Protein Synthesis

By: Kim Shoemaker

Cell

Nucleus

Nucleus

DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

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G G CAG A C A U GA U U

Nuclear Pore

Ribosomes

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Nucleus

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GAC G CA C

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G G CAG A C A U GA U U

A U G C A

G G CA C

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A U U G G CAG A C A U GA U UC

G C A

G G AC

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AG GA C A U GU

C CG A

A URibosome

Large subunit

Small subunit

tRNAAmino acid

U UU

U A C Anticodon

“Stop” codon“Start”

codon

codons

G C A

G G AC

GG

AA

AG GA C A U GU

C CG A

A U

U UU

T A C

T AG

G C A

G G AC

GG

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AG GA C A U GU

C CG A

A U

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T AG

TGC

Peptide bond

G C A

G G AC

GAA

AG GA C A U GU

C CG A U U

U

TGC

T GC

G AG A U GUC

G A U UU

T GC

A C

A U GUG A U UA C

Polypeptide chain

Summary: DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds in the DNA and makes the mRNA strand from the base pairs. As RNA polymerase is making the mRNA strand the hydrogen bonds reform. The mRNA strand then goes to the cytoplasm to go through translation so the mRNA can be translated into protein. A ribosome (rRNA) takes the mRNA strand in it’s small subunit and at the beginning of the strand there is a start codon then there are three codons and then there is a stop codon. The start codon is always AUG. The start codon is in the small subunit of the ribosome and a tRNA molecule comes into the large subunit of the ribosome with the anti codon of the start codon and the codon and the anti codon attach and when they come apart the amino acid at the top of the tRNA molecule forms a peptide bond with the amino acid with the next tRNA molcule’s amino acid. Then the process continues like that until the stop codon is reached and the stop codon does not have an anti codon so the polypeptide chain is completed and released. When the chain is released all of the amino acids have their own charge so they all come together in a globular structure, which is a protein.