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Abhishek Deshpande (CE09B094)
Sravya Sudha (CE09B073)
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Body for Environmental GovernanceMinistry for the environment and natural resources
Founded in 1990, is the youngest in Icelandic
administration. It created the requisites for the government for
formulating and enforcing an integrated policy forenvironmental affairs.
The Ministry includes divisions like- Department ofLand Quality, Department of Ocean, water andclimate and Department of Environmental and SpatialPlanning.
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Body for Environmental Governance Mission of the Ministry: To supervise the affairs
pertaining to nature in Iceland.
Conservation and the protection of flora and fauna. Pollution prevention and better hygiene planning.
Fire prevention, weather forecasting and avalancheprotection.
Surveying and cartography, forestry and soilconservation, environmental monitoring andsurveillance.
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Major Environmental Acts The Conservation Act -1999
The act on Hygiene and Pollution prevention- 1998 The Land surveying and cartography act- 1997
The planning and settlement act- 1997
The food act- 1995
The act on genetically modified organisms- 1995
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The act on the protection, preservation and hunting ofwild birds and wild mammals - 1994
The act on environmental impact studies- 1993 The act to information, distribution and the access to
information on Environmental affairs 1993
The act on Icelandic institute of natural history and
regional centers of natural history- 1992
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Major developments in the
environmental sectorAfter the Rio Conference on environment and
development in 1992, Iceland put together the goals ina general policy formulation, which was approved in1993.
In 1997, the government approved an Intensive plan-Sustainable development in Icelandic society, an
implementation plan through the end of the century-which was an attempt to introduce the viewpoint ofsustainable development into main industries andparts of society.
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As a part of the Planning and Building affairs, the tasks
involved were the preparation of a general plan for theentire country, the preparation of land utilizationplans, development of national information systemand the preparation of a digital map database for the
entire Iceland. For Pollution prevention, the Ministry introduced a
separate Environment and Food agency of Iceland todecentralize the monitoring and hence improve the
efficiency of this particular sector.
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The Environmental Agency operates under thedirection of the Ministry for the Environment. Its roleis to promote the protection as well as sustainable useof Icelands natural resources, as well as public welfareby helping to ensure a healthy environment and safeconsumer goods.
Iceland, as well known is the success story of sustainable fishing.
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Produced by Yale and Columbia University, theEnvironmental Performance Index measures 163countries performance in various categories.
Iceland which received 93.5/100 earned high marks forenvironmental public health, controlling greenhousegas emissions and reforestation while India ranks farbelow at 123.
Environmental Performance Index
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For Conservation , the Ministry has National
Conservation Agency, the Icelandic Institute of Natural History and The Directorate of FreshwaterFisheries under them.
The Ministry also participates in the environmental
efforts of the United Nations, the Council of Europeand OECD.
International treaties and other global
commitments towards the environment
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The Ministry of Environment ministers tomultifaceted Nordic collaboration and supervises theimplementation of international environmentalprotection agreements to which Iceland is a party.
The above stretches the fact that Iceland as a country
has contributed on turning down the global issuesaffecting the environment.
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Raj kamal singh(CE12M036)
Om Prakash Ranjan( CE12M035)
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Air pollutionRoad Traffic Regulation Act : 1984 provided powers to regulate or restrict traffic on UKroads, in the interest of safety.
The Act is split into 10 parts covering 147 sections.
Part 1: General Provisions For Traffic Regulations.Part 2: Traffic Regulation In Special Cases
Part 3: Crossings And Playgrounds
Part 4: Parking Places
Part 5: Traffic Signs
Part 6: Speed Limits
Part 7: Bollards And Other Obstructions
Part 8: Control And Enforcement
Part 9: Further Provisions As To Enforcement
Part 10: General And Supplementary Provisions
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The Clean Air Act: 1993
governing the emission of air pollutants from
human sources into the atmosphere. regulation of indoor air quality for the
protection of human health.
Effectiveness - improvement in human healthand longer life spans. in 2010 alone, thereduction of ozone and particulate matter inthe atmosphere prevented more than 160,000
cases of premature mortality, 130,000 heartattacks, 13 million lost work days and 1.7million asthma attacks.
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The environment act: 1995 Includes so many agencies and set new standards for
environmental management. It covers England, Scotland and Wales, and the
Environment (Northern Ireland) Order 2002, requires alllocal authorities in the UK to review and assess air qualityin their area.
standards for ozone and polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAH), are subject to regulations made under theEnvironment Act 1995.
Contaminated land- identification, designation andremedies of contaminated land.
National park- responsible for establishment, functionsand financing of national park authorities.
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Environment protection act- 1990 the fundamental structure and authority for waste
management and control of emissions into the environment.
Part I- establishes a general regime by which the Secretary of
State, as of 2008 the Secretary of State for Environment, Foodand Rural Affairs, can prescribe any process or substance and setlimits on it in respect of emissions into the environment.
Part II sets out a regime for regulating and licensing theacceptable disposal ofcontrolled waste on land. Controlledwaste is any household, industrial and commercialwaste.
Part IIA - defines a scheme of identification and compulsoryremedial action for contaminated land.
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Part III- defines a class of statutory nuisances over whichthe local authority can demand remedial action supportedby criminal penalties.
Part IV- defines a set of criminal offences concerning litter.
