LEADERSHIP STYLES

MEANING

STYLE refers to a way of doing something.Leadership styles means the behavioural pattern which a leader adopts to direct the behavior of members in an organisation in order to achieve the goal of the organisation.

DEFINITION

According to Edwin Flippo: “Leadership style is a pattern of behaviour

designed to integrate organisational and personal interest in pursuit of some

objectives"

TYPES

Leadership styles

Motivational styles Power styles Orientation

styles

A)MOTIVATIONAL STYLES

• The main function of the leader is to MOTIVATE the workers to work more and increase the efficiency.

POSITIVE APPROACH

NEGATIVE APPROACH

MOTIVATIONAL STYLES

i)POSITIVE APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP

• Rewards• Money • Higher efficiency• Promotes peace• Leave encashment scheme

ii)NEGATIVE APPROACH OF LEADERSHIP

• Threatening• Penalising• Penalties

• AdvantagesReduction in labour turnover and absenteeism.Boosts morale of employees.Generates loyalty.• DisadvantagesEmployees may feel frustrated due to negativemotivation.

B)POWER STYLES

Power styles

Autocratic StylesThe Free Reign

StyleDemocratic Style

The Paternalistic Style

i)AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP

• It is also called as authoritarian or work oriented leadership

• Plans and policies are determined by the leader alone

• Demands strict obedience • Relies on power of position• Rewards and punishments

• Less freedom• Greater concern for work is shown

TYPES OF AUTHOCRATIC LEADERS

• Strict autocrat• Benevolent autocrat• Incompetent autocrat

TYPES OF AUTHOCRATIC LEADERS

STRICT AUTOCRATStrict styleInfluences

subordinateCriticisingImposing penalities

BENEVOLENT AUTOCRAT

Positive motivational

methodRewardsEfficiency

INCOMPETENT AUTOCRAT

Autocratic stylesHide

incompetencyShort time

ii)THE FREE-REIN STYLE

• It is a type of leadership where there is least interference by the leader

• Group operates on its own• Group works without leadership of manager• Manager maintains relation with people

outside organisation• Quick and good result• Employees are intelligent

iii)DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP

• It is also called as participative or person-oriented leadership

• Subordinates have freedom• Concern for people is more rather than

production• Leaders job is to encourage and reinforce

constructive interrealtionship

• Leader is quiet important figure in democratic situation however he is the key model in authoritarian type

iv)THE PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP

• The leader assumes paternal or fatherly role

• Works to guide• Protect • Keep happy• Good working condition• Workers work hard with gratitude• It can generate resentment in subordinates

Advantages: Success of newly formed enterprise. Guides employees in case of they are illiterate.

Disadvantages:Employees become tensed.Restricts delegation of authority.

C)ORIENTATION STYLES

Orientation Styles

Employee-orientedLeadership

Task-orientedleadership

i)EMPLOYEE-ORIENTED STYLES

EMPLOYEE ORIENTED LEADERSHIP

• Concerned about subordinates• They provide better working condition• Pay highest attention to the subordinates• Satisfy their needs• Solve problems

ii)PRODUCTION OR TASK ORIENTED LEADERSHIP

TASK ORIENTED LEADERSHIP

• Main concern is to get work done• Subordinates are kept busy• Zeal to produce more• Ignore human aspect

LEADERSHIP TRAITS

• Leadership traits refers to qualities that make individual a leader.

• Leadership are classified into 2 types– Innate traits– Acuirable traits

• Thus “leaders are not born and not made”

• Physical features

• Intelligence

• Objectivity

• Human relations

• Motivating skills• Technical skills• Communication skills• Social skills

MANAGEMENT VS LEADEERSHIPManagement• Process related to

organization• Focuses on promoting the

interest• Directs the employees• It is a formal structure

• Formal relationship• Generally stable• Managers are leaders

Leadership

• Influencing

• Monitors , clarifies and influences

• Exercises influence• Leaders may be formal or

informal• Informal relationship• Never stable• All leaders are not

managers

MANAGER VS LEADER

Manager(Boss)• Drives and orders• Has authority• Engenders fear• Fixes blames and find faults• Need not consult or advice• Believes in ’ I ’• Acquires knowledge through

formal education and training

• Makes work drudgery

Leader• Coaches and advices• Depends on his confidence

and goodwill• Inspires enthusiasm• Solves problems• Consults and seeks advice• Believes in ‘WE’ and ’YOU’• Becomes leader because of

his desires and experience• Makes the work a game