Post on 12-Sep-2020
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
ECE 5900/6900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Lecture 1
Introduction Wireless
Sensor Networks and
Sensors
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
ECE 4900/5900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSN) and
Internet of Things (IoT)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
Smart Cars
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
Smart Homes
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
Bio-engineering and Bio-medical Monitoring
Ref: STMicroelectronics
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
UAVs
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things
Habitat and Ecosystem Monitoring
Seismic Monitoring
Civil Structural Health Monitoring
Monitoring Groundwater Contamination
Rapid Emergency Response
Industrial Process Monitoring
Perimeter Security and Surveillance
Automated Building Climate Control
Body Area Network
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design
Coming Age of Sensors
Wireless Sensor Networks in Daily Life
Application Benefit
Measure micro-climates on farms Increase crop yield per square
km
Monitor traffic on roads
Avoid traffic jams, accidents,
and construction zones,
Alert 911 responders (police,
fire, ambulance)
Electrical/gas/water meteringOptimize distribution and
increase efficiency
Detect human presence in homes and
offices
Reduce power consumption in
HVAC and lighting
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
MicroClimates on Farms (measure wind speeds,
temperature, humidity, soil moisture, pH content, crop
height)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Monitor Traffic on Roads (measure number of vehicles, speed,
logistics, road studies, warning messages and diversions according to climate
conditions, accidents or traffic jams)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Autonomous Driving (Self-driving vehicles)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Structural Health Monitoring (measure vibration,
acceleration, and stress to predict failure, i.e. Condition Based Maintenance)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Military and Defense
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Smart Homes and Offices (measure power usage, light usage,
human presence, monitor heat and ac)
Home automation: https://youtu.be/aqbKrrru2co
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Bio-medical monitoring and assistance
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Bio-medical monitoring by wearable sensors
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Body Nets
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Networks
Self-management and Gateway node
Ref: B+B SmartWorx
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Networks
Star-Mesh Network (two or more sensor nodes are connected to router
which in turn is connected to other routers)
Star-Mesh Network Topology
Wireless Sensor Node
Router or Repeater
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Networks
Smart-Mesh IP (sensor nodes can also act as routers; decentralization)
Smart-Mesh IP by
Linear Technology
based on IEEE 802.15.4
standard
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Networks
Example Systems
Wzzard Intelligent Sensing
Platform by B&B Electronics
Wireless Sensor Network kit by
Analog Devices
Wireless Sensor Network kit
by National Instruments
DC9000B SmartMesh IP Starter Kit by Linear Technology
Wireless Sensor Networks
Professional kit by AdvanticSys
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Node
Example of a Wireless Sensor Node:
Radiation Sensor Board by Libelium
Radiation Sensor Board + Arduino
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Wireless Sensor Node
What's inside a Wireless Sensor Node?
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Sensor System
Sensor and Data Acquision System
Fig. 1.3 (Fraden): Positions of sensors in a data acquisition system.
Sensor 1 is non-contact, sensors 2 and 3 are passive, sensor 4 is active, and
sensor 5 is internal to a data acquisition system
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Sensor Basics
Q: What is a Sensor?
A: Sensor (or Sensor System) is a device that
converts the physical phenomenon into an
electrical signal (voltage or current). It contains
transducer and other electronic components.
Q: What is a Transducer?
A: Tranducer is a device that converts one type of
energy into another type of energy and they are
part of Sensors.
