthaĩ.ThoseareRamandShyam.Thoseareourfriends.

अधयापक : तम कौन हो ?tumkaunho?Whoareyou?

विकास : म विकास ह। म पतरकार ह।vika:s : maĩvika:shũ:.maĩpatraka:rhũ:Vikas : IamVikas.Iamajournalist.

3.1 Vocabulary

फकताि (f.) kita:b book

पड (m.) peṛ tree

कौन kaun who

िहन (f.) bahan sister

परधानाचायम (m.) pradha:na:cha:rya principal

दोसत / ममतर (m.) dost/mitra friend

पतरकार (m.) patraka:r journalist

3.2 Cultural Notes

InHindi,thirdpersonsingularcanbegivenrespectbyusingpluralformofthepronoun.

vekaunhaĩ? ve

sureshji:

mohanji:

gi:ta:ji:haĩ

Nouns of kinship terms such as cha:cha: /ma:ma: / da:da: / da:di: are also treated asgrammaticalplural,becauseoftheirhonorificnature.

3.3.1 Proper Nouns

rohan रोहन

ra:m राम

shya:m शयाम

vika:s विकास

gagan गगन

suresh सरश

sha:nti शातत

suman समन

kusum कसम

li:la: लीला

shri:devi: शीदिी

lata: लता

3.3.2 IIIrd Person Pronouns

यह / य(yah/ye)andिह / ि(vah/ve)arealsousedasdemonstrativepronouns.

यह / य (yah/ye)referstoproximityofobjectswhereas िह / ि(vah/ve)referstodistance.

यह / िह (yah/vah-this/that)isalsopronouncedasय / िो(ye/vo).

Seetheexamples:

yahkya:hai?

mezkaupi:pensilchashma:kursi:

vahkya:haĩ?

pa:ni:aspata:lnadi:sku:lmandirduka:n

Followingsentencescanbeexpandedinthismanner–

(i) yahkya:hai? → yahkita:bhai? → yahmeri:kita:bhai?(ii) kya:yahgharhai? → Ji:hã:,yahgharhai. → ji:nahĩ:,yahgharnahĩ:hai.

(iii) kya:yaha:pka:gharhai? → ji:hã:,yahmera:ghar

hai. → ji:nahĩ:,yahmera:gharnahĩhai.yaha:pka:gharhai.

3.3.3 Interrogative Pronouns:

• kaun(who)–itisusedforhumanbeings

• kya:-Itisusedforothers.

‘kya:’asanInterrogativePronouncanbeusedintwodifferentways:-

(i) Whenitisusedbeforetheverb,itseeksinformation.

yahkya:hai? yahkita:bhai.

yahta:la:hai.

yahcha:bi:hai.

yaha:mhai.

(ii) Whenitisusedinitially,itrequiresaffirmativeandnegativeresponse.

kya:yahkita:bhai? ji:,hã:,yahkita:bhai.

ji:,nahĩ:yahkita:bnahĩ:hai.

When‘kya:’isusedinitially,theintonationofthesentenceisraised.

3.3.4 Second Person Pronoun:

• Though‘tum’(IIndpersonpronoun) isusedforsingular, it isgrammaticallypluralandtakesaspecial‘auxiliary’‘होना’(tobe).

‘tum’isinformalandisnormallyusedforyoungsters.

3.3.5. Conjugation of the verb ‘hona’:

• Incopularsentencestheverb‘hona’isconjugatedaccordingtothenumberandpersonofthesubject.Seethechartbelow:-

Singular Plural

IstPersonmaĩ–hũ

I–am

ham–haĩ

We–are

IIndPersontu:–hai

you–are

tum–ho

a:p–haĩ}youare

IIIrdPersonyah/vah/ra:m/si:ta:hai

He/She/it–is

ye/ve/ra:maursi:ta:haĩ.

they-are

Seetheexamples:

maĩra:mhũ: hamra:maursi:ta:haĩtummohanho a:pmohanhaĩvahra:mhaivahsi:tahai

vera:maursitahaĩ

In Hindi, gender is notmarked on pronouns. There is no difference inmasculine andfeminine.eg.

yah-laṛka:(m.)hai. vah-kita:b(f.)hai. yah–laṛki:(f.)hai. vah-sku:l(m.)hai.

3.4 Exercise

(1) Readaloudthefollowingsentences:

yahkyahai?

yahkita:bhai.yahmezhai.yahsku:lhai.yahra:mhai.yahsi:ta:hai.yahmohanhai.

(2) WritedowntheHindiequivalentsofthefollowingwords.

this -------------------- what --------------------

that -------------------- who --------------------

new -------------------- is --------------------

your -------------------- are --------------------

(3) Makesentenceschoosingwordsfromeachcolumn:

yahvahveye

kita:ba:mmezkalampita:ji

3.5. Additional Vocabulary

Colours

लाल la:l red

नीला ni:la blue

पीला pi:la: yellow

सिद safed white

काला ka:la: black

हरा hara: green

गलािी gula:bi: pink

भरा bhu:ra: brown

छोटा chhoṭa: small,younger

गदा ganda: untidy

सदर sundar beautiful

मोटा moṭa: fatty

घोडा (m.) ghoṛa: horse

मज (f.) mez table

फकताि (f.) kita:b book

वपताजी pita:ji: father

माताजी ma:ta:ji: mother

परधानाचायम (m.) pradha:na:cha:rya principal

चशमा (m.) chashma spectacles

कससी (f.) kursi: chair

पानी (m.) pa:ni water

सकल (m.) sku:l school

नदी (f.) nadi: river

मददर (m.) mandir temple

घर (m.) ghar house

ताला (m.) ta:la: lock

चािी (f.) cha:bi: key

आम (m.) a:m mango

असपताल (m.) aspata:l hospital

दकान (f.) duka:n shop

Let’sCount

1 एक ek

2 दो do

3 तीन ti:n

4 चार cha:r

5 पाच pã:ch

6 छह chhai

7 सात sa:t

8 आठ a:ṭh

9 नौ nau

10 दस das

Recapitulation

Youhavelearntthefollowingpatternsinthislesson:

1. maĩ mohan

patraka:r

bha:rtiya

2 mera:na:m Mohan

gi:ta:

3. kya:a:pbha:rtiyahaĩ? jihã:,maĩ:bha:rtiyahũ:.

jinahĩ:,maĩ:bha:rtiyanahĩ:hũ:.

4. a:pkaisehaĩ:? maĩ:achchha:hũ:.

5. yah/vahkyahai? yah/vahphu:lhai.

6. ye/vekaunhaĩ? ye/vera:maursi:ta:haĩ.

6. tumkaunho? maĩ:mohanhũ:.

LESSON - 6

Unit – I

Patterns Introduced

PossessiveFormsofNouns

Pronouns MasculineSingular MasculinePlural FeminineSingular/Plural

म मरा मर मरी maĩ mera: mere meri:

तम तमहारा तमहार तमहारी tum tumha:ra: tumha:re tumha:ri:

िह उसका असक उसकी vah uska: uske uski:

कौन फकसका फकसक फकसकी kaun kiska: kiske kiski:

1.0 Text

मरा पररवारmera: pariva:r

My Family

म शखर ह। यह मरा पररिार ह। मरा पररिार छोटा ह।maĩShekharhũ:.yahmera:pariva:rhai.mera:pariva:rchhoṭa:hai.IamShekhar.Thisismyfamily.Myfamilyissmall.

हम चार लोग ह – म, मरी पतनी, मरी िटी और मरा िटा।hamcha:rloghaĩ-maĩ,meri:patni:,meri:beṭi:aurmera:beṭa:.Wearefourmembers-myself,mywife,mydaughterandmyson.

म िक म मनजर ह। मरी पतनी का नाम वपरया ह।maĩbaĩnkmẽmainejarhũ:.meripatni:ka:na:mpriya:hai.Iammanagerinabank.NameofmywifeisPriya.

िह अधयावपका ह। मरा िटा छोटा ह और िटी िडी ह।vahadhya:pika:hai.mera:beṭa:chhoṭa:haiaurbeṭi:baṛi:hai.Sheisateacher.Mysonisyoungerandmydaughteriselder.

िटी का नाम शतत ह। उसकी उमर आठ साल ह।beṭi:ka:na:mshrutihai.uski:umraa:ṭhsa:lhai.ThenameofmydaughterisShruti.Sheiseightyearsold.

िटा चार साल का ह। उसका नाम राघि ह। हमारा एक नौकर भी ह।beṭa:cha:rsa:lka:hai.uska:na:mra:ghavhai.hama:ra:eknaukarbhi:hai.SonisfouryearsoldandhisnameisRaghav.Wehaveaservantalso.

1.1 Vocabulary

पररिार (m.) pariva:r family

छोटा chhoṭa: small,younger

लोग log people,members

पतनी (f.) patni: wife

िटी (f.) beṭi: daughter

िटा (m.) beṭa: son

अधयावपका (f.) adhya:pika: teacher

िडा baṛa: big,elder

उमर / आय (f.) umra/a:yu age

नौकर (m.) naukar servant

1.2 Trytocomprehend

(i)shekharka:pariva:rkaisa:hai?

(ii)shekharkaunhai?

(iii)shekharki:patni:ka:na:mkya:hai?

(iv)shekharki:beṭi:ki:umrakya:hai?

(v)shekharki:patni:kya:hai?

(vi)shekharka:beṭakitna:baṛa:hai?

1.3 Grammar & Structure

1.3.1 PossessiveFormsofPronouns:

• InHindi,possessiveformsofpronounsaremadewiththehelpofpostposition‘ka:’.Seethetable

maĩ+ka: mera: my,mineham+ka: hama:ra: our,ourstum+ka: tumha:ra: your,yoursa:p+ka: a:pka: your,yoursvah+ka: uska: his,her,itsve+ka: unka: their,itsyah+ka: iska:(s.) his,her,itsye+ka: inka:(pl.) their,itskaun+ka: kiska:(s.) whosekaun+ka: kinka:(p.) whose

• ‘ka:’isapossessivepostposition.Itbehaveslike‘a:’endingadjectiveandagreeswiththenumberandgenderofthequalifyingnoun.Seetheexamples:

} ka: beṭa:si:ta:

sita:aurra:m

} ke beṭesi:ta:mohanaursi:ta:

} ki: beṭi:ra:dha:mohanaurra:dha:

• ‘kiska:’isthegenitiveformof‘kaun’(who)

yahkiska:gharhai? (whosehouseisthis?)

yekiske:gharhaĩ? (whosehousesarethese?)

