Kingdom Plantae

By: Kevin Kaufman

Bryophyta

• Mosses• Seedless Nonvascular Plants• Grow close to ground, absorb water and

nutrients directly from soil• Rely on free-standing water for reproduction• Sphagnum, Antitrichia curtipendula,

Eurhynchium oreganum• Most common nonvascular plants

Hepatophyta

• Liverworts• Seedless Nonvascular• Look like a lobe of liver flat on the ground• Humid, damp habitat• Spores• Cololejeunea macounii, Pallavicinia lyellii,

Porella platyphylla• Commonly mistaken for a weed

Anthocerophyta

• Hornworts• Seedless Nonvascular Plants• Flat, lobed appearance similar to liverworts• Tropical forests along streams• Little green horns produce spores• Ceratophyllum demersum, Ceratophyllum

submersum

Lycophyta

• Club Mosses• Lycophyta• Seedless Nonvascular• True leaves, roots, stems• Granite outcroppings, bogs• Spores• Lycopodium, Selaginella, Isoetes• Second largest Seedless Vascular group

Pterophyta

• Ferns• Seedless Vascular• Sporangia on underside of leaves, roots, stems• Tropical, but many in temperate zones• Spores, Sexual reproduction requires moisture• Pleopeltis polypodioides, Phymatodes

scolopendria, Thelyptris palustris• Long dry periods dry fronds while rains quickly

restore green color

Cycadophyta

• Cycads• Cone-bearing Seed Plant• Coralloid roots, girdling leaf traces• Tropical and sub-tropical zones• Pollination (dioecius plant)• Cycas circinalis, Cycas pruinosa, Cycas revoluta• Regarded as a living fossil

Ginkgophyta

• Ginkgos• Cone-bearing Seed Plant• Fan shaped leaves• China is only known area to hold the ginkgos• Pollen released then captured in pollen tubes• Ginkgo biloba• One living species

Coniferophyta

• Conifers• Cone-bearing Seed Plant• Needlelike leaves• Mountainous regions• Wind pollination• Poplar, cedars, hemlocks• Largest organisms on planet

Anthophyta

• Flowering Plants• Flowering Seed Plant• Seeds enclosed in fruit• All over the world• Flowers produce pollen which is transferred to

other flowers of the same species• Mangos, bananas, apples• Largest phyla of plants