Part V- defines a regime of statutory notification and riskassessment for genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
There are duties with respect to the import, acquisition,keeping, release or marketing of GMOs and the Secretaryof State has the power to prohibit specific GMOs if there isa danger of environmental damage.
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Land pollution.Objectiveclean up pollution on land where it is causing significant
harm or water pollution, where former industrial landchanges hands or is re-developed.
Legislation
Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 Statutory Guidance (Annex 3 of DEFRA Circular 01/2006) The Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 The Contaminated Land (Wales) Regulations 2006
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The Contaminated Land (England)
Regulations 2006These Regulations apply in relation to England only. Citation, commencement, application and interpretationIn these Regulations, unless otherwise indicated
(a) any reference to a numbered section is to the section ofthe 1990 Act which bears that number or, in relation toharm so far as attributable to any radioactivity possessed byany substances, to that section as modified by theRadioactive Contaminated Land and
(b) in relation to harm, so far as attributable to anyradioactivity possessed by any substances, any termdefined by the 1990 Act has the meaning given to it by that
Act as modified by the Radioactive Contaminated land.
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Land required to be designated as a special site.
Pollution of controlled waters
Content of remediation notices Service of copies of remediation notices
Compensation for rights of entry etc
Compensation for rights of entry etc
Grounds of appeal against a remediation notice
Appeals to the Secretary of State
Modification of a remediation notice etc.
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Sea waterMarine and coastal access act2009-It
will help us to achieve clean, healthy, safe, productive
and biologically diverse oceans and seas. It will provide better protection for our marine
environment; sustainable use of our marine resources;an integrated planning system for managing our seas,
coasts and estuaries; a robust legal framework fordecision-making; streamlined regulation andenforcement; and access to the coast.
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Marine strategy regulation2010- Itestablishes a high-level legal framework that ensures thatthe obligations which the Directive places on the UK are
assigned to a competent authority, and those competentauthorities are given the necessary powers to carry out theirroles.
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the UKto take necessary measures to achieve or maintain a goodenvironmental status in the marine environment by 2020.In particular ,Member States must develop a marinestrategy for their waters consisting of the followingelements.
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reven on an eme a on(Wales) Regulations 2009, SI
2009/995The Regulations aim to prevent environmental damageby imposing obligations on operators of economicactivities requiring them to prevent, limit orremediate environmental damage . They apply todamage to protected species, natural habitats, sites of
special scientific interest (SSSIs), water and land.
The Regulations aim to prevent environmentaldamage by imposing obligations on operators ofeconomic activities requiring them to prevent, limit or
remediate environmental damage. They apply todamage to protected species, natural habitats, sites ofspecial scientific interest (SSSIs), water and land.
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References http://www.legislation.gov.uk
www. Wikipedia.com
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Environmental Regulations
CANADA
Group:PRITHIN S. KURUVILA CE09B070
SUBIR PAUL CE09B074
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA3 February 2013
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Federal Environmental Law and
Regulation
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)Regulation of toxic substances, cross-border air and water pollution, and
waste disposal or dumping into the oceans Toxic Substances - The Act requires an importer or manufacturer to
notify the federal government of a new substance before manufactureor importation can take place in Canada
National Pollutant Release Inventory - Owners and operators of
facilities that manufacture, process or otherwise use one or more of thenumerous NPRI-listed substances under certain prescribed conditionsare required to report releases or off-site transfers of the substances toEnvironment Canada
Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases - 1) asbestos emissions from
asbestos mines and mills; 2) lead emissions from secondary leadsmelters; 3) mercury from chlor-alkali mercury plants; and 4) vinylchloride from vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride plants.
Most air emission regulation is conducted at the provincial level ofgovernment
3 February 2013
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)
Movement of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material -
implement Canadas obligations under the Basel Convention and certain
other international treaties or agreements aimed at controlling the
international movement of such materials.
Waste Disposal at Sea - Application for such a permit triggers an
environmental assessment process
Environmental Emergencies
Enforcement - The amendments raise maximum fines, establish minimum
penalties for more serious offences and create different classes of offenders,
whereby stiffer fines are imposed on large corporations compared to
small corporations or individuals
Public Participation and Consultation - CEPA provides for a number of
public participation measures designed to enhance public access to
information, and to encourage reporting and investigation of offences
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA
Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA)
To ensure that federal government agencies and bodies take
environmental concerns into consideration in their decision-making processes
CEAA is administered by the Canadian Environment AssessmentAgency
4 types of assessments under the act: screening, comprehensivestudy, panel review (public hearing) or mediation
A screening assessment is generally the most basic process and isusually reserved for activities whose environmental effects are
well known.
The comprehensive study involves a more in-depth assessment.
Where warranted, the government can require furtherassessment of a project by way of a panel review or mediation.
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA
Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 (TDGA)
Hazardous Products Act (HPA) and Canada Consumer Product
Safety Act
Pest Control Products Act, 2002
Fisheries Act
Canada Shipping Act
Marine Liability Act
Navigable Waters Protection Act
Oceans Act
Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act
Species at Risk Act (SARA)
Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA)
Canada National Parks Act
Energy Efficiency Act
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Provincial Legislations
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA3 February 2013
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Alberta
Alberta Land Stewardship Act(2009) Statutory Under-Pinning of states Land Use Framework Aims for sustainability through cumulative effects management Divides Alberta into seven zones, with individual regional plans Public Consultation and presentation to Legislative .Assembly
Individual and collective rights to grievance redress and review. Environment Protection and Enhancement Act
Delegates authority to Ministry of Environment and sub-divisions Aims at sustainability, and eco-friendly economic growth Opportunities for citizens to advice government on decisions Promotes the Polluter Pays principle Underlines the need for Governmental Leadership
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Alberta
Climate Change and Emissions Management Act Mandates emissions trading, mandatory reporting, funds for
research in environmental sciences , minimization of emissions Four-fold options to industries: Operational Efficiency, Purchase
Emission offsets, CCEMA Fund Credits or Emissions Trading.