• ‘kiska:’alsoagreeswiththenounitfollows:

kiska:ghar(m.) (whosehouse)

kiski:kita:b(f.) (whosebook)

kiske:kapṛe(m.p.) (whoseclothes)

kiski:kita:bẽ(f.p.) (whosebooks)

• Propernounsaswellasthepronounswhichareusedasadjectiveingenitivecase,doagreewiththenounswhichtheyfollow:

ga:yka:du:dh(m.s.) (cow’smilk)

sku:lkelaṛke(m.p.) (schoolboys)

madhuki:beṭi:(f.s.) (madhu’sdaughter)

• Butyoucanseethatwhen‘ka:’combineswith‘maĩ/ham/tum’,itchangesinto‘ra:’andtheformbecome-mera:/hama:ra:/tumha:ra:

Likewise,‘yah/vah/kaun’(singular)become‘is/us/kis’;and‘ye/ve/kaun’(plural)become‘in/un/kin’respectively.

1.4 Exercise:

1. Practicethesentencesbysubstitutingtheunderlinedwordsbywordsgiveninthebrackets:

i) kya:yaha:pka:sa:ma:nhai?

(ru:ma:l,ghar,dost,bha:i:)

ii) kya:yaha:pki:kami:jhai?

(ghaṛi:,ga:ṛi:,sai:kil,beṭi:,bahan)

2. FillintheblankswithsuitableformsofHindiequivalentsoftheEnglishwordsgiveninthebrackets:

i) yah_________pariva:r(m.)hai. (my)

ii) yah_________beṭa:(m.)hai (your)

iii) yah_________kamra:(m.)hai. (his)

iv) yah_________kita:b(f.)hai. (Ram’s)

v) yah_________naukar(m.)hai. (Mohan’s)

3. Practicethesentencessubstitutingunderlinedwordsbythewordsgiveninthebracket.

i) yahmera:gharhai. (uska:,a:pka:,hama:ra:)

ii) yahra:mka:beṭa:hai. (bha:i,dost,kamra:)

iii) yaha:mka:peṛhai: (amru:d,ana:r,seb)

iv) yahuski:kita:bhai. (meri:,tumha:ri:,unki:)

v) mera:parivarbaṛa:hai (achchha:,chhoṭa:,bahutbaṛa:)

4. Answerthequestionswiththehelpofthewordsgiveninthebracket:

i) yahkiska:gharhai? (ra:m:,mera:,uska:)

ii) yahkiski:ga:ṛi:hai? (mohanki:,hama:ri:,unki:)

iii) yahkiskekapṛehaĩ? (gi:take,tumha:re,uske)

iv) yekinkeju:tehaĩ? (pita:ji:ke,a:pke,unke)

Unit II

PatternsIntroduced:

PluralformationofNouns

MasculineNoun FeminineNoun

kamra:(m.s.) kamre(m.p.) ghaṛi(f.s.) ghaṛiyã:(f.p.)

ghar(m.s) ghar(m.p.) ma:la:(f.s.) ma:la:ẽ(f.p.)

ju:ta:(m.s.) ju:te(m.p.) guṛiya:(f.s.) guṛiyã:(f.p.)

2.0 Text

मरा दशmera: desh

My Country

भारत मरा दश ह।bha:ratmera:deshhai.Indiaismycountry.

यहा गगा, यमना, कािरी, नममदा आदद कई िडी नददया ह।yahã:ganga:,yamuna:,ka:veri:,narmada:a:dikai:baṛi:nadiyã:haĩ.TherearemanybigriverslikeGanga,Yamuna,KaveriandNarmada.

दहमालय और नीलगगरर आदद कई ऊच पिमत ह।hima:laya:aurni:lgiri:a:dikai:ũ:cheparvathaĩ.TherearehugemountainslikeHimalayaandNilgiri.

ददलली भारत की राजधानी ह। यह एक ऐततहामसक शहर ह।dilli:bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:hai.yahekaitiha:sikshaharhai.DelhiisthecapitalofIndia.Itisahistoricalcity.

पहल यह शहर मगलो की राजधानी भी था।pahaleyahshaharmuglõki:ra:jdha:ni:bhi:tha:Earlier,thiscitywasthecapitalofMughalsalso.

ददलली का एक पराचीन नाम इदरपरसथ भी ह।dilli:ka:ekpra:chi:nna:mindraprasthabhi:hai.

IndraprasthaisalsooneoftheancientnamesofDelhi.

यहा कई परमसद ध मददर और ऐततहामसक इमारत ह।yahã:kai:prasiddhamandirauraitiha:sikima:ratẽhaĩ.TherearemanyfamoustemplesandhistoricalmonumentsinDelhi.

बिरला मददर यहा का परमसद ध मददर ह।birla:mandiryahã:ka:prasiddhamandirhai:

BirlaMandirisafamoustemplehere.

कति मीनार, लाल फकला, जामा मससजद, शीशगज गरदिारा आदद ददलली की परानी इमारत ह।qutubmi:na:r,la:lquila:,ja:ma:masjid,shi:shganjgurudva:ra:a:didilli:ki:pura:ni:ima:ratẽhaĩ.Qutabminar,LalQila,JamaMasjid,ShishganjGurudwaraetc.areoldmonumentsofDelhi.

चादनी चौक यहा का मशहर िाजार ह।chã:ndni:chaukyahã:ka:mashhu:rba:za:rhai.ChandniChowkisthefamousmarketofDelhi.

यहा कई अचछ सकल और विशिविदयालय ह।yahã:kai:achchhesku:laurvishvavidya:layahaĩ.TherearemanygoodschoolsanduniversitiesinDelhi.

ददलली का आई.आई.टी. और अखखल भारतीय आयविमजान ससथान विशि परमसद ध ह।dilli:ka:I.I.T.aurakhilbha:rtiyaa:yurvigya:nsanstha:nvishvaprasiddhahaĩ.I.I.TandAllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciencesofDelhiareworldfamous.

महातमा गाधी की समागध राजघाट भी यही ह।maha:tma:ga:ndhi:ki:samadhira:jgha:tbhi:yahĩ:hai.Rajghat,thememorialofMahatmaGandhi,isalsosituatedhere.

ददलली एक िहत साि-सथरा और सदर शहर ह।dilli:ekbahutsa:f-suthra:aursundarshaharhai.Delhiisaverycleanandbeautifulcity.

2.1 Vocabulary

भारत (m.) bha:rat India

दश (m.) desh country

नदी (f.) nadi: river

ऊचा ũ:cha: high

पिमत (m.) parvat mountain

राजधानी (f.) ra:jdha:ni: capital

ऐततहामसक aitiha:sik historical

शहर (m.) shahar city

पराचीन pra:chi:n ancient

विशिपरमसद ध vishvaprasiddha worldfamous

कई kai: many

मददर (m.) mandir temple

इमारत (f.) ima:rat building

पराना pura:na: old

विशिविदयालय (m.) vishvavidya:laya university

अखखल भारतीय आयविमजान ससथान (m.)

akhilbha:rtiyaa:yurvigya:nsanstha:n

AllIndiainstituteofMedicalScience(AIIMS)

समागध (f.) sama:dhi(f.) mausoleum

साि सथरा sa:fsuthra: neatandclean

2.2 Trytocomprehend:

1. bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:kya:haĩ?

2. bha:ratki:pramukhnadiyã:kaun-kaunsi:haĩ?

3. dilli:kidoima:ratõkena:mkya:hai?

4. dilli:kemashhu:rba:za:rka:na:mkya:hai?

5. maha:tma:ga:ndhi:ki:sama:dhika:na:mkya:hai?

2.3.1 Gender

InHindi,allthenounsareeithermasculineorfeminine.GenderinHindiisarbitraryandgrammatical.Incaseofinanimatenouns,‘a’and‘a:’endingnounsaremostlymasculineand‘i’and‘i:’endingnounsaremostlyfeminine.

‘a’endingnouns ‘a:’endingnounspeṛ(tree) kela:(banana)seb(apple) santra:(orange)patthar(stone) paisa:(coin)ghar(house) kamra:(room)mandir(temple) darva:za:(door)

Nounsendingin‘i’and‘i:’aregenerallyfeminine:

‘i’endingnouns ‘i:’endingnounsni:ti(policy) kursi:(chair)ri:ti(manner) miṭha:i:(sweet)mu:rti(idol) ga:ṛi:(vehicle)sama:dhi(mausoleum) ghaṛi:(watch)vidhi(method) roṭi:(chapatti)

2.3.2 PluralFormationofNouns

In Hindi, bothmasculine and feminine nouns have singular and plural forms. For thepurposeofpluralformation,masculinenounscanbegroupedintotwoclasses:A.a:endingnouns;B.otherthana:endingnouns.Theruletochangethenumberofamasculinenounissimple.Ifmasculinenounisa:ending,a:willchangeinto‘e’;andifthenounisotherthana:ending,itwillremainunchangedwhilemakingpluralform.

MasculineNouns

A Ba:endingnouns otherthana:endingnouns

laṛka: Ò laṛke seb Ò seb

kamra: Ò kamre phu:l Ò phu:l

beṭa: Ò beṭe a:dmi: Ò a:dmi:

ghoṛa: Ò ghoṛe ghar Ò ghar

kutta: Ò kutte parvat Ò parvat

bachcha: Ò bachche desh Ò desh

• Youcanseeintheaboveexamplesthatonly‘a:’endingmasculinenounschangeinto‘e’forplural.Restofthenounsdonotchangeinplural.

Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyobservingtheunderlinedwords:

yahekkela:hai. yecha:rkelehaĩ.

yahekrupaya:hai. yedasrupayehaĩ.

yahekghoṛa:hai. yenaughoṛehaĩ.

yahbara:darva:za:hai. yebaṛedarva:zehaĩ.

yaheklifa:fa:hai. yea:ṭhlifa:fehaĩ.

mera:ekbeṭa:hai. meredobeṭehaĩ.

uskeekbha:i:hai. usketi:nbha:i:haĩ.

ra:mka:ekgharhai. ra:mketi:ngharhaĩ.

