Post on 02-Mar-2016
1Technology TransferTechnology TransferFlue Gas Monitoring Flue Gas Monitoring
for Coalfor Coal--fired Thermal Power Plantfired Thermal Power Plant
July 2010J-POWER Tachibanawan Thermal Power Plant1,050MWx2Units)
2
Content of Presentation
Introduction
Air Quality and Emission Standards
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
Flue Gas Monitoring System
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
Introduction
Air Quality and Emission Standards
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
Flue Gas Monitoring System
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
3Program-1: IntroductionProgram-1: Introduction
4
The leading part of the energy sources used all over the world consists of fossil fuel such as coal and heavy oil. When any kind of the fossil fuel is converted into energy, it always generates nitrogen oxide (NOx), dust and sulfur oxide (SOx), all of which cause air pollution.
Japan has experience of that various types of bronchus-related disease including asthma were caused by air pollution in areas dense with factories during 1960s. In those days, there were not enough air pollution control equipment in the country.Facing the problem, the Japanese Government established Air Pollution Control Law in the '70s. This movement rapidly developed air pollution control technology. Since then, more and more air pollution control systems have been introduced in plants in earnest.
The following shows the typical flue gas treatment system for coal-fired boilers currently used in Japan:
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Gas-gas heater(GGH)
Boiler
Gas air heater
Electric precipitator
DeSOx(FGD) System
Desulfurizationdraft fan(BUF)
Stack
DeNOx(SCR) System
Forced draft fan
Induceddraft fan
5Electricity pricing:
Electricity rates in Japan are based on the average cost of supplying electricity. This method, The Total Cost of Services Method, is stipulated in Article 19 of the Electricity Utilities Industry Law. The article provides that general power utilities draw up a supply contract, including electricity rates, and obtain authorization of the Central Government such as METI.
The contract will be authorized if the METI thinks it reflects proper costs, based on efficient business management, plus fair return. Proper costs are calculated by adding up expenses for personnel, fuel, maintenance, and depreciation, as well as costs for wastewater treatment, exhaust gas treatment, and other environmental measures. Fair return is calculated on the Rate Base Method by multiplying business assets invested (including facilities for generation, transmission, and distribution) by a certain rate of return. Adding up the above-mentioned costs and remuneration and deducting the target figure for management effort gives the total cost, which is used as the basis for calculating electricity rates.
The cost calculation method allows electric power companies to take necessary measures to protect the environment and pass on the costs to consumers, thus recovering the environmental cost of power generation. Although this system tends to drive up the electricity price in Japan (it is higher than in other countries), it was Japans choice to spend more on environmental protection and energy security.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
6
Government Subsidies for Environmental MeasuresThe biggest problem implementing environmental measures is economic.Environmental equipment requires large amounts of initial investment and funding, and operating, and operating the equipment requires power to run the devices and expendable supplies like treatment chemicals. Power generation itself requires large amounts of capital investment, and additional investment significantly burdens companies. Electric power companies must be socially responsible and take environmental measures while meeting their responsibility to provide a steady supply of energy at an affordable price.
The government has introduced assistance programs to relive the financial burden and to give business the incentive to protect the environment. Following are the main efforts by the government to support environmental measures in the electric power industry: (1) a low-interest-rate loan program through the Japan Development Bank for pollution control facilities, energy efficiency enhancement facilities, and recycling facilities; (2) preferential tax treatment through accelerated depreciation of equipment for environmental measures, reduction or exemption of fixed property taxes related to environmental facilities, and tax deductions on energy-saving technology R&D; and (3) subsidy for R&D of environment-friendly technology.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
7Program-2:
Air Quality and Emission Standards
Program-2:
Air Quality and Emission Standards
8
Environmental Survey to Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Survey to Environmental Monitoring
Prediction and Evaluation of
Impact on Environment
Prediction and Prediction and Evaluation of Evaluation of
Impact on Impact on EnvironmentEnvironment
Countermeasures of Environmental
Conservation
Countermeasures Countermeasures of Environmental of Environmental
ConservationConservation
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Environmental MonitoringMonitoringConstructionConstruction
EmissionStandard
Environmental Quality
Standard
EIA surveyEIA survey
Regulation
MonitoringExhaust gas,Waste water,
Sound, etc
MonitoringMonitoringExhaust gas,Exhaust gas,Waste water,Waste water,
Sound, etcSound, etc
++
Environmental Survey
Environmental Environmental SurveySurvey
Surveys on the conditions undertaken at the planned power plant
Plant operation
EmissionStandard
New valueNew value
9Why is the Monitoring of SOx, NOx etc necessary?