Specific bodies created to ensure mandatory reporting, cuttingdown on emissions, fund management and defaulter penalties Fisheries(Alberta) Act and Wildlife Act
Licensing schemes for fishing and hunting Regulation of sale of fish and wildlife Specific regulations for operating in areas with endangered
species Very important guidelines for operation in Caribou protection
areas. .
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British Columbia Environmental Management Act
Establishes a specific regime for the handling of hazardous wastes
Provides for pollution abatement and pollution prevention orders.
Provides for orders requiring remediation of contaminated sites
Range of offences: Failure to handle hazardous wastes, failure to
comply with regulations, failure to report a spill of waste Maximum penalties C$ 3 million and/or 3 years imprisonment
Action on Climate Change The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Act: 33% reduction by 2020
from 2007 GHG levels, 80% reduction by 2050.
Renewable and Low Carbons Act: Sets standards for renewable fuelin transportation fuel, reduction of fuel carbon intensity, etc.
Cap and Trade Act: Part of Western Climate Initiative, aiming to capemissions and promote trading among 7 US and 4 Canada states.
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British Columbia Water, Fisheries and Wildlife Legislation
The Water Act: Establishes licensing for diversion of water andalteration or rehabilitation of streams and channels. Fish Protection Act:: Prohibits construction on or near
sensitive streams and establishes rules for new residential andindustrial area
Wildlife Act: Protects endangered species and habitats,regulatory authority for alien species (snakes, tigers),protection for raptors.
Natural Resources Legislation Forest and Range Practices Act: Preservation of soils, timber,
biodiversity, cultural heritage, forage and wildlife.
Private Managed Forest Land Act: Creates Mechanism for regulation offorest practices on private lands Petroleum and Natural Gas Act: Geophysical licences, exploration
project approvals, well, test hole authorizations.
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Quebec Water Resources Preservation Act (2009)
Water Resource Protection and Management Authority, created tomonitor water withdrawals exceeding 75,000 liters per day Authorization valid for 10 years, subject to no transfer out of Quebec
Natural Resources legislation Petroleum Products Act: Standards for petro products monitoring
and maintenance of petroleum infrastructure, leak prevention,
safety. Conservation and Development of Wildlife: Rules for hunting,
fishing and trapping on public land, wildlife conservation measures,etc.
Sustainable Development Act Creates office of Sustainable Development Commissioner for
environmental audits within office of the Auditor General Elevates right to environmental quality to the level of an economic
and social right under Quebec Charter of Human Right andFreedom. .
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By:Smaranika Panda
CE12S020Hema Priyamvada R
CE12D040
Principles of environmental law in the Federal
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Principles of environmental law in the FederalRepublic of Germany
All the laws are based on these 3 main principles
PREVENTION PRINCIPLE to avoid environmental impact, hazard or damageinstead of repairing damages
"POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE requests that whoever has caused a damage must payfor its consequences. It is therefore an economic means to reduceemissions at the sources.
COOPERATION PRINCIPLE requires the joint activity of official parties, theplant operators and the public to avoid environmentaldamage, hazards or molestations. It also requests international cooperation inenvironmental policy.
E l l h l
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Environmental laws - Chronology
Environmental laws are based on the Environmental action
programme
1987 1992 - Fourth EAP
1977 1981 - Second EAP
1973 First EAP
1982 1986 - Third EAP
1992 1999 Fifth EAP
1997 -2003 Sixth EAP
Key salient features of EAPS
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Key salient features of EAP S
First EAP - water protection and waste, with special reference to agriculture and spatial
planning, emissions control.
Second EAP Nature Protection received special attention.
Third EAP - Waste avoidance, efficient resource use and integrated environmental
technologies.
Fourth EAP - proposed a more integrated approach. For the first time, environmentalprotection was not perceived as an additive, but rather as an integrated activity within the
whole production process.
Fifth EAP -The principal aim was sustainable development, the action programme proposed
structural change in favour of public transport, energy efficiency and waste prevention
Sixth EAP - addressed so-called persistent environmental problems, such as climate change,
the loss of biodiversity or the over-consumption of resources. Key issues : pesticides,
resources, recycling, soils, the urban environment, the marine environment, and clean air.
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Rules & Regulations for Water Name of the Act: The Water ResourcesManagement Act (1986)
Salient features : The act is oriented towards the principle of precaution, i.e.
environmental damage or hazards are to be avoided by measures
of environmental policy.
prohibits the discharge of contaminated solid substances into
bodies of water for the purpose of waste disposal.
Plants must appoint a water protection representative.
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Environmental Liability of Waterresources act
The water resources management act encompasses two
areas of liability, i.e. actions and plants.
Action liability commits the party who changes the biological,chemical or physical condition of water by the discharge or
introduction of substances to compensate for any damage arising.