• YoushouldalsonotethatsomeSanskritoriginwordsandsomewordsdenotingrelationsdonotchangeinpluraleventhoughtheyarea:ending.Seetheexamples:

Sanksritorigin words

singular plural

ra:ja:(king)neta:(leader)

ra:ja:neta:

Nochange

Kinshipwords

da:da:(paternalgrandfather)na:na:(maternalgrandfather)ma:ma:(mother’sbrother)cha:cha:(father’sbrother)

da:dana:nama:macha:cha:

Nochange

• Where,thereisaneedtospecifyreferencestomorethanoneperson,generally‘log’wordisaddedtothenoun,e.g.

naukarlog(servants); neta:log(leaders)

Feminine Nouns

According to their endings, we can divide feminine nouns into two groups in pluralformation.

i/i:ending Restofthenouns

ri:ti(manner) Ò ri:tiyã: bahan(sister) Ò bahanẽ

gati(speed) Ò gatiyã: duka:n(shop) Ò duka:nẽ

vidhi(method) Ò vidhiyã: mez(table) Ò mezẽ

ja:ti(caste) Ò ja:tiyã: kita:b(book) Ò kita:bẽ

sa:ṛi:(dress) Ò sa:ṛiyã: lata:(creeper) Ò lata:ẽ

ga:ṛi:(vehiceles) Ò ga:ṛiyã: vadhu:(bride) Ò vadhuẽ

beṭi:(daughter) Ò beṭiyã: vastu(article) Ò vastuẽ

patni(wife) Ò patniyã: guṛiya:(doll) Ò guṛiyã:

nadi:(river) Ò nadiyã: buṛhiya:(oldlady) Ò buṛhiyã:

kursi:(chair) Ò kursiyã: kavita:(poems) Ò kavita:ẽ

ni:ti(policy) Ò ni:tiyã: ma:la(garland) Ò ma:la:ẽ

mu:rti(idol) Ò mu:rtiyã: dava:(medicines) Ò dava:ẽ

Youshouldbecarefulwhilemakingpluralformsof‘i:’/‘u:’endingnouns.Thelong‘i:’/‘u:’areshortenedwhilemakingpluralforms.e.g.

nadi:(river) Ò nadiyã:

chiṭṭhi:(letter) Ò chiṭṭhiyã:

bahu:(daughterinlaw) Ò bahuẽ

Nowreadthefollowingsentencescarefullyobservingthewordsunderlined–

yahlaṛki:sundarhai. Ò yelaṛkiyã:sundarhaĩ.

yahmeri:kita:bhai. Ò yemeri:kita:bẽhaĩ.

hindi:achchhi:bha:ṣa:hai. Ò tamilaurhindiachchhi:bha:ṣa:ẽhaĩ.

yahã:ekchiṛiya:hai. Ò vahã:kuchhchiṛiyã:haĩ.

2.4 Exercise:

1. Givetheplurals

kita:b(f.) __________ di:va:r(f.) __________

kursi:(f.) __________ pankha:(m.) __________

darva:za(m.) __________ beṭa:(m.) __________

mez(f.) __________ ghaṛi:(f.) __________

ma:ta:(f.) __________ vadhu:(f.) __________

ghar(m.) __________ peṛ(m.) __________

2. Fillintheblanks

eklaṛki: __________ laṛkiyã: (10)

ekghar: __________ ghar (4)

chhaimezẽ __________ mez (1)

ekkutta: __________ kutte (3)

3. Fillintheblankswithappropriatepluralforms

i) yahmeri:kita:bhai. yemohanki:__________haĩ.

ii) yahekguṛiya:hai. vepã:ch__________haĩ.

iii) vaha:mka:peṛhai. vea:mke__________haĩ.

2.5 Additional Vocabulary

कपडा (m.) kapṛa: cloth

कमरा (m.) kamra: room

िहत bahut very

जता (m.) ju:ta: shoe

परमख pramukh main

कतता (m.) kutta: dog

िचचा (m.) bachcha child

सि (m.) seb apple

िल (m.) phu:l flower

आदमी (m.) a:dmi: person

घर (m.) ghar house

कला (m.) kela: bana:na:

दरिाजा (m.) darva:za: gate

मलिािा (m.) lifa:fa: envelope

गचडडया (f.) ciṛiya: bird

2.5.1Let’scount

11 गयारह gya:rah Final‘h’isnotpronouncedinHindi.Soallthenumbersendingin‘h’alongwithchhaharepronouncedas-

6-chhai

11-gya:ra:

12-ba:ra:

13-tera:

14-chauda:

15-pandra:

16-sola:

17-satra:

18–aṭha:ra:

12 िारह ba:rah

13 तरह terah

14 चौदह chaudah

15 पदरह pandrah

16 सोलह solah

17 सतरह satrah

18 अठारह aṭha:rah

19 उननीस unni:s

20 िीस bi:s

2.5.2Daysoftheweek

सोमिार somva:r Monday

मगलिार mangalva:r Tuesday

िधिार budhva:r Wednesday

गरिार / िहसपततिार guruva:r/brihaspativa:r Thursday

शकरिार shukrava:r Friday

शतनिार shaniva:r Saturday

रवििार / इतिार raviva:r /itva:r Sunday

Recapitulation1.PossessiveformsofNounsandpronouns

1.1 ra:mka:si:ta:ka

beṭa

ra:mki:si:ta:ki

beṭi:

ra:mkesi:ta:ke

beṭe

ra:mki:si:ta:ki:

beṭiyã:

1.2 mera: mere meri:tumha:ra: tumha:re tumha:ri:uska: uske uski:

2. Pluralformofnouns

MasculineNouns FeminineNouns

kamra: kamre beṭi: beṭiyã:

darva:za darva:ze miṭha:i: miṭha:iyã:

ghar ghar ri:ti ri:riyã:

bha:i: bha:i: chiṛiya: chiṛiyã:

a:dmi: a:dmi: kita:b kita:bẽ

LESSON - 7

Unit - I

Inthisunitthefollowingstructuresareintroduced:

1.LocativeCase(Postposition‘mẽ’and‘par’

Aफकताि कहा ह ? फकताि मज पर ह।kita:bkahã:hai? kita:bmezparhai.Whereisthebook? Thebookisonthetable.

Bगीता कहा ह ? गीता ददलली म ह।gi:ta:kahã:hai? gi:ta:dilli:mẽhai.WhereisGeeta? GeetaisinDelhi.

2.Compoundpostposition

क सामन क नीचkesa:mne keni:cheInfrontof below

1.0 Text

जादगर और सचचनja:du:gar aur sachinMagician and Sachin

जादगर : यह कया ह ?ja:du:gar : yahkya:hai?Magician : Whatisthis?

सगचन : यह टोकरी ह।sachin : yahṭokri:hai.Sachin : Thisisabasket.

जादगर : टोकरी कहा ह ?ṭokri:kahã:hai?Whereisthebasket?

सगचन : टोकरी मज पर ह।ṭokri:mezparhai.Basketisonthetable.

जादगर : टोकरी म फकतन आम ह ?ṭokri:mẽkitnea:mhaĩ?Howmuchmangoesarethereinthebasket.

सगचन : टोकरी म तीन आम ह।ṭokri:mẽti:na:mhaĩ.Therearethreemangoesinthebasket.

जादगर : अि टोकरी कहा ह ?abṭokri:kahã:hai?Nowwhereisthebasket?

सगचन : अर ! टोकरी तो अि पड पर ह।are!ṭokri:toabpeṛparhai.Oh!Basketisonthetreenow.

जादगर : और टोकरी म कया ह ?aurṭokri:mẽkya:hai?Andwhatisinthebasket?

सगचन : टोकरी म चार गचडडया ह।ṭokri:mẽcha:rchiṛiyãhaĩ.Therearefourbirdsinthebasket.

जादगर : अि टोकरी म कया ह ?abṭokri:mẽkya:hai?Andwhatisinthebasketnow?

सगचन : अर िाह ! अि टोकरी म ममठाइया और िल ह।areva:h!abṭokri:mẽmiṭha:iyã:aurphalhaĩ.Wow!Therearesweetsandfruitsinthebasketnow.

जादगर : इस थल म कया ह ?isthailemẽkya:hai?Whatisthereinthisbag?

सगचन : मरी फकताि ह।meri:kita:bẽhaĩ.Mybooks.

जादगर : अि थल म कया ह ?abthailemẽkya:hai?Whatisthereinthisbagnow?

सगचन : एक रमाल ह।ekru:ma:lhai.Ahandkerchief.

जादगर : रमाल का रग कया ह ?ru:ma:lka:rangkya:hai?Whatisthecolourofhandkerchief?

सगचन : रमाल का रग नीला ह।ru:ma:lka:rangni:la:hai.Handkerchiefisofbluecolour.

सगचन : लफकन मरी फकताि कहा ह ?lekinmeri:kita:bẽkahã:haĩ?Butwherearemybooks?

जादगर : तमहारी फकताि सामन ह।tumha:ri:kita:bẽsa:mnehaĩ.Yourbooksarethere.

सगचन : यह तो सचमच जाद ह!yahtosachmuchja:du:hai!Thisisreallyamazing!

1.1 Vocabulary

जादगर(m.) ja:dugar magician

टोकरी (f.) ṭokri: basket

कहा kahã: where

पर par on

फकतना kitna: howmuch

गचडडया (f.) chiṛiya: bird

ममठाइया (f.) mitha:iyã sweets

िल (m.) phal fruit

थला (m.) thaila: bag

रमाल (m.) ru:mal handkerchief

रग rang colour

नीला ni:la: blue

सामन sa:mne infrontof

सचमच sachmuch really

जाद (m.) ja:du: magic

1. ṭokri:kahã:hai?

2. ṭokri:mẽkitnea:mhaĩ?

3. ṭokri:mẽkitni:chiṛiyã:haĩ?

4. thailemẽkya:hai?

5. ru:ma:lka:rangkya:hai?

1.3 Grammar & structure

1.3.1 Postposition‘म’and‘पर’

• Postpositionम(in)isusedtodenotelocationorpresenceofsomethinginorwithin.

e.g. मरा घर मिई म ह। mera:gharmumbai:mẽhai. MyhouseisinMumbai.

मरी िटी सकल म ह। meri:beṭi:sku:lmẽhai. Mydaughterisinschool.

