3

Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes

Lesson 3.2: The Integumentary System

Lesson 3.3: Injuries and Disorders of the Skin

Membranes and the Integumentary System

LESSON 3.1

Body Membranes

Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System

BODY MEMBRANES

epithelial membranes mucous membranes serous membranes cutaneous membranes

connective tissue membranes synovial membranes

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

mucous membranes line cavities open to the environment

serous membranes line cavities not open to environment

cutaneous membranes form what we know as skin

MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SEROUS MEMBRANES

CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES

synovial membrane capsule around synovial joint tendon sheath synovial fluid

REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT

Match these words with 1–4 below: synovial, mucous, cutaneous, serous.1. line cavities open to the environment2. line cavities not open to the

environment3. tendon sheath4. form skin

LESSON 3.2

The Integumentary System

Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

functions of the integumentary system anatomy of the skin appendages of the skin

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

ANATOMY OF THE SKIN

epidermis dermis hypoderm

is

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMISSweat pore

Shedding keratinocytes

Dead keratinocytes

Living keratinocytes

Dendritic cell

Stem cell

Sweat duct

Melanocyte

Dermal papilla

Tactile nerve fiber

Dermal blood vessel

Dermis

REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT

True or False?1. The dermis is the superficial layer of

the skin.2. The skin helps regulate body

temperature. 3. The epidermis has three layers. 4. The hypodermis is above the dermis.5. The skin protects against UV

radiation.

EPIDERMAL CELLS

keratinocytes produce keratin, form layers of epidermis

epidermal dendritic cells ward off infections

Merkel cells touch receptors

DERMIS

dense, fibrous connective tissue papillary layer

forms fingerprints reticular layer

HYPODERMIS

fibrous connective tissue adipose tissue

padding insulation energy storage

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN

sudoriferous (sweat) glands eccrine apocrine

sebaceous glands hair nails

REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT

Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis, keratinocytes, sweat, or papillary.1. Eccrine is a type of _______________

gland. 2. _______________ produce keratin.3. Adipose tissue is found in the

_______________.4. The _______________ of the dermis

forms fingerprints.

LESSON 3.3

Injuries and Disorders of the

Skin

Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System

INJURIES AND DISORDERS OF THE SKIN

injuries of the skin infections of the skin and membranes inflammatory conditions of the skin

and membranes cancers of the skin

INJURIES OF THE SKIN

decubitus ulcers bedsores caused by restricted blood supply

burns first-, second- or third-degree caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or

UV radiation rule of nines

Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com

THE RULE OF NINES The rule of nines recognizes the fact that the adult body is fairly evenly divided by nine:

9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 18% for anterior torso (chest/stomach) 18% for posterior torso (back) 18% for left leg 18% for right leg

(If you are observant enough to notice this only adds up to 99%, you are smart enough to figure out where the other 1% is located!)

BURN SIZE: THE RULE OF NINES

Another (perhaps easier) way to think of this: 9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 9% for abdomen 9% for anterior thorax (chest) 9% for posterior thorax (upper back)

9% for posterior abdomen (lower back)

9% for anterior right leg 9% for anterior left leg 9% for posterior right leg 9% for posterior left leg

BURN SIZE: THE RULE OF NINES

A third method recognizes the fact that the patient’s closed hand is equal to approximately 1% of their body surface area

Small burns, or the unburned area of patients with nearly 100% burns, may be measured in this way

DETERMINING BURN SEVERITY: DEPTH

Human skin has two major layers followed by fat, fascia and muscle The epidermis layer of the skin consists of dry, mostly dead, mostly insensitive skin. It is the ‘top’ and outside layer. Burns to the epidermis are generally 1st degree, or partial thickness, and are not considered clinically significant. Sunburns fall into this category

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis, is wet, has blood flow, and contains hair follicles and sweat glands. It also houses sensory nerves. Burns to the dermis are 2nd degree, or partial thickness and generally require medical attention

The subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis. It consists of a thin layer of fat, fascia and then muscle. Subcutaneous burns are 3rd degree, or full thickness, and always require medical attention

INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES

viral infections herpes varicella herpes zoster herpes simplex

virus type 1 or type 2

human papillomavirus

warts Maksym Bondarchuk/Shutterstock.com

INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES

fungal infections athlete’s foot jock itch ringworm toenail fungus

bacterial infections impetigo cellulitis

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES

pleurisy makes smooth

surface of pleura rough

peritonitis infection of

peritoneum psoriasis

involves redness and irritation

Kenxro/Shutterstock.com

CANCERS OF THE SKIN

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant melanoma ABCD rule Librakv/

Shutterstock.com

ABCD RULE

REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT

True or False?1. Herpes zoster causes decubitus

ulcers.2. Peritonitis is an infection of the skin.3. Impetigo is caused by a fungus.4. Warts are caused by a virus.5. Ringworm is caused by a fungus.