It affects the Human healthand is also a substance causing Acid Rain
Air polluted by NOx causes disease of Human respiratory organs(Nose, throat and breast hurt, breath difficulty, cough, sputum)
Photochemical Oxidant arises by the photochemical reaction, and it cause not only bad influence to Human membrane and breath, but also affects Plant Growth (Agricultural products).
SPM sticks to Human respiratory tract and lungs, and causes a Respiratory-organs disease
NOx:NOx:
SOx:SOx:
SPM:SPM:
++HCHC
Regulation
10
WHO World Bank
Vietnam TCVN5937-1995
Japan Pollutant
g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 g/m3 ppm
SO2 Annual 24 hr 8 hr 1 hr
40-60 110-150
- -
80 150
- -
- 300
- 500
- (110)
- (286)
- 0.04
- 0.1
NO2 Annual 24 hr 8 hr 1 hr
- 150
- 400
100 150
- -
- 100
- 400
- (82-123)
- -
- 0.04-0.06
- -
SPM Annual 24 hr 8 hr 1 hr
- 70 - -
50 150
- -
- 200
- 300
- 100
- 200
- - - -
*Japanese 24hr Ave: Daily Average of hourly values*Parenthesis indicates converted value
Comparison of the Environmental Air Quality StandardsComparison of the Environmental Air Quality Standards
Regulation
11
Comparison of the Emission StandardsComparison of the Emission Standardsfor Coal fired Power Plantfor Coal fired Power Plant
Regulation
50
750(365 ppm,
260 mg/MJ)
2,000(700 ppm)
100 - 500 t/d
World Bank
411 (700*103 Nm3/h)*514 (400~700*103
Nm3/h)*
850850NOxmg/Nm3
*: Exhaust gas volume
Remarks
50~100 (>200*103Nm3/h)*
100~200(40~200*103Nm3/h)*
98.9170Dustmg/Nm3
K-Value ruleExample of 500MWK: 3.0 600K:17.5 3,457
425425SO2mg/Nm3
JapanGuaranteedParameters
at Nghi Son 1
VietnamTCVN7440-2005
Pollutant
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Environmental Management in Thermal Power Plants
Control of facilitys efficiency
Control of environmental pollutants
Dealing with local residents and government concerning environmental issues
O&M of environmental management system
E M S
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Efficiency Control of Equipment
Efficiency of the boiler and turbine Dust collection efficiency of the electric precipitator Efficiency of the denitrification facility Efficiency of the desulfurization facility Efficiency of the waste water treatment facility
E M S
14
Control of Pollutants
Emission gases (SOx, NOx, dust, O2)
Water quality (PH, COD, N, P, etc.)
Noise Vibration
E M S
15
Program-3:
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
Program-3:
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
16
Environmental conservation countermeasuresfor thermal power plant
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
17
Flue gas treatment facilityFlue Gas Treatment Facility
18
Boiler
ESP SCR AH GGH GGHFGD
Boiler outletSO2: 3150 mg/m3NOx: 620 mg/m3Dust: 22600 mg/m3
Agreement valueSO2: 283 mg/m3NOx: 123 mg/m3Dust: 40 mg/m3
Flue Gas Treatment System at Matsuura PS Flue Gas Treatment System at Matsuura PS (1000MW(1000MW2u)2u)
ESP SCR
Stack
FGD
FlueGas
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
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DustDust Removal TechnologyRemoval Technology-- ESPESP
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
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DustDust Removal TechnologyRemoval Technology-- ESPESP
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
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Flue Gas Treatment Facility
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130
Dust 150 mg/m3N
Boiler
SOx SOx ControlControl -- FGD SystemFGD System
Gypsum Process
IDF
GGH
FGD
BUF
ESP
Stack
Limestone - Gypsum Process
DeSOx > 90%
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
SCR AH
SOx 1000 ppm NOx 300 ppm Dust 20 g/m3N
SOx
23
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
BoilerSCR AH
ESP Dry DeSOx
Stack
10 mg/m3N20 ppm20 ppm
ParticulateNOxSOx
Stack Gas
SOx SOx ControlControl Dry Dry DeSOxDeSOx SystemSystem
Activated Carbon Process >90%
SOx 1000 ppmNOx 300 ppmDust 20g/m3N
Activated Carbon
24
SOx SOx ControlControl Spray Dryer SystemSpray Dryer System
LimeSlaker
Boiler ESP
Spray Dry Absorber
ESP
Calcium sulphate
Fly ash, etc.