• Postpositionपर(on)isalsousedtodenotelocationorpositionofsomethingkeptabove.

e.g. कागज मज पर ह। ka:gazmezparhai. Paperisonthetable.

िदर पड पर ह। bandarpeṛparhai Monkeyisonthetree.

• UnlikeEnglish,‘mẽ’(in)and‘par’(on)areplacedafterthenounse.g.–gharmẽ(inthehouse),di:va:rpar(onthewall).Hence,theyarecalledpostpositions.

1.3.2 CompoundPostpositions

Thefollowingcompoundpostpositionsarealsousedforlocation/direction.

क सामन kesa:mne before,infrontof

क पीछ kepi:chhe behind

क दाए keda:ẽ ontheright

क िाए keba:ẽ ontheleft

क पास kepa:s nexttoclose

क यहा keyahã: here

क िहा kevahã: there

क ऊपर keu:par above

क नीच keni:che below

Seetheexamples:

बिलली पलग क नीच ह। billi:palangkeni:chehai. Thecatisunderthetable.

छत क ऊपर एक कमरा ह। chhatkeu:parekkamra:hai Thereisoneroomontheroof.

घर क सामन पाकम ह। gharkesa:mnepa:rkhai. Theparkisinfrontofthehouse.

सकल क पीछ दकान ह। sku:lkepi:chheduka:nhai. Theshopisbehindtheschool.

Observethesentencescarefully–

phalkahã:haĩ? phalṭokri:mẽhaĩ.

Wherearethefruits? Fruitsareinthebasket.

na:vkahã:hai? na:vnadi:mẽhai.

Whereistheboat? Boatisintheriver.

kapṛekahã:haĩ? kaprealma:ri:mẽhaĩ.

Wherearetheclothes? Clothesareinthealmirah.

ra:dha:kahã:hai? ra:dha:gharparhai.

WhereisRadha? Radhaisinthehouse.

kita:bkahã:hai? kita:bmezparhai.

Whereisthebook? Bookisonthetable.

tota:kahã:hai? tota:perkeu:parhai.

Whereistheparrot? Parrotisonthetree.

1.4 Exercise

1. Answerthefollowingquestionsaspermodelgiven:

a:pka:gharkahãhai?(dilli:mẽ) meraghardilli:mẽhai.

r:ammohansi:ta:mohit

ka:gharkahã:hai?

idharyahã:nadi:kepa:rgã:vmẽ

2. Let’srevisepluralformationofnouns

Singular Pluralhama:ra:ghar hama:reghar

tumha:ra:shahar tumha:reshaharekphu:l sa:tphu:luska:kamra uskekamremera:beṭa: merebeṭeekkita:b cha:rkita:bẽekkursi: dokursiyã:ekatithi chhaiatithi

3. Make10sentencesfromthefollowingtable:

hama:remerera:mkeshi:la:ke

ghar kepi:chhesa:mnea:ge

pa:rkmandirmaida:n

Unit-II

Inthislesson,thefollowingstructuresareintroduced.

ExpansionofNounphrase:

कमरा िडा कमरा मरा िडा कमराkamra: baṛa:kamra: mera:baṛa:kamra:Room Bigroom Mybigroom

कमरा िडा कमरा िड कमर म मर / मोहन क िड कमर मkamra: baṛa:kamra: baṛekamremẽ mere/mohankebaṛekamremẽRoom Bigroom Inthebigroom Inmy/Mohan’sbigroom

2.0 Text

हमारा घरhama:ra: ghar

Our house

हमारा घर ददलली शहर म ह। ददलली भारत की राजधानी ह।hama:ra:ghardilli:shaharmẽhai.dilli:bha:ratki:ra:jdha:ni:hai.OurhouseisinthecityofDelhi.DelhiisthecapitalofIndia.

हमारा घर शहर क िीच म ह। घर क सामन दकान ह।hama:ra:gharshaharkebi:chmẽhai.gharkesa:mneduka:nẽhaĩ.Ourhouseislocatedinthecentreofthecity.Thereareshopsinfrontofourhouse.

घर क दाई ओर िालमकद का घर ह और िाई ओर गोपाल का घर।gharkeda:ĩ:orba:lmukundka:gharhai.aurba:ĩ:orgopa:lka:ghar.OntherightsideofthehousethereisBalmukund’shouseandontheleftGopal’shouse.

हमार घर क पास एक िडा पाकम ह। उस पाकम क पास ही िस सटड ह।hama:regharkepa:sekbaṛa:pa:rkhai.uspa:rkkepa:shi:basstaindhai.Thereisabigparknearourhouse.Busstandisveryneartothatpark.

हमार घर म दो मसजल ह। इसम चार कमर ह, दो नीच ह और दो ऊपर।hama:regharmẽdomanjilẽhaĩ.ismẽcha:rkamrehaĩ,doni:chehaĩaurdou:par.Therearetwofloorsinourhouse.Ithasfourrooms–twoonthegroundfloorandtwoontheupperfloor.

मरा कमरा िडा ह। मर कमर म एक पलग ह, एक मज ह और दो कमसमया ह।mera:kamra:baṛa:hai.merekamremẽekpalanghaĩ,ekmezhaiaurdokursiyã:haĩ.Myroomisbig.Thereisacot,atableandtwochairsinmyroom.

मर िट का कमरा छोटा ह। िह दसरी मसजल पर ह। merebeṭeka:kamra:chhota:hai.vodu:sri:manjilparhai.Myson’sroomissmall.Itisonthesecondfloor.

पहली मसजल पर एक िठक ह। िह पढन का कमरा भी ह।pahali:manjilparekbaiṭhakhai.vopaṛhnekakamra:bhihai.Onthefirstfloorthereisadrawingroom.Itisreadingroomalso.

मरी सारी फकताि िहा अलमारी म ह। चौथा कमरा अततगथ ककष ह।meri:sa:ri:kita:bẽvahã:alma:ri:mẽhaĩ.chautha:kamra:atithikakshahai.Allmybooksarethereinthealmirah.Fourthroomisforguests.

उसम दो पलग, दो मज और दो कमसमया ह।usmẽdopalang,domezẽaurdokursiyã:haĩ.Therearetwocots,twotablesandtwochairsinthatroom.

हमार घर क पीछ एक छोटा िाग ह।hama:regharkepi:cheekchhota:ba:ghai.Thereisasmallgardenbehindourhouse.

घर क चारो ओर थोडी जगह ह। िहा गलाि क िल ह।gharkecha:rõorṭhoṛi:jagahhai.vahã:gula:bkephu:lhaĩAlittlespaceistherearoundthefoursidesofthehouse.Roseflowersarethere.

2.1 Vocabulary

शहर (m.) shahar city

राजधानी (f.) ra:jdha:ni: capital

िीच म bi:chmẽ inthemiddle

दाई ओर da:ĩ:or intherightside

िाई ओर ba:ĩ:or intheleftside

पास pa:s near

मसजल (f.) manjil floor

पलग (m.) palang bed

मज (f.) mez table

कमरा (m.) kamra: room

कससी (f.) kursi: chair

सारी sa:ri: all

अततगथ (m.) atithi guest

िाग (m.) ba:g garden

थोडी thoṛi: alittle

गलाि (m.) gula:b rose

िल (m.) phu:l flower

छोटा chhota: small

2.1.1 Givenbelowarecardinalnumbers.Itwillbediscussedlater.

पहला pahla: first

दसरा du:sra: second

तीसरा ti:sra: third

चौथा chautha: fourth

1. gharkahã:hai?

2. gharmẽkitnekamrehaĩ?

3. u:parkiska:kamra:hai?

4. gharkepi:chhekya:hai?

5. gula:bkephu:lkahã:haĩ?

2.3 Grammar & Structure

2.3.1 Obliqueformsofnouns

Readthesentencescarefully:

yahkamra:hai kamremẽpalanghaiThisisaroom. Thereisabedintheroom.yahmera:beṭa:hai merebeṭeka:na:msu:rajhaiThisismyson. ThenameofmysonisSuraj.yahaspata:lhai aspata:lmẽnarshaiThisisahospital. Thereisanurseinthehospitalyahgharhai gharmẽsa:ma:nhaiThisisahouse. Therearethingsinthehouse.

Youwillnoticethatonly‘आ’endingmasculinesingularnounschangeinto‘ए’whentheseare followed by a post position. Rest of the nouns do not change even if followed by a postposition.Infemininenouns,thereisnochangewhenapostpositionisattached.Forexample:

duka:n(f.)mẽ (intheshop)

mez(f.)par (onthetable)

kursi:(f.)par (onthechair)

alma:ri:(f.)mẽ (inthealmirah)

ThenounswhichareusedwithoutpostpositionarecalledDirectformsofnounswhereasnounswhichareusedwithpostpositionarecalledIndirectorObliqueformsofnoun.

e.g. yahmera:beta:hai Directnoun Thisismyson.

merebeteka:na:msu:rajhai. Indirect/Obliquenoun ThenameofmysonisSuraj.

Whenpostpositionoccursthereisaslightchangeinobliqueformsofsomenouns.‘आ’endingmasculinesingularnounsarechangedinto‘ए’whenitisfollowedbyapostposition.Restofthenounsdonotchange.Seethetable:

‘a’endingDirectNouns(withoutpostposition)

ObliqueNouns(withpostposition) ChangeआÒए

rupaya: rupaya:+mẽ rupayemẽbeṭa: beṭa:+ka: beṭeka:ghoṛa: ghoṛa:+par ghoṛepardarva:za: darva:za:par darva:zepar

Directformofnouns(masculinewithpostposition)

Obliqueformofnouns

Nochange

Directformofnouns(Feminine)withpostposition

Obliqueformofnouns

Nochangeghar+mẽ gharmẽ kita:b+ka: kita:bka:naukar+ka: naukarka: bahan+ka: bahanka:a:dmi:+ki: a:dmi:ki: beṭi:+ki: beṭi:ki:sa:dhu+ka: sa:dhuka: mez+par mezparpalang+par palangpar alma:ri:+mẽ alma:ri:mẽ

Youmusthavenoticedthattheobliqueformsofnon‘आ’endingmas.nounsaswellasfemininenounsremainunchanged.Youshouldnotbeconfusedwithpluralformsof‘ए’endingmas.nounswiththeobliqueformof‘आ’endingmasculinenouns.

