Lecture 26. Introduction to Relativistic Classical and ......2012/04/03 · Lecture 26....

Lecture 26. Introduction to Relativistic Classical and Quantum Mechanics

(Ch. 2-5 of Unit 2 4.03.12)

Group vs. phase velocity and tangent contacts Reviewing “Sin-Tan Rosetta” geometry

How optical CW group and phase properties give relativistic mechanics Three kinds of mass (Einstein rest mass, Galilean momentum mass, Newtonian inertial mass)

What’s the matter with light? Bohr-Schrodinger (BS) approximation throws out Mc2

Deriving relativistic quantum Lagrangian-Hamiltonian relationsFeynman’s flying clock and phase minimization

Geometry of relativistic mechanics

(Includes Lecture 25 review)

1Tuesday, April 3, 2012

Relativistic Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Introducing the “Sin-Tan Rosetta Stone”

https://www.uark.edu/ua/pirelli/php/hyper_constrct.php

NOTE: Angle φ is now called stellar aberration angle σ

Fig. C.2-3and

Fig. 5.4in Unit 2

More about the“Sin-Tan Rosetta”

Note identities

Deriving relativistic quantum Lagrangian-Hamiltonian relationsGeometry of relativistic mechanics

Group vs. phase velocity and tangent contacts

(From Fig. 2.3.4)

GGrroouupp vveelloocciittyy u aanndd pphhaassee vveelloocciittyy c2/uaarree hhyyppeerrbboolliicc ttaannggeenntt ssllooppeess

Newtonian speed u~cρRelativisticgroup wavespeed u=c tanh ρ

LLooww ssppeeeedd aapppprrooxxiimmaattiioonn

== BB==22ϖ

433221100--11

BB ccoosshh ρ

BB ssiinnhh ρBB ee--ρ ck

== 22BB==442ϖ

BB ee++ρ

Ghyperbolas

P hyperbolasc line

c dω =dcckkcckkω=

Group velocity

k=BB ssiinnhh ρω=BB ccoosshh ρ

ω =cckkccuu

Phase velocity

== BBϖ

Rare but important case where

with LARGE Δk(not infinitesimal)

dωdk =

ΔωΔk

PPΔω

BB ssiinnhh ρ

BB ccoosshh ρ

Rapidity ρ approaches u/c

Lecture 25 ended here 6Tuesday, April 3, 2012

PPΔω

BB ssiinnhh ρ

BB ccoosshh ρ

Group vs. phase velocity and tangent contacts

PPΔω

BB ssiinnhh ρ

BB ccoosshh ρ

Start with low speed approximations : ω = Bcoshρ = B(1+2

1 ρ2 + ...) where: ρ uc

cp'=hck'cctt

cctt''

EnergyE=hω

Momentumcp=hck

ωm=49ω1

76543210-1-2-3-4-4-6m

251694

(a) Einstein-Planck Dispersion

(b) DeBroglie-Bohr Dispersion

E'=hω'E2 - c2p2 =(Mc2)2

photon: M=0E = c p

E = p2/2M

E = B m2

tachyon:

Bohr - Schrodinger Dispersion

Einstein - Planck Dispersion

Mrest(γ)=0 Mmom(γ)=p/c=k/c=ω/c2 Meff(γ)=∞

Equations (4.11) in Unit 2

Three kinds of mass for photon γ in CW relativistic theory What’s the matter with light?

(1)Einstein rest mass (2) Galilean momentum mass (3) Newtonian inertial mass Mrest= Mmom=p/u= Mmom=F/a=

ω proper

kdωdk

d 2ωdk 2

A 2-CW 600THz cavity has zero total momentum p, but each photon adds a tiny mass Mγ to it.

Mγ=ω/c2=ω (1.2·10-51)kg·s= 4.5·10-36kg (for: ω = 2π·600THz )

A 1-CW state has no rest mass, but 1-photon momentum is a non-zero value pγ=Mγ c. (Galilean revemge II.)

pγ=k=ω/c=ω (4.5·10-43)kg·m=1.7·10-27kg·m·s-1 (for: ω = 2π·600THz )

(1)Einstein rest mass (2) Galilean momentum mass (3) Newtonian inertial mass Mrest= Mmom=p/u= Meff=F/a=

ω proper

kdωdk

d 2ωdk 2

ω proper

kdωdk

d 2ωdk 2

ω proper

kdωdk

d 2ωdk 2

Bohr-Schrodinger (BS) approximation throws out Mc2

E =Mc2

1− u2 / c2= Mc2 coshρ = Mc2 1+ sinh2 ρ = Mc2( )2 + cp( )2

E = Mc2( )2 + cp( )2⎡

⎣⎢

⎦⎥1/2

≈ Mc2 + 12M

p2 BS−approx⎯ →⎯⎯⎯⎯12M

The BS claim: may shift energy origin (E=Mc2, cp=0) to (E=0, cp=0). (Frequency is relative!)

cp'=hck'cctt

cctt''

EnergyE=hω

Momentumcp=hck

ωm=49ω1

76543210-1-2-3-4-4-6m

251694

E'=hω'E2 - c2p2 =(Mc2)2

photon: M=0E = c p

E = p2/2M

E = B m2

tachyon:

=dkdω

Group velocity u=Vgroup is a differential quantity unaffected by origin shift.

Phase velocity =Vphase is greatly reduced by deleting Mc2 from E=ω.

