LESSON 1ISLAM AND AL-ANDALUS

FIVE MINUTES to READ pages 14 and 15.

VOCABULARY

• Hayib the same as Prime Minister

• Visirs Ministers

• Walis the same as Governor, control the provinces

• Raids militar expedition through enemy territory

• Parias a kind of tribute, tax

• Vassal vasallo, dependent of…

MAIN DATES

• 929 Caliphate of Cordoba begings

• 1031 the Caliphate is divided into Taifas

• 1085 Toledo all into Christian hands

• 1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

• 1492 Catholic Monarchs conquest Granada

1.5. From Caliphate to Taifas

• 1.5.1. The Caliphate of Cordoba – Abd-al-Rahman III inherited (heredó) the

throne in 912. He fought successfully against internal revolts and Christian attacks.

– In 929 he became Caliph: the political and religious leader

– The Caliph governed with the Hayib, or prime minister, and visirs, or ministers. Walis, or governors, controlled the provinces

continues

1.5. From Caliphate to Taifas

• (…continuation)– In 976 Hisham II became Caliph. As he was only

eleven years old, the general Al-Mansur led the goverment.

– To obtain money and prisoners, he carried out more than fifty raids against the Christian Kingdoms in the north

– The Caliphate of Cordoba was the most brilliant period of Al-Andalus

1.5. From Caliphate to Taifas

• 1.5.2. The Taifas Kingdoms – After Al-Mansur died, fighting continued in Al-

Andalus.– In 1031, the Caliphate was divided into Taifas, or

small kingdoms, such as Seville, Toledo, Badajoz..

– The taifas were constantly attacked by Christians– To avoid (evitar) attacks, taifas paid parias– In 1085 Toledo fell into Christian hands– Muslims asked for help from the Almoravids

1.5. From Caliphate to Taifas

• (…continuation)– The Almoravids, Berbers from North of Africa,

went to Iberia to stop the Christian advance. They reunited Al-Andalus, but only for a few years

– In 1147, the Almohads, who were also Berbers, as Almoravids, came to power.

– The Christian armies united and defeated (derrotaron) the Almohads at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212

– After this defeat, Christians conquered almost all of Al-Andalus

1.5. From Caliphate to Taifas

• 1.5.3. The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada – The kingdom of Granada covered the provinces

of Malaga, Almeria, Granada and the eastern part of Cadiz

– It was governed by the Nasr (Nazarí) family– The Nasrid Kingdom was weak. For almost two

and a half centuries, it was the vassal of Castile, they had to pay parias to Castile and help them

– Finally, Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada in 1492

Links and photoshttp://www.legadoandalusi.es/es/fundacion/principal/historia-alandalus/

PHOTOS: MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

PHOTOS: GOLD TOWER

PHOTOS: ALHAMBRA

ACTIVITIES

• Find the Word for these definitions.– He was the prime minister – They were ministers in Al-Andalus– He was the political and religious leader– In 1031, the caliphate was divided into these

– MAKE A TIME LINE• Showing the differents periods in the History of Al-

Andalus