Singular(Direct) Plural(Direct) ObliqueformofSingularNouneklaṛka: dola:ṛke laṛkeka:ekbeṭa: dobeṭe beṭeka:darva:za: darva:ze darva:zeparkamra: kamre kamremẽ

2.3.2 Oblique Forms of Adjectives

ExpansionofNounPhrase

Likeall-आendingmasculinenouns,-आendingadjectivesalsochangeto-एendingwhenfollowedbyapostposition.Seetheexamples:

baṛa:laṛka Ò baṛelaṛkeka:

achchha:ghar Ò achchhegharmẽ

mera:baṛa:laṛka: Ò merebaṛelaṛkeki:

ra:mka:pura:nagharÒ ra:mkepura:negharmẽ

Butnon‘आ’endingadjectivesareinvariable.Theydonotchangeatall.

yahchhoṭi:ṭokri:hai Ò chhoṭi:ṭokri:mẽa:mhaĩThisisasmallbasket. Therearemangoesinthesmallbasket.

yahsundarlaṛki:hai Ò sundarlaṛki:ki:sa:ri:nai:hai.Thisisabeautifulgirl. Thebeautifulgirliswearinganewsari.

Oblique forms of Adjectives

-aending Ò changesto-eending

achchha:laṛka: Ò achchhelaṛkeka:

ka:la:kapṛa: Ò ka:lekapṛemẽ

Non–a:ending Ò Nochange

sundarlaṛki: Ò sundarlaṛki:ka:kamra:

khara:bghaṛi: Ò khara:bghaṛi:kisui:

Seetheexamples:

1.yahaspata:lhai

Thisisahospital.

aspata:lmẽnarsẽhaĩ.

Therearenursesinthehospital.

2.yahsandu:khai.

Thisisabox.

sandu:kmẽsa:ma:nhai.

Thereisluggageinthebox.

3.yemereguru:haĩ.

Thisismyteacher

yahmereguru:ka:gharhai.

Thisismyteacher’shouse.

4.yahmera:ma:li:hai.

Thisismygardener.

ma:li:ka:gharchhota:hai.

Thehouseofthegardenerissmall.

5.yahmeri:guṛiya:hai.

Thisismydoll.

guṛiya:ka:da:mpacha:srupayehai.

Thecostofthedollisfiftyrupees.

Youhavealreadyknown that ‘आ’endingmas. singularnounschange inoblique formsbutkinshipstermslikema:ma:,cha:cha:,da:da:etc.remainunchangedinpluralandinobliquesingular.e.g.

Kinshipterms Pluralform Obliqueforms Obliqueformsra:ja: dora:ja ra:ja:ka:mehal ra:ja:kemehalmẽcha:cha: docha:cha: cha:cha:ki:beṭi: cha:cha:ki:beṭi:ne

Nowobservethesesentences:

ra:ja:(m.) ra:ja:kemehalmẽkai:kamrehaĩ Therearemanyroomsintheking’spalace.

neta:(m.) neta:kebeṭeka:na:mgopa:lhai Thenameofleader’ssonisGopal.

na:na:(m.) na:na:ki:mezpardokita:bẽhai. Therearetwobooksonthegrandfather'stable.

cha:cha:(m.) cha:chakegharmẽbahutloghaĩ. Therearemanypeopleinuncle’shouse.

2.4 Exercise

1. FilluptheblankswithappropriateformsofHindiequivalentsofthegivenwords:-

i) mera:sa:ma:n………………..kamremẽhai.(big)

ii) bha:i:sa:hab………………..gharmẽhaĩ.(old)

iii) ………………..topi:ka:da:mkya:hai?(red)

(iv) ………………..kita:bmẽbi:spa:ṭhhaĩ.(new)

(v) ………………..mẽrupayenahi:haĩ.(envelope)

2. Filluptheblankswithproperformofnounsfollowedbypostpositiongivenwithinbrackets.

i) ………………..dokelemiltehaĩ. (intenrupees)

ii) ………………..bahutsa:ri:sa:ṛiyã:haĩ.(inthealmirah)

iii) ………………..achchhi:kavita:yẽhaĩ.(inthebook)

iv) yahmera:kamra:hai………………..cha:rkursiyã:haĩ.(intheroom)

v) mezparlifa:fa:hai………………..ti:srupayehaĩ.(Intheenvelope)

2.5 Additional Vocabulary

2.5.1 Basiccolours

सिद safed white

काला ka:la: black

नीला ni:la: blue

हरा hara: green

लाल la:l red

पीला pi:la: yellow

भरा bhu:ra: brown

2.5.2 Let’scount

21 इककीस ikki:s

22 िाईस ba:i:s

23 तईस tei:s

24 चौिीस chaubi:s

25 पचचीस pachchi:s

26 छबिीस chhabbi:s

27 सतताईस satta:i:s

28 अट ठाईस aṭṭha:i:s

29 उनतीस unti:s

30 तीस ti:s

2.5.3 Directions

परि pu:rab east

पसशचम pashchim west

उततर uttar north

दककषण dakshiṇ south

2.5.4 Antonyms

िडा baṛa:(big) छोटा chhoṭa:(small)

सामन sa:mne(infront) पीछ pi:chhe(behind)

पास pa:s(near) दर du:r(far)

ऊपर u:par(above) नीच ni:che(under)

थोडा ṭhoṛa(alittle) जयादा zya:da:(much)

2.5.5 Synonyms

फकताि kita:b पसतक pustak

RecapitulationInthislessonyouhavelearntthefollowingpattern:

1. pita:ji:kahã:haĩ? Ò pita:ji:aufismẽhaĩ.2. kita:bkahã:hai? Ò kita:bmezparhai.3. ghoṛa:Òka:la:ghoṛa: Ò meraka:la:ghoṛa:Òmereka:leghoṛepar

LESSON - 8

Unit-I

PatternsintroducedinthisUnit:

1. ImperativeFormsofVerbs

त आ। तम आओ। आप आइए।tu:a: tuma:o a:pa:ieyoucome. youcome. youpleasecome.

2. NegationinImperative

त मत जा। तम मत जाओ। आप न जाइए।tu:matja: tummatja:o a:pnaja:ieDon’tgo. Don’tgo. Pleasedon’tgo.

1.0 Text

परकाश क महमानpraka:sh ke mehma:n

Guests of Prakash

परकाश : आइए रमन जी, आइए मोदहनी जी, कदहए आप लोग कस ह?praka:sh : a:ieramanji:,a:iemohini:ji:,kahie,a:plogkaisehaĩ?Prakash : PleasecomeRamanji,PleasedocomeMohiniji,howareyouall?

रमन : हम सि ठछीक ह। आप िताइए, आपका कया हाल चाल ह?raman : hamsabṭhi:khaĩ.a:pbata:ie,a:pkekya:ha:lcha:lhai?Raman : Weallarefine.Well,howareyou?

praka:sh:

हम सि भी ठछीक ह।hamsabbhi:ṭhi:khaĩ.Weallarefine.

raman:

सनीता जी कसी ह?suni:ta:ji:kaisi:haĩ?HowisSunitaji?

praka:sh:

ि भी ठछीक ह। ि आजकल नागपर म ह।vebhi:ṭhikhaĩ.vea:jkalna:gpurmẽhaĩ.Sheisfine.NowadayssheisinNagpur.

prakash :रामलाल ! ओ रामलाल !ra:mla:l!Ora:mla:l!

Ramlal!HeyRamlal!

रामलाल:

जी, िािजी।ramla:l Ji:ba:bu:ji:Ramlal Yesbabuji.

praka:sh:

तीन गगलास पानी ला। सन, टोकरी म िल ह। सि और कल ला।ti:ngila:spa:ni:la:,sun,ṭokri:mẽphalhaĩ.sebaurkelela:Bringthreeglassesofwater.Listen,therearefruitsinthebasket.Bringappleandbananas.

ra:mla:l:

अचछा साहि।achchha:sa:habOkSir.

praka:sh:

शिनम, जाओ चाय िनाओ।shabnam,ja:ocha:ybana:o.Shabnam,goandpreparetea.

रोदहणी:

नही िटी, चाय मत िनाओ। यहा िठो और िात करो।rohini nahĩ:beṭi:,cha:ymatbana:o,yahã:baiṭhoaurba:tkaro.Rohini No,don'tpreparetea,sithereandtalkwithus.

praka:sh:

अचछा रमनजी, शरित तो लीसजए।achchha:ramanji,sharbattoli:jie.WellRamanji,pleasetakesharbat.

: हा, शरित ठछीक ह। hã:,sharbatṭhi:khai.Yes,sharbatisfine.

praka:sh

: िटा अतनल। तम अभी िाजार जाओ और गरमागरम समोस खरीद लाओ।: beṭa:anil,tumabhi:ba:za:rja:oaurgarma:garamsamosekhari:dla:o.: Anil,yougotomarketandbringhotsamosas.

अतनल : जी अचछा, वपताजी।anil : ji:achchha:pita:ji:.Anil : Ok,father.

दकान परduka:n parAt the shop

अतनल : भाई, छह समोस दना।anil : bha:i:chhaisamosedena:Anil : Givesixsamosas.

दकानदार : य लीसजए, दखखए बिलकल गमम ह।duka:ndar : yeli:jie,dekhie,bilkulgaramhaĩ.Shopkeeper : Pleasetake,seetheseareabsolutelyhot.

anil :फकतन रपय क ह ?kitnerupayekehaĩ?

Ofhowmuchrupees?

duka:ndar:

छततीस रपय दीसजए।chhatti:srupayedi:jie.

Givemethirtysixrupees.

य लीसजए चालीस रपय, िाकी चार रपए दीसजए।yeli:jiecha:li:srupaye,ba:ki:cha:rrupayedi:jie.Pleasetakefortyrupees,givemethebalancefourrupees.

duka:ndar

: य लीसजए चार रपय, जी शफकरया।yeli:jiecha:rrupaye,jishukriya:Pleasetakefourrupees,thanks.

