Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

Lecture 12:Approach

Lighting System (ALS)

By: Zuliana Ismail,2010

• At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:– Describe the theory and use of Approach Lightings

System (ALS) and their importance during aircraft landing.

is important?

Lighting systems from the cockpit window during bad weather. Poor visibility is mainly due to

heavy snowfall

Lighting systems are important for a/c landing during night time.

• Approach Lighting System (ALS) is the tail end of the Air Navigation System, thus, it is important to affect the aircraft landing.

• ALS allows the pilot to see and identify the Runway end and align the aircraft to land on the runway.

• It very important especially during night time, bad weather and poor visibility

• ALS also important to verify positive contact and let you know where the begin an end of the runway is.

• At the point where Decision Height is reached, pilot must be able to see ALS, then pilot can continue the approach.

• If pilot can not see the ALS, the approach must be aborted and a missed approach procedure will be performed.

• This is where the aircraft will climb back to a predetermined altitude and position.

• From there the pilot will either try the same approach again, try a different approach or divert to another airport.

• Decision Height : the altitude at which, during a ILS landing approach, a pilot must decide whether to land or missed approach.

• ALS are designed to allow the pilot to quickly and positively identify visibility distances under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

• The most common approach light system configurations include:

– ALSF-1: Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 1

– ALSF-2: Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashing Lights configuration 2

• To align the aircraft with the centerline of the runway and to establish vertical orientation.

• Up to 174 steady burning white lights serve as a reference plane,

• Two rows of red side row increase the pilots horizontal perception.

• Up to twenty-one white lights create a sequential flash pattern that rolls toward the runway threshold.

1. Sequence Flashing LightTo guide the pilot’s eyes

toward the runway centerline

Thresholds Light: Appear green for a/c landing

and red a/c take-off

3. Approach Light•Warning red light, which a/c

should not land yet

2. Cross Bar Light

•Indicate a/c wings status

Runway Touch Down Zone Light

•Give depth view of the runway

Approach Lighting

System (ALS)

• They are located on the side of the runway and can be used both during the day and at night.

• VASI may have 2 bars (rows) of lights.

• A 2-bar system has one near and one far bar. Each bar can contain 2 light units.

• If both bars show white lights, you are too high for your landing.

• If both bars show red, you are too low.

• If the far bar is red and the near bar is white you are just right (be on the glide path).

• The difference is PAPI only have one row of lights.

• This one row contain 4 light units.

• If all four lights show white, you are too high for your landing.

• If all four lights show red, you are too low.

• If two lights show red and two lights show white you are just right (be on the glide path).

Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

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Transcript of Lecture 12-Approach Lighting System (ALS)

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