KINGDOM PROTISTA

Plant-like- Algae

Animal-like- Protozoa

Fungi-like- Slime Molds

PHYLUM CHOROPHYTA(GREEN ALGAE)

GREEN ALGAE

• CHLAMYDOMONAS• Movement- two flagella

(swimming type motion)• Pyrenoid- synthesizes starch• Red eyespot• Chloroplasts• Sexual and asexual

reproduction• Cell wall

• SPIROGYRA• End-to-end chains of cells or

filaments• Attach to rocks and other

objects• Ponds and streams• Ribbonlike appearance• Sexual reproduction-

conjugation• Chloroplasts

CONTINUED GREEN ALGAE

• ULVA (sea lettuce)• Chlorophyll a and b• Stores reserve food as starch• Thallus- body of two cells thick• Alternation of generation- next generation identical copies

VOLVOX

• Well-known colonial green algae

• Hollow sphere with thousands of cells with watery interior

• Cells cooperate with flagella beating in a coordinative fashion

• Asexual reproduction

• Daughter colony resides within the parent colony for a time

PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA(RED ALGAE)

RED ALGAE

• GRACILARIA AND GELIDIUM• Ocean habitat• Simple filaments to complex branches with feathery, flat

ribbon-like appearance• Commercially- agar, vitamins, drugs, dental impressions,

cosmetics• Red in color• Agar for growing bacteria cultures• Gelatin for jams and jellies

PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA(BROWN ALGAE)

BROWN ALGAE

• LAMINARIA (KELP)• Largest sea weed in ocean• Holdfasts- holds kelp to ocean

floor• Bladder- allows blades to float

to ocean surface• Chlorophylls a and c• Commercially- human food,

fertilizers, ice cream, sherbet, cream cheese

• Other types:• Macrocystis• Fucus

PHYLUM CHRYSOPHYTA

• DIATOMS• Some golden-brown algae and

some yellow-green algae

• Freshwater and marine environments

• Resemble hat box (two part shell- top and a bottom)

• Asexual and sexual reproduction

• Cell wall of silica (commonly used to make glass)

• Diatomaceous earth- remains of diatoms on the ocean floor

• Commercially- filters, polishes, toothpaste, soundproof materials

PHYLUM PYRROPHYTA(DINOFLAGELLATES)

• Chlorophylls a and c

• Yellow-green and some brown

• Locomotion- Two flagella

• Bioluminescence (produces light)

• Food for small animals in ocean

• Some lack chloroplasts and are heterotrophic

• Overpopulation can cause “Red Tide” (gives the appearance of the water appearing red) which can cause massive fish kills

• Humans who consume shellfish that have fed during Red Tide can get ill from toxic poisons

PHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTA(EUGLENA)

• Some autotrophs and some heterotrophs (no chloroplasts)

• Locomotion- flagella• Eyespot to sense light• Ponds and ditches• Some photosynthetic• Contractile vacuoles • Nucleus

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGOPHORA(ZOOFLAGELLATES)

• Heterotrophic protozoans• Some parasitic-

Trypanosoma transmit African Sleeping Sickness as the tsetse fly becomes the carrier

• Disease causes infection of WBCs and inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA(CILIATES)

PARAMECIUM

• Phylum Ciliophora• Locomotion- cilia• Free living/ no diseases• Found in ditches and ponds• Trichocysts- oval capsule

under the pellicle• Food and contractile vacuoles• Oral groove and gullet• Binary fission/conjugation• Macro- and micronuclei

STENTOR

• PHYLUM CILIOPHORA• Vase-shaped • Expands to consume

paramecium• Cilia lines the top

PHYLUM RHIZODOPA(AMOEBA)

• Locomotion- pseudopod• Phagocytosis• Most common- amoeba

proteus• Food and contractile vacuole• Nucleus• Cytoplasm in plasma

membrane• Entamoeba histolytica- lives in

human intestines and causes amoebic dysentery (can be fatal)

PHYLUM ACTINOPODA(FORAMINIFERAS)

• Made of calcium carbonate • Multi-chambered• Locomotion-Pseudopod• Dead foraminiferas collect on

the bottom of the ocean floor and are indicators of oil deposits

• Millions of years ago they collected and formed the White Cliffs of Dover in England

• Some found in pyramids the size of silver dollars

• Some also found in Mississippi

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA(SPOROZOANS)

PLASMODIUM

• Immovable except by host• Causes malaria• Life cycle alternates sexual and asexual phases• Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers• Release toxic substances into the blood that

invade the red blood cells• Replicate in red blood cells and burst open • Symptoms: fever, chills

Pneumocystic carinii

• Type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients

• Cysts form in lining of air sacs

• Cysts containing spores divide until bursts open and spores released

SLIME MOLDS

• PHYLUM MYXOMYCOTA

• Sporangium- reproductive structure that produces spores

• Feed on phagocytic decaying plants in forest areas or agricultural fields

• Spores can survive dry areas until moisture is sufficient for them to germinate

• Reproduces with spores

• PHYLUM ACRASIOMYCOTA

• Common in soil where they feed on bacteria and yeasts

• Pseudoplasmodium• Reproduces with spores