1.1 Vocabulary

आजकल a:jkal nowadays

बिलकल bilkul absolutely

दकान (f.) duka:n shop

गमम garm hot

िाकी ba:ki: remaining

साहि sa:hab master

सि (m.) seb apple

कला (m.) kela: banana

चाय (f.) cha:y tea

शरित (m.) sharbat sweetcoldwater(flavoured)

िाजार (m.) ba:za:r market

समोसा (m.) samosa: stuffedfriedsnack

शफकरया / धनयिाद shukriya:/dhanyava:d Thanks

1.2 Let’sknowsomemoreverbs

आना a:na: tocome

जाना ja:na: togo

लना lena: totake

दना dena: togive

िठना baiṭhna: tosit

खाना kha:na: toeat

पीना pi:na: todrink

पढना paṛhna: toread

मलखना likhna: towrite

सोना sona: tosleep

दखना dekhna: tosee

1. praka:shkemehma:nkaunhaĩ?

2. ramanji:aurmohiniji:kaisehaĩ?

3. suni:ta:ji:a:jkalkahãhaĩ?

4. ṭokri:mẽkya:hai?

5. samosekitnerupayekehaĩ?

1.4. Grammar and structure

1.4.1. Imperativeformofverbs

• The imperative form isused toexpressorderor requestand therefore, isusedonly forsecondperson. InHindi, thereare threepronouns—tu:, tumanda:p todenotesecondperson.

• Notetheimperativeformsofverbswithtu:,tumanda:p.

1. ra:mla:l,tu:kursi:la: (Ramlal,bringthechair)

2. bhola:,idhara: (Bhola,comehere)

3. mohan,tumyahã:a:o (Mohan,youcomehere)

4. kursi:parbaiṭho (Sitonthechair)

5. cha:cha:ji:,andara:ie (Uncle,pleasecomein)

6. yahã:baiṭhie (Pleasesithere)

Nowyoucanobservethat:

a) Verbrootitselfisusedwhenthesubjectis‘tu:’.‘tu:’isusedeithertoshowintimacyforthosewhoarevery intimate suchas friends, familymembers like son,daughter,mother,or toindicate the lower social status suchas servant, in informal situations.This typeofexpressioniscalledinformalimperative.ItisalsousedforaddressingGod.Since,thisformholdslackofsophisticationorpoliteness,itisgenerallyavoidedandisusedrarely.

Itisneverusedinplural.Ininformalimperative,theverbisusedinitsrootform,e.g.-

kha:(eat),paṛh(read),ja:(go),le(take),de(give)asexpressedbelow.

a:lok,tu:ja:aurkha:na:kha: (Alok,yougoandeatfood.)

kamla:a:,dudhpi: (Kamla,comeanddrinkmilk.)

mohankita:ble,pa:ṭhpaṛh (Mohan,takebook,readlesson.)

shi:la:,kha:na:kha: (Shila,eatfood.)

b) Asyouhavereadinearlierlessons,‘tum’isgrammaticallyplural,butitcanbeusedtoaddressasinglepersonaswell.ओ‘o’isaddedtotheverbrootwhenthesubjectistum.(tuma:o)

Thisiscalledfamiliarimperative.Readthesentences:

mohan,tumyahkita:bpaṛho. (Mohan,youreadthisbook.)

shekhar,yahã:baiṭho (Shekhar,sithere.)

mi:ta:,tumba:za:rja:o, (Mita,yougotothemarket aurgharka:sa:ma:nla:o andbringaccessoriesforhome.)

Nowyoucanobservethepatternofverbformsoffamiliarimperative:

Vowelendingverbroots

(here‘ओ’itselfisaddedtotheverbroot)

kha:+o–kha:o खाओ

ja:+o–ja:o जाओ

so+o–soo सोओ

la:+o–la:o लाओ

(ii)Consonantendingverbroots

(here‘ओ’isaddedtotheverbrootintheformofavowelsign)

paṛh+o–paṛho पढो

dekh+o–dekho दखो

likh+o–likho मलखो

• ‘le’(take)and‘de’(give)areexceptionstothisrule.Theirformsare‘lo’and‘do’insteadof‘la:o’and‘deo’.

Asanalternativeform,‘na:’endingimperativeverbformsareusedtodenotepoliteness,familiarityandinformalityingivingadvice,orderorsuggestion.This‘-na’imperativeisconfinedtothefamiliar&informalpronoun‘tu:’and‘tum’only.Sometimes‘jara:’isalsousedtomakeitmorepolite.

Nowobservethesesentences:

kamla:,jara:yahpatrapaṛhna:

mohan,jara:sha:mkojaldi:ghara:na:

ashok,jara:a:jka:akhba:rla:na:

mi:na:jara:kita:bdena:

(c) ThethirdformofImperativeis‘politeImperative’.Inpoliteimperative,‘a:p’isusedtoaddresspersonsofhighersocialstatusandseniorsinage.Here‘ie’isaddedtotheverbrootinthismanner:

(a) Withconsonantendingverbroots

baiṭh+ie

likh+ie

paṛh+ie

uṭh+ie

baiṭhie

likhie

paṛhie

uṭhie

िदठए

मलखखए

पदढए

उदठए

Here‘ie’isaddedintheformofavowelsign.

(b) Withvowelendingverbroots.kha:+ie

la:+ie

kha:ie

खाइए

सोइए

लाइएHere‘ie’isaddedintheverbroot.

Nowobservethetable

Pronouns Vowelending ConsonantEndingtu: a: baiṭhtum a:o(asvowelsign) baiṭhoa:p a:ie(asvowelsign) baiṭhie

• ‘le’,‘de’,‘pi:’,‘kar’areexceptionstothisruleandheretheverbformisslightlydifferent.

le - li:jie de - di:jie

pi: - pi:jie kar - ki:jie

• Sometimes‘iega:’formisalsousedtoexpressextrapolitenesswiththehonorificpronoun‘a:p’.

a:lokji,a:pmereghara:iega:

mohanjmera:yahka:mkardi:jiega:

Nowreadthesentencesforpractice:

a:lokji:,a:ie,baiṭhie. (Alokji,pleasecomeandsit.)

shi:la:ji:,cha:ypi:jie. (Sheelaji,pleasehavetea.)

kripayaa:plogmeri:ba:tsunie (Pleaselistentome.)

a:pkaldaftarjaldi:a:ie. (Pleasecometotheofficeearlytomorrow)

a:ja:phama:regharkha:na:kha:ie. (Pleasehavesupperatourhome.)

isedekhli:jie. (Pleasehavealookatthis.)

rediosunie. (Pleaselistentheradio.)

1.4.2 NegationinImperative

Readthesentences:

ashok,vahã:matbaiṭho Ashok,don’tsitthere.kamal,ba:harmatja:o Kamal,don’tgooutside.tumkita:bnakhari:dna: Don’tpurchasebook.tumabba:za:rnaja:na: Don’tgotothemarketnow.ramesh,mezparmatbaiṭh Ramesh,don’tsitonthetable.bhola:,ba:za:rsesa:ma:nmatla: Bhola,don’tbringthingsfromthemarket.a:pvahã:naja:iega: Pleasedon’tgothere.unseba:tnaki:jiega: Pleasedon’ttalktothem.kavita:ji:,cha:ynapi:jie,du:dhpi:jie Kavitaji,pleasedon’tdrinktea,drinkmilk.shi:la:ji:,akhba:rnapaṛhie,kaha:nipaṛhie Sheelaji,pleasedon’treadnewspaper,readstory.kashmi:rmẽṭhandhai.vahã:naja:ie. ItiscoldinKashmir,don’tgothere.

• Youcanunderstandthat

(1) InImperativewords‘न’and‘मत’areusedjustbeforetheverb.

(2) Ininformalandfamiliarimperative,negationisdenotedbyadding‘मत’andhasgreaterforceofcommand.

(3) ‘न’isamildernegationandisusedwithpoliteimperative.

1.5 Exercise

1. Transformthefollowingasperthepatternofthemodelgiven:

(A) ekkursi:la:—ekkursi:la:ie.

i) rediosun

ii) kursi:parbaiṭh

iii) yahã:a:

iv) gharja:

v) kha:na:kha:

(B) cha:y mat bana:o – cha:y n bana:ie

i) ga:na:matsuna:o

ii) kursi:parmatbaiṭho

iii) ṭelivijanmatdekho

iv) yahã:mata:o

v) gharmatja:o

2. Translatethefollowing-

i) Don'tbringtea,bringmilk.

ii) Don'tsithere.

iii) Bhola,cleantheroom.

iv) Kamini,singasong.

v) Nehaji,pleasecomehere.

3. FillintheblankswithappropriateImperativefromofverbrootsgivenwithinbrackets

(i) pita:ji:ṭelivijan……………….. (dekh)

(ii) beṭa:,yahã:……………….. (a:)

(iii) kavita:,ga:na:……………….. (sun)

(iv) ra:mu,ba:za:rsesa:ma:n……………….. (la:)

4. Constructtheimperativeformasperthemodelgiven.

Model: िोल + इए a:p (bol + ie) Ò a:p bolie

a:p(dekh+ ie) …………………..

a:p(pehen+ ie) …………………..

a:p(bata:+ ie) …………………..

a:p(dikha:+ ie) …………………..

Unit – II

PatternsIntroduced

ObliqueFormsofPluralNouns

mas.pluralghar gharõkolaṛke laṛkõkoa:dmi: a:dmiyõko

femininepluralmezẽ mezõparbeṭiyã beṭiyõko

2.1 ObliqueFormsofPluralNouns

Readthefollowingsentences:

(A) vahã:kitnea:dmi:haĩ? Howmanymenarethere?

(B) doa:dmiyõkobula:ie. Pleasecalltwomen.

(A) yemaka:nmohankehai. ThesehousesbelongtoMohan.

(B) maka:nõkekamrebaṛehaĩ. Theroomsofthesehousesarebig.

(A) yekita:bẽmeri:haĩ. Thesebooksaremine.

(B) kita:bõka:da:madhikhai. Thepriceofbooksarehigh.

(A) yelifa:femoṭehaĩ. Theseenvelopesarethick.

(B) lifa:fõmẽkya:hai? Whatisintheenvelopes?

• Insentencesof‘A’grouppluralnounsareusedinDirectform(withoutpostposition)andinsentencesof‘B’grouppluralnounsareusedinObliqueform(withpostposition).

• Youcanseethatallpluralnounswhethermasculineorfeminineattach‘ओ / यो’attheendwhenfollowedbyapostposition.

• Thefollowingtableshowsthebehaviourofsingularandpluralnounswithorwithoutpostposition.

