Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
Korean WarKorean War 1950-1953 1950-1953
Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how the Korean War resulted in a further heightening of Cold War tensions
Who Lost China?Who Lost China?Chiang Kai-shek (nationalists) and Mao Chiang Kai-shek (nationalists) and Mao
Zedong (communists) continued civil war Zedong (communists) continued civil war post-WWIIpost-WWII
Chiang Kai-shek’s forces fled to Taiwan in Chiang Kai-shek’s forces fled to Taiwan in 1949 1949
Divided KoreaDivided Korea Korea divided along 38Korea divided along 38thth
parallel by US and USSRparallel by US and USSR US backs SouthUS backs South USSR backs NorthUSSR backs North Both pull out by 1949 but…Both pull out by 1949 but…
June 25, 1950 N. Korean June 25, 1950 N. Korean troops invaded the Southtroops invaded the South
Truman RespondsTruman Responds
Avoid appeasement and fate Avoid appeasement and fate of Leagueof League
Contain CommunismContain CommunismKorea confirms containment Korea confirms containment
doctrine idea that can’t relax our doctrine idea that can’t relax our guard w/o Comm. aggression guard w/o Comm. aggression
Chance to implement NSC-68Chance to implement NSC-68Demonstrate that Democrats Demonstrate that Democrats
are not “soft” on Communismare not “soft” on Communism
UN InvolvementUN Involvement Truman calls on UN to declare “police action” against Truman calls on UN to declare “police action” against
aggressorsaggressors Security Council vote: no China, Russia absent in Security Council vote: no China, Russia absent in
protestprotest No congressional approval, no declaration of warNo congressional approval, no declaration of war US made up 50% of troops, S. Korea 40%US made up 50% of troops, S. Korea 40%
MacArthur vs. TrumanMacArthur vs. Truman MacArthurMacArthur
Great offensiveGreat offensive Then miscalculatesThen miscalculates Wants to retaliate and attack Wants to retaliate and attack
ChinaChina Suggests atomic weaponsSuggests atomic weapons
Truman disagreesTruman disagrees China gives warning, then China gives warning, then
counterattackscounterattacks MacArthur publicly criticizes MacArthur publicly criticizes
Truman “In war, there is no Truman “In war, there is no substitute for victory!”substitute for victory!”
Truman fires MacArthurTruman fires MacArthur
Truman and the WarTruman and the WarPolicy of “Limited War for Specific Goals”Policy of “Limited War for Specific Goals”Prevent major land warPrevent major land warAvoid World War III & atomic escalationAvoid World War III & atomic escalationCriticized heavily at homeCriticized heavily at home
An Unpopular War at HomeAn Unpopular War at Home
Soon after World War IISoon after World War IIMany casualties when “not at War”Many casualties when “not at War”StalemateStalemate
no clear victory or treatyno clear victory or treatyGoals unclear; changingGoals unclear; changing
Far removed from Americans’ livesFar removed from Americans’ livesEisenhower campaigns on ending war and Eisenhower campaigns on ending war and
wins 1952 electionwins 1952 election
Effects…Effects… 54,246 American troops killed54,246 American troops killed 103,284 wounded and missing103,284 wounded and missing $54 billion cost$54 billion cost
Reinforces Containment policyReinforces Containment policy NSC-68’s recommendations are followedNSC-68’s recommendations are followed Leads to increased military spendingLeads to increased military spendingSpeeds up Nuclear Arms RaceSpeeds up Nuclear Arms Race Separates Korean peninsulaSeparates Korean peninsulaTrend of President committing troops without Trend of President committing troops without Congressional Declaration of WarCongressional Declaration of War
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion QuestionsWas the Korean War a success or failure? Was the Korean War a success or failure? Did MacArthur have the right to publicly Did MacArthur have the right to publicly
criticize Truman? criticize Truman? Should the President be able to commit Should the President be able to commit
troops without Congress declaring War?troops without Congress declaring War?What are our options if another country What are our options if another country
does something we don’t like?does something we don’t like?When should we use military intervention?When should we use military intervention?
What criteria should be considered before taking What criteria should be considered before taking military action?military action?
What type of military action should be taken?What type of military action should be taken?