Plant liability can be explained as the escape of oil through leaks
in tanks. Liability covers the owner of the plant.
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Water resources management act-rules as stated in the environmental legislation
W
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Waste
Name of the Act: The Recycling Act has been in force since 7 October 1996
Definition : It is defined as the obligation to design
products in such a way that waste products are reduced and avoided even at the
production stage and during use;
the environmentally sound recycling and disposal proceduresof waste (arising after use) is ensured.
The drawing up of waste management concepts is compulsoryfor companies
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The Recycling Act rules as stated inthe environmental legislation
Rules & Regulations for Air
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Rules & Regulations for Air(inclusive of atmosphere in general)
Name of the Act: The Federal Pollution Control Act The act to protect against harmful environmental effects from air pollutants,
noises, vibrations and similar phenomena has been in force since 1985.
Objective :
to protect people, fauna and flora, soils, water, the atmosphere as well as
cultural and material assets against hazards, nuisance and disadvantages which
may arise from plants subject to mandatory licensing.
The plants include power plants, chemical plants, waste disposal and recycling
facilities, mining and refineries.
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The Air Act rules as stated in theenvironmental legislation
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Environmental Impact Assessment Act Name of the Act :The Environmental Impact Assessment
Act (1990)
Salient features : The act is oriented towards the precautionary principle.
For construction projects (new structures and structural
changes)the environmental impact must be estimated and
analysed in advance with regard to pollution, resource
consumption and pollutant emissions
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Environmental Liability Act
Name of the act : The Product Liability Act (1990) :
The Product Liability Act relates to damage caused by a product
and is thus not a specific environmental law but it includes
environmental damage.
Liability covers only persons and damage to private property.
Environmental Audit Acts
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Environmental Audit Acts
The EC Eco Audit Regulation (1993):
Feature :It is aimed at continuously improving company environmentalprotection and continuously reducing company environmental effects.
The Environmental Audit Act (1995):
Feature :The Environmental Audit Act (EAG) regulates the effective
implementation of the EC Eco Audit Regulations in the Federal Republic
of Germany.
The EAG provides for three different areas of regulation
The approval of independent, reliable and expert environmental
verifiers and environmental verification organisations
The exercise of effective supervision of approved environmental
verifiers and environmental verification organisations
The registration of the corporate sites audited
Case study :
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Case study :German Action Plan for the implementation of measures afterthe Fukushima Dai-ichi reactor accident
Immediately after the reactor accidents in the Japanese Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear
power plants (NPPs), actions were initiated in Germany to review the safety ofGerman NPPs.
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By
V. Nandita CE09B075
K. Malleswari CE09B022
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Introduction 3rd largest economy in the world with many industries.
So pollution is very high and inevitable
Some of the environmental issues include urban air
pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, andtoxics),waste management, water eutrophication, natureconservation, climate change, chemical management andinternational co-operation for conservation.
Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development ofnew environment-friendly technologies, and is ranked 20thbest in the world in the 2010 Environmental PerformanceIndex
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Laws to prevent pollution 1897 - Forest Law To protect forests from being ruined and to conserve national
land
1919 - Law for the Protection of Historical Sites,
Scenic Beauties and Natural Monuments 1931 - National park law
Various institutions and frameworks to facilitate protectionand use of landscapes, and enable efficient management ofnational parks
These steps towards environmental protection weregradually totally neglected because of GreatDepression in 1929 and rise to power of Japanesemilitary.
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Basic Pollution Control 1967 - Basic Law for Pollution Control :
Regulations on emissions, land use and facility location,development of pollution control facilities, monitoring,
research and study and subsidies. 1970 - Pollution Control Diet
Included 14 pollution control laws and otherenvironmental measures.
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1971 - Environmental Agencywas established duringthis session
Major activities to promote policies for pollution control
and nature conservation and overall coordination ofenvironmental measures implemented by otherministries and agencies
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Water 1958 Water Quality Conservation Law and Factory Effluent Law 1970 Water Pollution Control Law :
System to notify specifies facilities, Waste water regulation common to thewhole country, continuous monitoring of the water quality, total pollutantload control for closed sea areas, measures for domestic effluents such as thedesignation of priority areas
Amended in 1989 Extended to Groundwater pollution also Amended in 1990 Promotion of Controls for Domestic waste water 1973 Interim Law for Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea
Basic Plan for the Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea,License system for the installation of specified facilities, Natural Sea ShoreConservation Area System, Consideration for Environmental Conservation
in Reclamation
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1984 Law concerning Special Measures for thePreservation of Lake Water Quality
Implementation of projects to contribute to the protectionof water quality, which includes construction of sewage
systems, and strict regulations of various pollution sources,for designated lakes and ponds. This law initiated systematicefforts against urban pollution by domestic sources.