Singular PluralType Direct Oblique Direct Oblique

-a:endingmasculinenounslaṛka:kamra:

laṛka:kamra:

laṛkekokamreko

laṛkekamre

laṛkõkokamrõko

restofthemasculinenounsnaukara:dmi:da:ku:

naukara:dmi:da:ku:

naukarkoa:dmi:koda:ku:ko

naukara:dmi:da:ku:

naukarõkoa:dmiyõkoda:kuõko

–iandi:endingfemininenouns

ri:tilaṛki

ri:tilaṛki:

ri:tikolaṛki:ko

ri:tiyã:laṛkiyã

ri:tiyõkolaṛkiyõko

restofthefemininenouns

chiṛiya:behanma:la:bahu:

chiṛiya:kobehankoma:la:kobahu:ko

chiṛiyãbehanẽma:la:ẽbahuẽ

chiṛiyõkobehanõkoma:la:õkobahuõko

Exercise

1. Filluptheblankswithproperformsofnounsfollowedbypostpositionswiththewordsgiveninbrackets.

yahã:kelesastehaĩ.pachchi:s________kedashaĩ.(fortwentyfiverupees)

yahãkelesastehaĩ.pachchi:srupayekedashaĩ.

i) yahmohanki:kita:bhai. _________achchhi:kavita:ẽhaĩ.(inthebook)

ii) ba:harekkamra:hai. ______cha:rkursiyã:haĩ.(intheroom)

iii) ba:gmẽa:mka:peṛhai ______ekbandarhai.(onthetree)

iv) mezparlifa:fa:hai. ______ti:srupaye:haĩ.(intheenvelope)

v) yesa:ṛiã:sundarhaĩ. ______da:mkya:hai? (oftheredsaree)

vi) smithba:harja:rahehaĩ. ve_______ja:rahehaĩ.(onthehorse)

2. Rewritethefollowingsentencesbysubstitutingwithproperpluralformsofnounsgivenwithinbracketsagainsteachline.

Model:sinema:hau:lkesa:mnelogõki:bhi:ṛhai.(laṛka:)

sinema:hau:lkesa:mnelaṛkõki:bhi:ṛhai.

i) __________________________(laṛki:)

ii) __________________________(pulisva:la:)

iii) __________________________(a:dmi:)

iv) __________________________(sinema:dekhneva:la:)

v) __________________________(ṭikaṭkhari:dneva:la:)

vi) __________________________(a:neva:laaurja:neva:la)

vii) __________________________(ga:ṛi:)

Unit-III

PatternintroducedinthisUnit

Sub+को(Noun/Adjective)

OptionalAdjectivecompliment Verb

मझको

mujhko -

िखार

bukha:r

3.0 Text

Readthesentencescarefully:

1. mohankobukha:rhai. Mohanhasfever.

2. si:ta:kokhã:si:hai. Sitahascough.

3. ri:ta:koisba:tka:dukhhai. Ritaissorryforthis.

4. garima:koisba:tki:khushi:hai. Garimaishappyforthis.

5. mujhega:nekashaukhai. Iamfondofsongs.

6. unkoghu:mneki:ichchha:hai. Theyhaveawishtostroll.

7. gopa:lkoa:ra:mhai. Gopalisbetternow.

3.1 Vocabulary

िखार (m.) bukha:r fever

खासी (f.) khã:si: cough

दख (m.) dukh sorrow

खशी (f.) khushi: joy

शौक (m.) shauk hobby

इचछा (f.) ichchha: wish,desire

आराम a:ra:m relax,rest

3.2.1 Subject+koconstruction

Thesentencepatternsubject+koisusedtodenotephysiologicalandmentalstateofthesubject.Normally,thesubjectisanimateandanexperiencer.Thistypeofsentencesconsistofcertainactionswhich–

• essentiallybelongtohumanorlivingbody.

• thepronounsarealwaysusedinobliqueforms.eg:

म + को Ò मझको mujhko

हम + को Ò हमको hamko

त + को Ò तझको / तझ tujhe/tujhko

तम + को Ò तमको / तमह tumko/tumhẽ

आप + को Ò आपको a:pko

िह + को Ò उसको /उस usko/use

ि + को Ò उनको / उनह unko/unhẽ

3.3 Exercises

1. Translatethesentences:

i) Mohanhasfever.

ii) Ramanissorryforthis.

iii) Pramilaregretsthis.

iv) Iwasworriedaboutyou.

v) Rameshhassomeproblem.

2. Makeimperativeformsoftheverbsaccordingtothepersonasperthemodelgivenbelow:-

Verbroot Familiar Informal Politetu: tum a:p

ja: ja: ja:o ja:iea:kha:na:chkarlepi:

3.4 Let’scount

31 इकतीस ikti:s

32 िततीस batti:s

33 ततीस taĩti:s

34 चौतीस chaũti:s

35 पतीस paĩti:s

36 छततीस chhatti:s

37 सतीस saĩti:s

38 अडतीस aṛti:s

39 उनतालीस unta:li:s

40 चालीस cha:li:s

Recapitulation

Youhavelearntthefollowingstructuresinthislesson.

1. ImperativeformsofVerb.

tu: Ò

a:kha:ja:

tum Ò

a:okha:oja:o

a:p Ò

a:iekha:ieja:ie

2. Obliqueformofpluralnouns

a:dmi Ò a:dmiyõkom.plural

laṛke Ò laṛkõko

beṭiyã: Ò beṭiyõkof.plural

mezẽ Ò mezõko

3.Sub + को Construction Ò

mujhko bukha:r haiusko ghu:mne ki: ichchha: hai

Expandthefollowingpatternsasshowninthemodel:

Model: आ (come)आओÒइधर आओÒतम इधर आओÒतम इधर मत आओ

जा(go)Ò ………………………………………………………….

रख(keep)Ò ………………………………………………………….

िठ(sit)Ò ………………………………………………………….

दख(see)Ò ………………………………………………………….

Please read your lessons carefully before answering the Response Sheets.

Student on : .............................

Directorate on : ..............................R.S. received by the

परापरााक Marks

5 ....... / 20 6 ....... / 20 7 ....... / 20 8 ....... / 20

पतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागDEPARTMENT OF CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

क दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयCentral Hindi Directorate

हिादरी सह टिफिक पराठयकरम (अागजी मराधयम)CERTIFICATE COURSE IN HINDI (English Medium)

उतर पत 5-8 Response Sheets 5-8

Please always quote your roll No. iN all corresPoNdeNce with us

कपया छातर अपना रोल नबर एव पता नीच ललख।Fill up the Following in block letters

रोल न /roll no.

छातर की मातभाषा Mother tongue of the student

.................................

क./शीमती/शी / kum./smt./shri .................................................................................................................

पता / postal Address .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

........................................................ पपन / pin

मलयाकन क ललए उततर पतर इस पत पर भज : Filled-in response sheets are to be sent to :

उप निदशकपतराचरार पराठयकरम विभरागका दरीय हिादरी निदशरालयपशचमी खाड-VIIररामकषणपरमिई हदललरी-110066 (भरार)

The Deputy Director

Dept. of Correspondence Courses

Central Hindi Directorate

West Block VII

Rama Krishna Puram

New Delhi - 110066 [INDIA]

उततर पतर Response Sheet

}5Exercise IWrite the following words in Devanagari:

kaun ................... ................... pita:ji: ................... ...................

kya: ................... ................... kaisa: ................... ...................

achchha: ................... ................... a:p ................... ...................

bha:i: ................... ................... aur ................... ...................

ma:ta:ji: ................... ................... adhya:pak ................... ...................

sa:f ................... ................... patraka:r ................... ...................

Exercise IIAnswer the following questions :

1. आपकरा िराम कयरा ि ?

...............................................................................................................................

2. कयरा आप भरारीय ि ?

...............................................................................................................................

3. मराररयरा कौि ि ?

...............................................................................................................................

4. अधयरापक करा िराम कयरा ि ?

...............................................................................................................................

5. कयरा डविड पतकरार ि?

...............................................................................................................................

Exercise IIITranslate into Hindi:

1. Ravi is Indian.

...............................................................................................................................

2. I am a German.

...............................................................................................................................

3. Maria is Russian.

...............................................................................................................................

4. India is my country.

...............................................................................................................................

5. Are you a student?

...............................................................................................................................

6. What is this?

...............................................................................................................................

Exercise IVMake questions with the help of words given in the table.

आप

मीररा

मोिि

मराराजी

यराम

कस

कसरा

कसी

िो

...............................................................................................................................

Exercise VMake sentences with the help of suitable words given in the table.

आप

िि

छरात

अधयरापक

अमररकि

जमटिि

इाजीनियर

पतकरार

िो

..........................................................................................................................................

Exercise VIFill in the blanks by using Hindi equivalents of the words given in the bracket.

1. म ................................ ि । (alright)

2. वपराजी ................................ ि । (sick)

3. ररीरा ................................ ि । (fine)

4. मोिि ................................ ि । (journalist)

5. म ................................ िो । (who)

6. िि ................................ ि । (tired)

Exercise VIIAnswer the following questions in affirmative or negative

1. कयरा यि आम ि ? जी िरा, यि आम ि।

2. कयरा यि आख ि ? ......................................................

3. कयरा यि कलरा ि ? ......................................................

4. कयरा यि जरा ि ? ......................................................

5. कयरा यि घडी ि ? ......................................................

6. कयरा यि फकराब ि ? ......................................................

Comments & Instructions

1. Improvements needed

(a) Spellings

(b) Grammar Points

(c) Structures

2. General assessment of the performance.

Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor (Needs improvement)

Name of the Evaluator Signature of the Evaluator with date

}6Exercise IMake sentences as per model with the help of words given within brackets.

Model: यि ................... ि। (your house [m.])

यि आपकरा घर (m.) ि।1. यि ................... ि। (my book [f.])

............................................................................................................

2. यि ................... ि। (his table [f.])

............................................................................................................

3. यि ................... ि। (Mohan’s car [f.])

............................................................................................................

4. य ................... ि। (my mother [f.])

............................................................................................................

5. यि ................... ि। (your brother [m.])

............................................................................................................

Exercise IIWrite the plural forms of the following words.

लडकरा ...................... दकराि ......................

कमररा ...................... खखडकी ......................

दरिराजरा ...................... कसथी ......................

पाखरा ...................... शमठराई ......................

िल ...................... चचडडयरा ......................