It slows from Vphase=c2/u to a sedate sub-luminal speed of Vgroup/2.

ω BS (k) = k 2

2M gives: v phase=

and: vgroup=dω BS

dk= kM

E =Mc2

E = Mc2( )2 + cp( )2⎡

⎣⎢

⎦⎥1/2

≈ Mc2 + 12M

cp'=hck'cctt

cctt''

EnergyE=hω

Momentumcp=hck

ωm=49ω1

76543210-1-2-3-4-4-6m

251694

E'=hω'E2 - c2p2 =(Mc2)2

photon: M=0E = c p

E = p2/2M

E = B m2

tachyon:

=dkdω

Phase velocity =Vphase is greatly reduced by deleting Mc2 from E=ω.

ω BS (k) = k 2

2M gives: v phase=

and: vgroup=dω BS

dk= kM

=dkdω

But, Phase velocity =Vphase is greatly reduced by deleting Mc2 from E=ω.

E =Mc2

E = Mc2( )2 + cp( )2⎡

⎣⎢

⎦⎥1/2

≈ Mc2 + 12M

cp'=hck'cctt

cctt''

EnergyE=hω

Momentumcp=hck

ωm=49ω1

76543210-1-2-3-4-4-6m

251694

E'=hω'E2 - c2p2 =(Mc2)2

photon: M=0E = c p

E = p2/2M

E = B m2

tachyon:

ω BS (k) = k 2

2M gives: v phase=

and: vgroup=dω BS

dk= kM

=dkdω

But, Phase velocity =Vphase is greatly reduced by deleting Mc2 from E=ω.

E =Mc2

E = Mc2( )2 + cp( )2⎡

⎣⎢

⎦⎥1/2

≈ Mc2 + 12M

cp'=hck'cctt

cctt''

EnergyE=hω

Momentumcp=hck

ωm=49ω1

76543210-1-2-3-4-4-6m

251694

E'=hω'E2 - c2p2 =(Mc2)2

photon: M=0E = c p

E = p2/2M

E = B m2

tachyon:

ω BS (k) = k 2

2M gives: Vphase=

and: Vgroup=dω BS

dk= kM

(a) Hamiltonian

Momentum p

P′′

-L-L′-L′′

L(q,q)

Velocity u=q

QQ′Q′′

-H′′

H′′LL′L′′

H′′

slope:

∂H∂p

= q= u

∂L∂q

(b) LagrangianH(q,p)

radius = Mc2

Light cone u=1=chas infiniteH

and zero L

Fig. 5.1. Geometry of contact transformation between relativistic (a) Hamiltonian (b) Lagrangian

Deriving relativistic quantum Lagrangian-Hamiltonian relations

dΦ = kdx − ω dt= −µ dτ = -(Mc2/) dτ. dτ = dt √(1-u2/c2)=dt sech ρ

Differential action: is Planck scale times differential phase: dS = dΦ

For constant u the Lagrangian is: L =−µτ = -Mc2√(1-u2/c2)= -Mc2sech ρ = -Mc2

Start with phase and set k=0 to get product of proper frequency and proper timeΦ µ = Mc2/ τ

dS = Ldt = p·dx − H·dt = k·dx − ω ·dt = dΦ

(a) Hamiltonian

Momentum p

P′′

-L-L′-L′′

L(q,q)

Velocity u=q

QQ′Q′′

-H′′

H′′LL′L′′

H′′

slope:

∂H∂p

= q= u

∂L∂q

radius = Mc2

and zero L

(a) Hamiltonian

Momentum p

P′′

-L-L′-L′′

L(q,q)

Velocity u=q

QQ′Q′′

-H′′

H′′LL′L′′

H′′

slope:

∂H∂p

= q= u

∂L∂q

radius = Mc2

and zero L

(a) Hamiltonian

Momentum p

P′′

-L-L′-L′′

L(q,q)

Velocity u=q

QQ′Q′′

-H′′

H′′LL′L′′

H′′

slope:

∂H∂p

= q= u

∂L∂q

radius = Mc2

and zero L

L= p· x − H = p·u − H...with Poincare invariant:

Fig. 5.2 “True” paths carry extreme phase and fastest clocks. Light-cone has only stopped clocks.

Fig. 5.3 Quantum waves interfere constructively on “True” path but mostly cancel elsewhere.

Feynman’s flying clock and phase minimization

ρHHaammiillttoonniiaann ==HH ==BB ccoosshh ρ

--LLaaggrraannggiiaann

--LL ==BB sseecchh ρRReesstt

EEnneerrggyy

BB ==MMcc22

VVeelloocciittyy aabbeerrrraattiioonn

aannggllee φ

433221100--11

BB ccoosshh ρ

BB ee--ρcp

BB ee++ρ

BB sseecchh ρ

BBlluuee sshhiiffttRReedd sshhiifftt

(a) Geometry of relativistic transformationand wave based mechanics

(b) Tangent geometry (u/c=3/5)

(c) Basic construction given u/c=45/53

u/c =3/5u/c =1

cp =3/4

H =5/4

-L =4/5

cp =45/28

H =53/28

-L=28/45

e-ρ=1/2e-ρ=2/7

(d) u/c=3/5

bb--cciirrccllee

g-circle

p-circle

Fig. 5.5 Relativistic wave mechanics geometry. (a) Overview.

(b-d) Details of contacting tangents.

Lecture 26. Introduction to Relativistic Classical and ......2012/04/03 · Lecture 26....

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