FGD Fan
Stack
DeSOx > 80~90%
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
25
350
DeNOxDeNOx TechnologyTechnology-- SCRSCR
Cat
alys
t
NO NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3NO
NO
NO2
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
2
2
Reaction on the Catalyst Surface
4NO4NH3O2 4N2 + 6H2O
6NO2 + 8NH3 7N2 + 12H2O
NH3 (Ammonia)
Inlet NOx180 ppm
Outlet NOx80%
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
26
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
Features
Principal reaction in Absorber
SO2 + CaCO3 + 1/2O2(Limestone)
CaSO42H2O + CO2 (Gypsum)
Simple Configuration
Aptitude for Large Capacity
Low Pressure Loss
Clogging Free
Easy Maintenance
Removal efficiency >(80% - 90%)
DeSOxDeSOx TechnologyTechnology-- SPRAY TOWER ABSORBERSPRAY TOWER ABSORBER
27
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
28
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
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FGD FGD System for Coal Fired BoilerSystem for Coal Fired Boiler (Lime stone process)(Lime stone process)
Isogo #1 & 2265 MW, Completion: 1976
300 MW FGD
Ishikawa #1 & 2156 MW, Completion: 1986
Matsushima #1500 MW, Completion: 1981
500 MW FGD
Shin-Onoda #1 & 2500 MW, Completion: 1986
Tsuruga #1500 MW, Completion: 1991
Reihoku #1700 MW, Completion: 1995
700 1000 MW FGD
Thai Union Paper Public Co,. LtdIn-line Type, Completion: 1997
Matsuura #21000 MW, Completion: 1997
Tsuruga #2700 MW, Completion: 2000
Flue Gas Treatment Facility
30
Program-4:
Flue Gas Monitoring System at Coal Fired Power Plant
Program-4:
Flue Gas Monitoring System at Coal Fired Power Plant
31
Environmental conservation countermeasuresfor thermal power plant
Flue Gas Monitoring System
32
StackStack
FGDGGH
Sampling Point
(Stack inlet)
Stack Gas Monitoring Devices (SOx & NOx)Stack Gas Monitoring Devices (SOx & NOx)at Matsuura Thermal Power Plant of JPOWERat Matsuura Thermal Power Plant of JPOWER
MD
Non-Dispersive Infrared AbsorptionType for SOx & NOx
(Maker: HORIBA)
Flue Gas Monitoring System
33
StackStack
FGDGGH
Central Control Roomat Power Station
MonitoringDevice
(Image)
Telemeter System of Stack Gas Monitoring Telemeter System of Stack Gas Monitoring at at JPOWERJPOWERss Thermal Power Plant in JapanThermal Power Plant in Japan
Local Authority
Office
Transmitted ItemsSO2 , NOxGas Volume
Transmitted ItemsSO2 , NOx, etc.
MD
Flue Gas Monitoring System
34
Environmental Observation Station
Environmental Observation Station
Environmental Observation Station
Regional Monitoring Center
Regional Monitoring Center
Central Monitoring Center
Data input
Central Monitoring Center
Data processor
Telemetermother stationequipment
Central processing system
Factories, power stations, etc.
Radio relay station Mobile measurement vehicle
Pollution monitoring vehicle
Evaluation and study of emergency
General household Municipal government
School
Notification of emergencyInformation
Administrative order
Request of cooperation
Via relay station
Display board Control desk
Console
Message Printer Table Printer
Console
Disk
Tape
Printer
System Diagram of Air Pollution Monitoring Telemeter System
Flue Gas Monitoring System
35
Flue Gas Monitoring System
36
Program-5:
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas at Ninh Binh TPP
Program-5:
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas at Ninh Binh TPP
37
Necessity & Convenience of Manual Measurement
Thermal power plant has to carry out a manual measurement at least twice a year, if the stationary automatic device is notinstalled.
9Considering the management of flue gas treatment facilitybased on the EMS, Manual measuring procedure is veryuseful due to measure flue gas at inlet & outlet of ESP, FGDand so on.
It is necessary to follow up periodical monitoring, when the stationary automatic device is malfunctioning and it takes long time to repair.
9Manual measurement data of SO2 and NOx are able to use forchecking stationary monitoring device.
Convenience:Convenience:
Necessity:Necessity:
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
38
Boiler ESPStack
Measuring location:ESP outlet
Main items:SO2, NOx, Dust
Measuring location and items at Ninh Binh TPPMeasuring location and items at Ninh Binh TPP
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
39
Section plan: seen from upper stream of ESP
Duct area: approx. 6.75m2
Numbers of samples: 12~16 ponitsDuct of ESP outlet
Sampling point at ESP outletSampling point at ESP outletFlue gasFlue gas
Sampling point
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
40
Outline of gas samplingOutline of gas sampling
Measurement of Gas velocity
Gas velocity has to calculate due to decide gas suction speed
Following items are to measure in whole measuring points in order to calculate gas flow velocity.
zDynamic pressure (Pa)zStatic pressure (Ps)zGas Temp. (Tg)
h892CVg .=
769PsPa
Tg27327331 +
+= .