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of SensorsAcoustic
Automotive/Transportation
Chemical
Electromagnetic
Enviornmental
Optical
Pressure and Force
Position, Speed, Inertial
Proximity and Flow
Radiation
Thermal
Bio-medical
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Acoustic
Geophone: convert seismic wave into
voltage
Hydrophone: listen to underwater
sounds
Guitar pickup
Microphone
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Automotive/Transportation
Air–fuel ratio meter
Blind spot monitor
Crankshaft position sensor
Defect detector: detect axle and signal problems in passing
trains
ECT sensor: measure the engine temperature
Hall effect sensor: measure the speed of wheels and shafts
Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF): measure the mass of air entering the
engine for centeral computer
Oxygen sensor (O2 sensors): monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust
Radar gun: detect the speeding
Speedometer: measure the instantaneous speed of a vehicle
Throttle position sensor: monitor the position of the throttle in an
internal combustion engine
Tire-pressure monitoring sensor: monitor the air pressure inside the tires
MAF Sensor
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Chemical
Breathalyzer
Carbon dioxide sensor and Carbon monoxide detector
Fluorescent chloride sensors
Hydrocarbon dew point analyzer
Hydrogen sensor
Hydrogen sulfide sensor
Infrared point sensor
Nitrogen oxide sensor
Olfactometer
Oxygen sensor
Ozone monitor
Pellistor
pH glass electrode
Smoke detector
Zinc oxide nanorod sensor
Smoke Detector
NoX(nitrogen oxide) Detector
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Electromagnetic Current sensor
Daly detector
Electroscope
Multimeter
Hall effect sensor
Magnetometer
Radio direction finder
Voltage detector
Multimeter
Hall Effect Sensor
Marine Magnetometer
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
EnvironmentalDew detector
Electrochemical gas sensor
Gas detector
Temperature and Humidity Sensor
Hygrometer
Leaf sensor
Rain gauge/sensor
Seismometer
Soil moisture sensor
Rain gauge/sensor
Temperature sensor Humidity sensor
MEMS Seismometer
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors OpticalCharge-coupled device (CCD) (convert optical
image into charge)
Electro-optical sensor
Flame detector
Infra-red sensor
Photodiode (convert light into
current)
Photoelectric sensor
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
CCD
Infra-red sensor and thermal imaging
Photodiode
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors Pressure and ForceBarometer (measure pressure)
Ionization gauge
Pirani gauge
Pressure sensor
Tactile sensor (contact based
environmental response to current or voltage)
Hydrometer
Force Sensor
Strain gauge (change in strain produces change
in resistance)
Torque sensor (rotational force into voltage)
Avionic Altimeter
(Barometer)Electronic Barometer
Touch Screen and Robotic Arm (Tactile Sensor)
Torque Sensors
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Position, Speed and InertialLIDAR (light detection and ranging to determine
distance using Laser for remote sensing)
Odometer
(measure speed)
Accelerometer
(Measure acceleration and obtain angle)
Gyroscope (measure angular rate)
Atmospheric LIDAR Research at
Utah State University
Car Odometer
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) Inertial Navigation System in Cars and Ships
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Proximity and Flow
Doppler radar
(measure speed based
on Doppler effect)
Motion detector
Proximity sensor
(measure distance based
on laser deflection)
Stud detector
(change in density relates
to change in capacitance)
Anemometer (measure windspeed and windpressure)
Flow sensor (measure the fluid flow) Water Flow Sensor
Anemometer
Stud detector
Police Doppler Radar Gun
Laser Proximity Sensor
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Radiation
Geiger Counter (convert
alpha, beta and gamma radiation
into current pulses or counts)
Dosimeter
(radiation produced electrons
which produce specific color of light)
Scintillation Counter
(detect alpha or beta or
gamma radiation)
Geiger Counter
Dosimeter Badge
Scintillation Counter
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
ThermalThermometer
Thermistor (change in temperature relates to change in resistance)
Thermocouple (temperature differential produces voltage)
Pyrometer (measure the temperature change in reflected laser beam)
Thermometer
Pyrometer
R-type Thermocouple
Different
thermistors
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ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design Dr. Suketu Naik
Types of Sensors
Bio-medical
ECG Sensor Flexible ECG Sensor
Electronics
ECG sensor (convert heart beats
Into voltage)
Glucose meter (measure the glucose
levels in diabetic patients)
Food Analysis sensor
(detect toxins, chemical makeup)
Glucose meter
Glucose contact lens meter
Food Analysis Sensor