1994 Drinking Water Law and Law concerning
Special Measures for the Protection of Water Quality The law promoted development of consolidated private
sewage treatment facilities and river projects
1997 Amended River Law
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Air 1949 Tokyo Metropolitan Government introducesOrdinance to control Pollution from Factories firstpollution control ordinance in the country
1962 Law concerning Controls on emission of smokeand dust
Regulation of smoke and dust emissions, operation of airpollution monitoring system, assistance of regulated facilities
1968 Air Pollution Control Law
Provisions to protect air quality by measures such as to controlemissions of soot and smoke and particulate matters fromfactories and to set maximum permissible limits for automobileexhaust, provisions to enforce regulations
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1993 The Japan Fund for Global Environment createdwithin the Japan Environmental Corporation tosupport activities of NGOs Supports environmental protection activities, including
funding recycling, greenery and nature conservation relatedactivities undertaken by environmental NGOs both in Japanand internationally
1995 National Strategy of Japan on Biodiversity Provides the target and the direction for the measures of the
government on the conservation and sustainable use ofbiological diversity in accordance with the Convention onBiological Diversity in order for the current and futuregenerations are able to receive nature's blessings frombiodiversity.
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1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)
Sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduceemissions of greenhouse gases
1998 Law concerning the Promotion of the measuresto cope with Global Warming
Establishes responsibilities of the central government, localgovernments, businesses and citizens to cope with global
warming
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1995 National Strategy of Japan on Biodiversity
Provides the target and the direction for the measures ofthe government on the conservation and sustainable use
of biological diversity in accordance with the Conventionon Biological Diversity in order for the current and futuregenerations are able to receive nature's blessings frombiodiversity
1979 - Act on the Rational Use of Energy To reduce CO2 emissions from energy sources. To
implement the measures required for the rational use ofenergy with regard to factories, transportation, buildings,and machinery and equipment.
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2001 Creation of Ministry of Environment
2003 Law for encouragement ofenvironmental preservation activities andpromotion of environmental education wasenacted
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Submitted by:
Hrishikesh C G (CE12D041)
Sumeet Singh Makkar (CE12M038)
Conservation Act
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The Environment Protection and BiodiversityConservation Act 1999 is the primary piece of national
environmental legislation.
The EPBC Act provides a legal framework to protectand manage nationally and internationally importantflora, fauna, ecological communities and heritageplacesdefined in the EPBC Act as matters of national environmental significance.
Conservation Act,
1999
Matter of
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The eight matters of national environmental significance towhich the EPBC Act applies are:
world heritage sites national heritage places wetlands of international importance (often called Ramsar
wetlands after the international treaty under which suchwetlands are listed)
nationally threatened species and ecological communities migratory species Commonwealth marine areas the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park nuclear actions. (including uranium mining & building
of nuclear waste repositories )
Matter of
significance
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Key provisions of the EPBC Act are largely based on the followingtreaties: World Heritage Convention The Convention for the Protection
of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1975; Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetlands of
International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat 1975; The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992; JAMBA Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; CAMBA China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; Bonn Convention Convention on the Conservation of
Migratory Species of Wild Animals; CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1976.
treaties
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NEPC is a statutory body with law making powersestablished under the National Environment ProtectionCouncil Act 1994 (Commonwealth) and correspondinglegislation in the other jurisdictions.
On 26 June 1998, the National Environment ProtectionCouncil (NEPC) made Australia's first national ambient airquality standards as part of the National EnvironmentProtection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (the'Air NEPM').
Australia does not have national air quality emissionsstandards. Environment protection authorities inindividual States and Territories set such standards
National Environment Protection
Council Act, 1994
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The Water Act 2007 commenced on 3 March 2008 and implementedkey reforms for water management in Australia.
The Act establishes the Murray-Darling Basin Authority(MDBA)with the functions and powers, needed to ensure that Basin waterresources are managed in an integrated and sustainable way.
The Act establishes a Commonwealth Environmental WaterHolder to manage the Commonwealth's environmental water toprotect and restore the environmental assets of the Murray-DarlingBasin, and outside the Basin where the Commonwealth owns water.
The Act provides the Australian Competition and ConsumerCommission (ACCC) with a key role in developing andenforcing water charge and water market rules along the linesagreed in the National Water Initiative.
Water Act, 2007
(
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The main purpose of the Hazardous Waste (Regulation ofExports and Imports) Act 1989 (the Act) is to regulate theexport and import of hazardous waste to ensure that hazardous
waste is disposed of safely so that human beings and the
environment, both within and outside Australia, are protectedfrom the harmful effects of the waste. The original Act of 1989 only controlled movements of wastes
that lacked financial value, usually destined for final disposaloperations (for example, by incineration or landfill).
In 1996, the Act was amended to include wastes that possess
financial value, usually destined for recycling and recoveryoperations.
These amendments enabled Australia to meet all of itsobligations under the Basel Convention
Hazardous Waste (Regulation of
Exports and Imports) Act, 1989
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(
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Waters surrounding Australia's coastlines are protected from wastesand pollution dumped at sea by the Environment Protection (SeaDumping) Act 1981 (the Sea Dumping Act).
The Sea Dumping Act regulates the loading and dumping of waste atsea.
The Act fulfils Australia's international obligations under the LondonProtocol to prevent marine pollution by dumping of wastes and othermatter
Permits are required from the Department for all ocean disposalactivities, which include:
dredging operations the creation of artificial reefs dumping of vessels, platforms or other man-made structures burials at sea
Environment Protection (Sea
Dumping) Act, 1981
Standards Act
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The Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 (the Act)provides a legislative framework for setting nationalfuel quality and fuel quality information standards forAustralia.