12~16 pointsDecision of representative measuring points
Measuring point (1~ several points) most close to mean gas velocity has to choose as representative ones.
Decision of sampling points
1~3 points
Samples/unit/Dust: 2SO2: 2NOx: 2Moisture: 2
Measurement of pollutants
Gas is to suck with equivalent speed to the gas velocity
Sampling
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
41
Manual measurement procedureManual measurement procedure
Infrared absorption method(portable analyzer) in the field
Manual analysis*
Infrared absorption method(portable analyzer) in the field
Manual analysis*
Portable analyzerHORIBA PG-250(SO2, NOx, O2)
Sampling with filter paper (dust collector)Dust quantity Analysis in the laboratory
Sampling with filter paper (dust collector)Dust quantity Analysis in the laboratory
Chemiluminescence method(portable analyzer) in the field
Manual analysis*
Chemiluminescence method(portable analyzer) in the field
Manual analysis*
SO2
NOx
Dust
*Manual analysis: sample gas is to analyze in the laboratory
Adaptation of the portable analyzer is to evaluate comparing witAdaptation of the portable analyzer is to evaluate comparing with data of h data of manual analysismanual analysis
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
42
Checking operation of pump, etc:- Every measurement -
Periodical inspection
Once a yearOverhaul by manufacturer
(Main materials)- Mist catcher (every 3 months)- Scrubber (ditto; for NOx meter)- Pump (every year)- NOx converter (every year)
Exchange of materials
Every measurement (Zero, Span drift)Calibration
FrequencyMaintenance Items
Example of Maintenance for Portable AnalyzerExample of Maintenance for Portable Analyzer
Material exchange: to be carried out in each accumulated operation period
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
43
Example of manual dust monitoring equipment Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
44
Sampling Probe Manometer
Manual gas measurement at stack inletManual gas measurement at stack inlet
Matsuura Thermal Power Station(Jan. 2003)
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
45
Moisture absorber Dust sampling device
SO2 absorber & mist catcher NOx monitor (HORIBA)
Manual gas measurement (devices)Manual gas measurement (devices)
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
46
(Example) Report of measuring result
*1: Calculation by Measured gas parameters
Plant output (kW) Firing coal Coal consumption (t/hr) Contents of sulfur, nitrogen and ash in coal (%) Unburned C in ash (%)
Plant operation conditions
Remarks: Soot blowing to AH was carried out during 13:00~14:00
9 Flue gas volume *1(wet & dry bases m3N/h)
9Moisture in gas (%)9 Gas temp. (degree C)9 O2 conc. (%)9 SO2 (mg/m3)9 NOx (mg/m3)9 Dust (mg/m3)
Location(Unit number, ESP
outlet etc.) Date Time Weather Measuring method
Measurement resultsMeasuring condition
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
47
Investigation on a relation between an environmental Investigation on a relation between an environmental monitoring result and the exhaust gas conditionmonitoring result and the exhaust gas condition
Plant Operation situation Exhaust Gas Condition
Weather situation Wind direction Wind velocity
Pollutants with high value
Weather Data Wind direction Wind velocity
Air Monitoring Place Power Station
Example ofInvestigation Dispersion Calculation of Pollutants from the StackDispersion Calculation of Pollutants from the Stack
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
48
Thinking of Evaluation on the Monitoring Data Thinking of Evaluation on the Monitoring Data by Dispersion Calculationby Dispersion Calculation
Present Level
It is estimated, whether or not the contribution value of Flue Gas influences a present environmental value.
It is also necessary, to evaluate the proportion of ground concentration level to the present condition value.
This contribution value might be more than the present environmental value, even if this total value is standard range inside.
Ground Concentration
Level
Air qualityStandard
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas
49
Thinking of Evaluation on the Monitoring Data Thinking of Evaluation on the Monitoring Data by Dispersion Calculationby Dispersion Calculation
Air qualityStandard
Present Level In case that an environment level has already
been exceeding the standard after commencement operation of the plant, a proportion of ground concentration level to the present environmental value is estimated.
Countermeasure of the flue gas treatment might have to be required, even if this contribution value is small comparing with the present environmental value.
Ground Concentration
Level
Manual Measurement of Flue Gas