घर ...................... मज ......................

सब ...................... मरालरा ......................

िध ...................... लडकी ......................

परदरा ...................... कलरा ......................

Exercise IIIFill up the blanks with suitable form of the words given in brackets................................ कमररा (my) ............................... सकल (mother’s)

............................... बरी (her) ............................... दफर (father’s)

............................... घडडयरा (their) ............................... बहिि (your)

............................... पररिरार (his) ............................... फकराब (his)

............................... घर (Ram’s) ............................... कपड (our)

Exercise IVTransform the following sentences into plural as per the given model.

Model: यि एक रपयरा ि। य दस रपय ि। (ten)

1. यि एक शलिरािरा ि। य ..................................... ि। (three)

2. यि एक आम ि। य ..................................... ि। (five)

3. यि एक आदमी ि। य ..................................... ि। (two)

4. यि एक फकराब ि। य ..................................... ि। (fifteen)

5. यि एक िल ि। य ..................................... ि। (twenty)

6. यि एक लडकी ि। य ..................................... ि। (six)

Exercise VTransform the following sentences into singular as per the given model:

Model: य मररी सराडडयरा ि। यि मररी सराडी ि।

1. ि रराम की बिि ि। ..........................................

2. य चचट हठयरा फकसकी ि ? ..........................................

3. ि िल सादर ि। ..........................................

4. य आदमी चनि क ि। ..........................................

5. य मर ब ि। . ..........................................

Exercise VIComplete the following sentences using appropriate adjectives.

(सिद, गरम, सराि, ििरादरार, गादरी, लराल, ियरा)

1. यि चराय ............................. ि ।

2. कमर ............................. और ............................. ि।

3. गलराब करा राग ............................. ि।

4. दरादराजी करा को ............................. ि।

5. य शलिराि ............................. ि।

6. दरीिरार ............................. ि।

(a) Spellings

(b) Grammar Points

(c) Structures

}7Exercise IFill in the blanks using appropriate postpositions म / पर.

1. फकराब मज ............ ि।

2. पि जब ............ ि।

3. कमर ............ दस छरात ि।

4. घर ............ चरार कमर ि।

5. पशसल िराथ ............ ि।

6. मराराजी सकल ............ पढराी ि।

Exercise IIAnswer the following questions with the help of the English words given in brackets.

1. वपराजी किरा ि ? वपराजी ................................................ (office)

2. हदललरी किरा ि ? हदललरी ................................................ (India)

3. िल किरा ि ? िल ................................................ (basket)

4. बादर किरा ि ? बादर ................................................ (tree)

5. मोिि किरा ि ? मोिि ................................................ (market)

6. कपड किरा ि ? कपड ................................................ (almirah)

7. ममरा किरा ि ? ममरा ................................................ (roof)

Exercise IIIFill up the blanks with proper form of nouns followed by postpositions with the help of clues given within brackets. Please note that only ‘आ’ ending masculine nouns change into ‘ए’ when followed by postpositions and other nouns remain unchanged.

1. ........................................ खब रोशिी आी ि। (in the big room)

2. ........................................ ििरा ििरीा ि। (in the small room)

3. ........................................ करा दराम कयरा ि? (small suitcase)

4. यि थलरी ........................................ ि। (for your younger brother)

5. ........................................ दो सौ रपय ििरीा ि। (in my envelope)

6. ........................................ कयरा िराम ि? (your elder son’s)

Exercise IVWrite 10 lines about your home.

.............................................................................................................................

Exercise VWrite Hindi equivalents.

Eight ............................ Twenty ............................

Five ............................ Twenty five ............................

Eleven ............................ Twenty six ............................

Sixteen ............................ Three ............................

Eighteen ............................ Thirty ............................

Exercise VIWrite 10 sentences on the basis of the following table.

मििमिमआपि

हदललरीकरािपरआगरराकिरा

मस

िििोि

.................................................................................................................................

Exercise VIITransform the sentences as per the model.

Model: िि माबई स ि। उसकरा घर माबई म ि।

1. ि कोलकरारा स ि। ..........................................................................

2. िि लडकी हदललरी स ि। ..........................................................................

3. ि दोिो चनि स ि। ..........................................................................

4. िि किरा स ि? ..........................................................................

5. ि जयपर स ि। ..........................................................................

6. िम यिरा स ि। ..........................................................................

Exercise VIIIFill in the blanks in the following text:

1. यि ..................... पररिरार ि। पररिरार म ..................... लोग ि।

2. म, ..................... पतिी, मररा ..................... और मररी .....................।

3. बरा पराचिीा ..................... म ि और बरी दसररी .....................।

4. मररी पतिी सकल म ..................... ि। म बक म मिजर ..................... ।

5. मर वपराजी और ..................... गराि म ि।

(a) Spellings

(b) Grammar Points

(c) Structures

}8Exercise IMake imperative forms of the words according to the person as per the model given below.

Verb root Familiar

Informal

Polite

आप

जरा जरा जराओ जराइए

कि

िराच

कर

पी

सि

खोल

दख

................

Exercise IIFill up the blanks with appropriate imperative forms of the verbs.

1. वपराजी खरािरा ......................................... । (खरा)

2. रराम, अब घर ......................................... । (चल)

3. आप चराय ......................................... । (पी)

4. हदिश, घर ......................................... । (जरा)

5. गरजी, यिरा ......................................... । (बठ)

6. बरा, इधर ......................................... । (आ)

Exercise IIITranslate the following sentences into Hindi.

1. Go home. ..............................................................

2. Do not bring milk, bring coffee. ..............................................................

3. Namita, sing a song. ..............................................................

4. Rameshji, sit here. ..............................................................

5. Ramu, clean the room. ..............................................................

6. Uncle, please have a tea. ..............................................................

7. Please give the letter to them. ..............................................................

8. Mohan, give this pen to Rohan. ..............................................................

9. Do it fast. ..............................................................

10. Meet Shekhar at 7 o’clock in the evening. ..............................................................

Exercise IVSubstitute underlined word with the words given in the brackets:

आप अादर आइए। (भीर, बरािर, ऊपर, इधर)

1. आप ............................... आइए।

2. आप ............................... आइए।

3. आप ............................... आइए।

4. आप ............................... आइए।

मझ खरािरा दो। (भराई को, इिको, उस, उसको, उनि)

1. ............................... खरािरा दो।

2. ............................... खरािरा दो।

3. ............................... खरािरा दो।

4. ............................... खरािरा दो।

5. ............................... खरािरा दो।

आप ररािल को जमटिि पढराइए । (खरािरा खखलरा, परािी वपलरा, अादर तबठरा, कपड हदलरा)

1. आप ररािल को .............................................................।

2. आप ररािल को .............................................................।

3. आप ररािल को .............................................................।

4. आप ररािल को .............................................................।

Exercise VTransform the following as per model given.

A) मोिि सौ रपय दो। मोिि जी, सौ रपय दरीशजए।

सीरा, यि फकराब लो। ..................................................................

मोिरा, एक कराम करो। ..................................................................

रमश, भीर आओ और चराय वपओ। ..................................................................

B) बरािर म जराओ। बरािर बराररश ि इसशलए बरािर म जरािरा ।

कल म आओ। कल छट री ि इसशलए .................................................... ।

आम म खराओ। म बीमरार िो इसशलए .................................................... ।

चराय म लराओ। आज गमथी ि इसशलए .................................................... ।

कल म खररीदो। कल खरराब ि इसशलए .................................................... ।

Exercise VIRewrite the following sentences by substituting with proper plural form of nouns given within brackets against each line:

शसिमरा िराल क सरामि लोगो की भीड ि। (लडकरा) शसिमरा िराल क सरामि लडको की भीड ि।1. ............................................................................................ (लडकी)

2. ............................................................................................ (पशलसिरालरा)

3. ............................................................................................ (आदमी)

4. ............................................................................................ (शसिमरा दखि िरालरा)

5. ............................................................................................ (हक खररीदि िरालरा)

6. ............................................................................................ (आि िरालरा और जराि िरालरा)

7. ............................................................................................ (गराडी)

Exercise VIIConstruct 10 sentences with the help of the following table, choosing appropriately from all the columns:

बचच को

उनि

मझ

रराजि को

मररी बिि को

लरीलरा को

उस

दो हदि स

कल स

सोमिरार स

बखरार

जकराम

प करा ददटि

शसरददटि

ि ।मकराि की

िौकररी की

सिरासथय की

चचा रा

परशरािी

बडी

बडरा

खशी

दख

खद

................................................................................................................................................

Exercise VIIITransform the following sentences as per model:

Model: वपराजी आज खश ि। वपराजी को आज खशी ि।

1. कल स म परशराि ि। .......................................................................

2. सीश दो मिरीि स बीमरार ि। .......................................................................

3. बचचरा फकस बरा पर उदरास ि? .......................................................................

4. मरा आज दखी ि। .......................................................................

5. बिि मझस िरारराज ि। .......................................................................

(a) Spellings

(b) Grammar Points

(c) Structures

5. Excuse me please. (कषमरा करिरा)

..................................................................................................................................

Exercise VISelect the correct intensifiers from दिरा, लिरा and जरािरा to complete the following sentences:

1. मररी बरी ि अपिी सिलरी को फकराब द .................................................।

2. शील िमशरा समय पर कराम कर ..........................................................।

3. अगल िफ सभी मिमराि आ ................................................................।

4. अधयरापक ि विदयराचथटियो को सिराल समझरा ..............................................।

5. िम लोग आज ररा को रलगराडी म सो .....................................................।

Exercise VIIComplete the following sentences with the Hindi equivalents of the English expressions given in the brackets.

Model: रागि को थोडी दर ............... । (allow to take rest)

रागि को थोडी दर आरराम करि दो।

1. म आज िरापस जरािरा चरािरा ि, .......... (let me complete the work)

..................................................................................................................................

2. सरलरा बरािर ििरीा जरािरा चरािी, .......... (let her remain in Delhi)

..................................................................................................................................

3. िम सराइफकल चलरािरा ििरीा आरा, .......... (let us go on foot)

..................................................................................................................................

4. आज छट री ि, .......... (let us watch the film)

..................................................................................................................................

5. बचच की बीय ठीक ि, .......... (let him eat ice cream)

..................................................................................................................................

(a) Spellings

(b) Grammar Points

(c) Structures

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