Fuel quality standards have been made for petrol,
diesel, biodiesel, autogas and ethanol E85. A fuel quality information labelling standard has been
made for Ethanol (in petrol) and ethanol E85
Standards Act,
2000
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Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (TSP Act), Tasmania
Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, Western Australia
Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) (FFG Act), Victoria
National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, South Australia Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, New South
Wales (TSC Act)
Nature Conservation Act 1980, Australian Capital Territory
Nature Conservation Act, Queensland
Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act2000 (TPWCA), Northern Territory
Environment Assessment Act, Northern Territory
State acts
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Endangered Species Protection Act 1993Australian Wildlife Protection Act 1998
Natural Heritage Trust of Australia Act 1997, whichestablished the Natural Heritage Trust, providing
funding
Related acts
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http://www.environment.gov.au/about/legislation.html
http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/C2004A00392
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
Act 1999 (Act No. 91 of 1999 as amended)
Overview of environmental law in Western Australia
(Environmental Defenders Office of Western Australia(Inc.)) Fact Sheet 01Updated March 2011
References
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In
BRAZIL
SWAPNIL R. KENDRE CE12M084
ARUN NAGARKATTI ME12S019
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The basis is established in the 1988 Federal
Constitution, Article 225
states: All have the right to an ecologically
balanced environment which is an asset ofcommon use and essential to a healthyquality of life, and both the Government
and the community shall have the duty todefend and preserve it for present andfuture generations.
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The policy for environment comprises
goals
proceedings,
formulation
implementation mechanisms
for protection and use of the natureresources.
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This act creates Environment National Council (CONAMA), agovernment agency subordinated to the Ministry of theEnvironment, Water Resources and Legal
Amazonian Region (MMA)
Environment National System (SISNAMA), whichrepresents the integration of activities of the threespheres of government - federal, states andmunicipalities.
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This act creates The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable
Natural Resources (IBAMA) is the federal agency incharge for the implementation of
this policy.
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Other important environment-related acts
Act 11284/2006: provides for public forestsmanagement;
Act 11428/2006: use and protection of Atlantic Forest
Biome;
Act 4771/1965 Forest Code
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Act 4771/1965 Forest Code
The 'Rural Property' legal concept;
Definition of Permanent Preservation Areas (related toslope, top of hills, width of water bodies);
Definition of Legal Reserve; Suppression of NativeForests;
Limits of Parks and Public Forests, which must bedepicted in official
Act. 9985/2000 SNUC the National System of
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Nature Conservation Areas
Definition of boundaries of Conservation Units (UCs),damp areas and ecological corridors; Definition ofConservation Units Mosaics;
Calculation of financial compensation for traditionalpopulations living within UCs areas;
survey of areas without legal registration intended fornature conservation; SNUC areas must be depicted in
official maps.
Act 7661/1988
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National Coastal Management Plan
Definition for Ecological-Economic Coastal Zoning -ZEEC, which
guides the territorial planning process;
sets the high tide line, the coastline and the seawaterfront.
Act 4118/1962
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Nuclear Power National Policy
Location of mines and deposits of the interestedsubstance for production of atomic energy
which are national reserves, essential for country
security, and held by the Union as imprescriptible and inalienable
goods
Act 6938/1981
l l f
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National Policy for Environment
Potentially polluting activities control and zoning;
Control of threatened or degraded areas;
Tax collecting for survey
licensing activities accordingly to the land use andarea size.
Act 9433/1997
i l li
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Water Resources National Policy
Definition for Watershed; Calculation of river basinareas;
Class definitions for water bodies.
Act 9605/1998
E i t l C i L
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Environmental Crimes Law
Penalties for deforestation,
economic exploitation or
degradation of native or planted forest area.
Act 6766/1979
U b A M t L
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Urban Areas Management Law
Definition of Urban Areas and Urban Expansion;
Definition of Water flood areas,
slope above 30% and ecological preservation areas
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Tabish Umar AnsariCe12s023
MS Environmental Engineering
The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 and
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The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 andentered into force 1 January 1999
The rules contained within 15 acts have been amalgamated
in the Code As many similar rules in previous statutes have been
replaced with common rules, the number of provisions hasbeen reduced
The Environmental Code is nonetheless a major piece oflegislation
The Code contains 33 chapters comprising almost 500sections
However, it is only the fundamental environmental rulesthat are included in the Environmental Code, moredetailed provisions are laid down in ordinances made bythe Government.
Objectives and Area of Application
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The Environmental Code shall be applied in such a way as toensure that:
1. human health and the environment are protected againstdamage and detriment, whether caused by pollutants or otherimpacts;
2. valuable natural and cultural environments are protected and
preserved;3. biological diversity is preserved;
4. the use of land, water and the physical environment in generalis such as to secure a long term good management in ecological,
social, cultural and economic terms; and5. reuse and recycling, as well as other management of materials,
raw materials and energy are encouraged with a view toestablishing
Protection of Nature
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The right of access to private land etc.
Section 1Any person who exercises the right of access toprivate land or is in the countryside for any other reasonshall treat it with due care and consideration
National parks
Section 2A land or water area that belongs to the statemay with the consent of Parliament be designated anational park by the Government for the purpose ofpreserving a large contiguous area of a certain landscape
type in its natural state or essentiallyunchanged
Nature reserves
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Section 4A land or water area may be declared a naturereserve by a county administrative board or a municipality for
the purpose of preserving biological diversity, protecting andpreserving valuable natural environments or satisfying theneed of areas for outdoor recreation.
