The landscape

• The landscape is made up of all the things we can see in a place.

Desert landscape in Australia

Different landscapes

• Mountain landscapes: mountains, rivers, forests.

• Flat landscapes: flat land, rivers, farms, cities and motorways.

• Coastal landscapes: cliffs, the sea, touristic towns.

Changes in landscapes

• Natural changes: The seasons, rain and wind, natural disasters (hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, …)

• Artificial changes are made by people:

Cities, Bridges, …

Villages, roads, …

Mining minerals

Electrical power lines

Crops

Disasters caused by fire

Mountains

• Mountains are high lands with steep slopes..

• The summit is the highest part of a mountain.

• The slopes are the sides of the mountain.

• The foot is the lowest part of a mountain.

• Valleys are flat lands between mountains

Rivers

• The source: every river has a 'source', a place where the river begins its journey.

• The source of a river is usually found in mountains

Río Mundo source

• The upper course.

• The middle course

• The middle of a river’s journey, when it gets wider and slows down.

• The lower course: when the river reaches the end of its journey. The end of the river is called the mouth, into another river or into the sea.

The River Tajo mouth, ending in the Atlantic Ocean in Lisbon, Portugal.

The coast and the sea

• Where the sea and the land meet, a special environment is created. We call this a coast.

• There are low coastlines. Beaches.

• And high coastlines.

Cliffs

• A bay is where the sea goes into the land. If it is very big, it is a gulf.

• People build

ports in bays.

Coastal relief

• A cape is an area of land that goes into the sea.

La Nao Cape

• A peninsula is an area of land surrounded by water but connected to mainland.

Italian PeninsulaIberian Peninsula

• An island is an area of land surrounded by water completely.

• A group of islands is called  archipelago.