Culture reserves
Section 9A land or water area may be designated a culture
reserve for the purpose of preserving valuable culturallandscapes. The provisions of sections 4 to 6 shall beapplicable to such an area.The fact that there is a building orstructure in the area that is protected as a historical building,
a church monument or an immovable antiquity pursuant tothe Act (1988:950) concerning Ancient Monuments andFinds shall not prevent the area being
designated a culture reserve.
Natural monumentsS i A di i i l bj b
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Section 10A distinctive natural object may bedesignated a natural monument by a countyadministrative board or a municipality if it is in need ofspecial protection or care. The designation may alsoinclude the land area that is required in order topreserve the natural object and give it sufficient space.Habitat protection areas
Section 11 Small land and water areas that constitutehabitats for endangered animal and plant species or areotherwise particularly worthy of protection may bedesignated habitat protection areas by the Governmentor the authority appointed by the Government. Such
designations may relate to individual areas or all theareas of a certain type in the country or part of thecountry.
Wildlife and plant sanctuaries
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Wildlife and plant sanctuaries
Section 12 If an animal or plant species needs special
protection in a special area, over and above theprohibitions imposed in chapter 8, sections 1 and 2 orthe prohibitions and restrictions provided for in thelegislation on hunting and fishing, a municipality or a
county administrative board may issue rules restrictingthe right to hunting or fishing or the right of the publicor the owner of the land to enter the area.
Shore protection areas
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p
Section 13 Shore protection applies by the sea, lakes
and watercourses. The purpose of shore protection isto assure public access to outdoor recreationfacilities and to maintain good living conditions forplant and animal species on land and in water.
Water protection areasSection 21A land or water area may be designated a
water protection area by a county administrativeboard or a municipality for the purpose of protectingsurface water or groundwater supplies that are, orare likely to be, used as water catchments.
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Water operationsChapter 11. Water operations
Content of the chapter
Section 1 This chapter contains provisions relating to
water operations and water structures. Provisionsrelating to water operations and water structures are alsocontained in chapter 6, section 5 of the Act (1998:812)Containing Special Provisions
concerning Water Operations.
Special conditions applying to water operations
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p pp y g p
Section 6Water operations may only be undertaken if
the benefits from the point of view of public and privateinterests are greater than the costs and damageassociated with them.
Further provisions relating to certain water structures
are contained in sections 19 and 20 of the ElectricityPreparedness Act
(1997:228).
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Environmental concerns in agriculture
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g
Section 7 For the purposes of sections 8 and 9
agricultural land shall mean arable and grazing landbelonging to a property that is taxed as an agriculturalholding. However, the provisions of those sections shallnot apply to agricultural land:
1. which belongs to a property that was established forpurposes other than agriculture and has subsequentlynot been taxed; or
2. which is designated for purposes other than
agriculture in detailed development plans or arearegulations pursuant to the
Planning and Building Act (1987:10).
Other Features
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Special provisions concerning genetic engineering,Chemical products and biotechnical organisms, Wasteand producer responsibility
Compensation for certain kinds of environmentaldamage and other private claims
Environmental damage insurance and environmentalclean-up insurance
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Republic of South AfricaRepubliek van Suid-Afrika
A presentation by
Ansik Mahapatra (CE09B065)Ajay Kumar (CE09B064)
National Environmental
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National Environmental
Management Act 1998Date of Commencement: 19th November 1998
ACTTo provide for co-operative, environmental governance byestablishing principlesfor decision-making on matters affecting the environment,institutions that willpromote co-operative governance and procedures forcoordinating environmentalfunctions exercised by organs of state; and to provide formatters connectedtherewith.
National Environmental
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National Environmental
Management Act 1998Principles Environmental management must place people and their needs
at the forefront of its concern, and serve their physical.psychological, developmental, cultural and social interestsequitably
Development must be socially, environmentally andeconomically sustainable
Environmental justice must be pursued so that adverseenvironmental impacts shall not be distributed in such a manneras to unfairly discriminate against any person, particularly
vulnerable and disadvantaged persons Responsibility for the environmental health and safety
consequences of a policy, program, project, product. process.service or activity exists throughout its life cycle
Marine Living Resources Act 18 of
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Marine Living Resources Act 18 of
1998 Commencement Date: 1st September 1998
ACT
To provide for the conservation of the marine ecosystem,
the long-term sustainable utilization of marine livingresources and the orderly access to exploitation,utilization and protection of certain marine livingresources; and for these purposes to provide for theexercise of control over marine living resources in a fairand equitable manner to the benefit of all the citizens ofSouth Africa; and to provide for matters connectedtherewith.
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Objectives and Principles
The need to achieve optimum utilization and ecologically sustainabledevelopment of marine living resources
The need to conserve marine living resources for both present andfuture generations
The need to protect the ecosystem as a whole, including species whichare not targeted for exploitation The need to preserve marine biodiversity The need to minimize marine pollution The need to apply precautionary approaches in respect of the
management and development of marine living resources
The need to achieve to the extent practicable a broad and accountableparticipation in the decision-making processes provided for in this Act
Dumping at Sea Control Act 73 of
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Dumping at Sea Control Act 73 of
1980 Date of Commencement: 23rdApril 1982
ACT
To provide for the control of dumping of substances inthe sea
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Prohibited Substances Organohalogen compounds.
Mercury and its compounds.
Cadmium and its compounds.
Persistent plastics and other persistent synthetic materials. High-level radio-active waste or other high-level radio-
active matter prescribed by regulation with theconcurrence of the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs.
Substances in whatever form produced for biological andchemical warfare.
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Restricted Substances
Arsenic and its compounds.
Lead and its compounds.
Copper and its compounds.
Zinc and its compounds.
Organosilicon compounds.
Cyanides.
Fluorides.
Pesticides and their by-productsnot included in Schedule 1.
Beryllium and its compounds. Chromium and its compounds. Nickel and its compounds. Vanadium and its compounds. Containers, scrap metal and any
substances or articles that byreason of their bulk may interfere
with fishing or navigation. Radio-active waste or other radio-
active matter not included inSchedule 1.
Ammunition.
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Any person who(a) dumps any substance mentioned as prohibited;(b) (i) dumps any substance mentioned as
restricted;(ii) loads any such substance onto any vessel,
aircraft, platform or other man-made structure at sea fordumping;
(iii) deliberately disposes at sea of any vessel,aircraft, platform or other man-made structure,shall be guilty of an offence, unless the substance in question
was dumped for the purpose of saving human life or of
securing the safety of the vessel, aircraft, platform or otherman-made structure at sea in question
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Compiled by:Thomas Lalrinchana - CE12M085
V. Vamsi Krishna CE12M086
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Contd..
Fuel quality standards Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and
Imports) Act 1989
Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas
Management Act 1989 National Environment Protection Council Act 1994
National Environment Protection Measures(Implementation) Act 1998
Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Heritage Protection Act
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Islander Heritage Protection Act
To protect traditionally important areas andobjects.
The government can make special orders, calleddeclarations, to protect significant Aboriginalareas, objects and classes of objects fromthreats of injury or desecration.
The power to make declarations is meant to be
used as a last resort, after the relevantprocesses of the state or territory have beenexhausted.
Antarctic international lawand Treaty
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and Treaty
Activities in Antarctica and its surroundingseas are governed by a unique agreementbetween nations.
In recognition of Antarctica as the last greatwilderness on earth the Madrid Protocol wascreated under the Antarctic Treaty System in1991 to make certain mutually agreed
resolutions on the environment legally bindingupon member nations.
The environmental aspects of activities in themarine environment surrounding Antarctica are
rinci all overned b this treat
Environment Protection (AlligatorRivers Region) Act 1978
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Rivers Region) Act 1978
To devise, develop, coordinate the implementation of,and assess programs for research into theenvironmental effects of uranium mining in theAlligator Rivers Region
To devise, develop and promote standards andpractices in relation to uranium mining operations andrehabilitation in the Alligator Rivers Region;
To coordinate and supervise the implementation of
legal requirements, under any relevant legislation,associated with environmental aspects of uraniummining in the Alligator Rivers Region; and
To advise the Minister for the Environment, Water,Heritage and the Arts on environmental matters within
Biodiversity ConservationAct
http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/about/arr/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/about/arr/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.html8/13/2019 Lecture-9-Group Prsentations on International Environmental Policies and Regulations-01022013
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Act It is the Australian Governments central piece of
environmental legislation.
It provides a legal framework to protect andmanage nationally and internationally importantflora, fauna, ecological communities and heritageplaces
Sea dumping act
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Waters surrounding Australia's coastlines areprotected from wastes and pollution dumped at seaby the Environment Protection (Sea Dumping) Act1981.
The Sea Dumping Act regulates the loading anddumping of waste at sea.
The Act fulfils Australia's international obligationsunder the London Protocol to prevent marine
pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter.
Fuel quality standards
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The Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000(the Act)provides a legislative framework for settingnational fuel quality and fuel quality informationstandards for Australia.
Fuel quality standards have been made for petrol,diesel, biodiesel, autogas and ethanol E85.
A fuel quality information labelling standard hasbeen made for Ethanol (in petrol) and ethanol E85.
Hazardous Waste(Regulation of Exports and
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(Regulation of Exports and
Imports) Act 1989 The main purpose is to regulate the export and
import of hazardous waste to ensure that
hazardous waste is disposed of safely so thathuman beings and the environment, both within andoutside Australia, are protected from the harmfuleffects of the waste.
Greenhouse Gas Management Act1989
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1989
The Commonwealth Ozone Protection andSynthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act1989(the Act) controls the manufacture,
import and export of all ozone depletingsubstances (ODSs) and their syntheticgreenhouse gas (SGG) replacements.
It also controls imports of refrigeration and
air-conditioning equipment containing an HFC orHCFC refrigerant and grants theCommonwealth the power to create a nationallyconsistent system to control the end uses of
National EnvironmentProtection Council Act 1994
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Protection Council Act 1994
The objective of act is: People enjoy the benefit of equivalent protection
from air, water or soil pollution and from noise,wherever they live in Australia; and
Decisions of the business community are notdistorted, and markets are not fragmented, byvariations between participating jurisdictions inrelation to the adoption or implementation of majorenvironment protection measures.
Measures (Implementation) Act1998
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1998
The objects of this Act are: to make provision for the implementation of
national environment protection measures inrespect of certain activities carried on by or on
behalf of the Commonwealth and Commonwealthauthorities; and
to protect, restore and enhance the quality ofthe environment in Australia, having regard to
the need to maintain ecologically sustainabledevelopment; and
to ensure that the community has access torelevant and meaningful information about
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