co-funded by the European Union

The Missing Links: Defining the Mamluk Empire as a Node, and What the Network Knows about It

Kilian Schmidtner – Klaus ThodenEverything is on the Move: The “Mamluk Empire” as a Node in (Trans-)Regional Networks. 6th-9th December 2012

The Past, the Present and ...

204.12.12

“In Enquire, I could type in a page of information about a person, a device, or a program. Each page was a "node" in the program, a little like a index card. The only way to create a new node was to make a link from an old node. The links from and to a node would show up as a numbered list at the bottom of each page, much like the list of references at the end of an academic paper.”

Tim Berners-Lee: Weaving the Web. 1998, p. 10.

What you will learn

RDFResource Description Frameworkhttp://www.w3.org/RDF/

XMLExtensible Markup Languagehttp://www.w3.org/XML

TEIText Encoding Initiativehttp://www.tei-c.org

METS Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard

http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/

And what the Network knows about It …

404.12.12

1. Looking back: Where are the Mamluks in German Orientalist Research (ca. 1850-1950)?

2. Setng Links: Weaving a Web of Mamluk Resources by following the Traces in Secondary Literature.

3. Diving into Texts: Relatonships between Textual Sources

4. The Medieval Hypertext: Authors and their Relatonship in scientfic Manuscripts (ISMI)

Who we are

504.12.12

DM2E - Digitzed Manuscripts to Europeana

http://dm2e.eu/

Europeana

http://www.europeana.eu/portal/

•Humboldt Universität Berlin, DE•European Associaton for Jewish Culture•ExLibris, DE•Universität Mannheim, DE•Max-Planck-Insttut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, DE•Natonal Technical University of Athens, GR•Net7, IT•Open Knowledge Foundaton, UK•Österreichische Natonalbibliothek•Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, DE•University of Bergen, NO

What we do

604.12.12

Europeana

Kalliope

RDF

Handschriften-abteilung

ImagesOrient-abteilung

ISMI

States Library Berlin

OPACkalliope.staatsbibliothek-

berlin.de

Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

OPACcoming soon

SBB-digitalsbb-digital.

staatsbibliothek-berlin.de

ismihttp://ismi-dev.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/home

RDF – Resource Description Framework

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RDF – Resource Description Framework

822.01.13

• Subject – Predicate – Object

<gnd:Person rdf:about="http://d-nb.info/gnd/102747083"><gnd:preferredNameForThePerson> Littmann, Enno

</gnd:preferredNameForThePerson>

RDF – Resource Description Framework

922.01.13

• Subject – Predicate – Object

<gnd:Person rdf:about="http://d-nb.info/gnd/102747083"><gnd:preferredNameForThePerson> Littmann, Enno

</gnd:preferredNameForThePerson>

OWL – Web Ontology Language

1022.01.13

• Controlled vocabularies• Domain specific• Vocabulary for books and publicatons: BIBO

• OWL for Mamluk officials' ttles

Linked Data

1122.01.13

• GND • "Mameluckenreich" • http://d-nb.info/gnd/4405212-1• Who was mamluk sultan in 1419?• 1419? Islamic or Christan (Gregorian or Julian) or

Hebrew …• Did he have a daughter?

RDF – Resource Description Framework

1222.01.13

And what the Network knows about It …

1304.12.12

1. Looking back: Where are the Mamluks in German Orientalist Research (ca. 1850-1950)?

2. Setng Links: Weaving a Web of Mamluk Resources by following the Traces in Secondary Literature.

3. Diving into Texts: Relatonships between Textual Sources

4. The Medieval Hypertext: Authors and their Relatonship in scientfic Manuscripts (ISMI)

The „Mamluks“ in german orientalist research

1404.12.12

http://kalliope.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de

0 Mamluken60 Orientalisten

Finding aid „Enno Littmann“

<gnd:UndifferentiatedPerson rdf:about="http://d-nb.info/gnd/102747083"><gnd:publication>Gallina, Francesco: Suppl.. - 1940</gnd:publication><gnd:publication>Cerulli, Enrico: Studi etiopici</gnd:publication><gnd:preferredNameEntityForThePerson rdf:parseType="Resource"> <gnd:forename>Enrico</gnd:forename> <gnd:surname>Cerulli</gnd:surname></gnd:preferredNameEntityForThePerson><gnd:preferredNameForThePerson> Cerulli, Enrico</gnd:preferredNameForThePerson><gnd:oldAuthorityNumber>(DE-588a)102747083</gnd:oldAuthorityNumber><gnd:gndIdentifier>102747083</gnd:gndIdentifier></gnd:UndifferentiatedPerson>

Authority File data set: Enrico Cerulli

Finding aid Enno Littmann

<gnd:DifferentiatedPerson rdf:about="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118862014"><gnd:publication>Geschichte der islamischen Völker und Staaten. - 1939</gnd:publication><gnd:preferredNameForThePerson>Brockelmann, Carl</gnd:preferredNameForThePerson><gnd:variantNameForThePerson>Brūkilmān, Kārl</gnd:variantNameForThePerson><gnd:variantNameForThePerson>Brockelmann, C.</gnd:variantNameForThePerson><gnd:publication>Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur</gnd:publication><gnd:biographicalOrHistoricalInformation>Dt. Orientalist, Prof an d. Univ. Halle</gnd:biographicalOrHistoricalInformation><gnd:publication>Mitteltürkischer Wortschatz nach Mahmūd Al-Kašgarīs Divān Lǔgat at-Tǔrk. - 1928</gnd:publication><gnd:preferredNameEntityForThePerson rdf:parseType="Resource"><gnd:forename>Carl</gnd:forename><gnd:surname>Brockelmann</gnd:surname></gnd:preferredNameEntityForThePerson><gnd:variantNameForThePerson>Brockelmann, Carolus</gnd:variantNameForThePerson><gnd:geographicAreaCode rdf:resource="http://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-DE"/><gnd:variantNameForThePerson>Brok'êlman, K.</gnd:variantNameForThePerson><gnd:dateOfDeath>1956</gnd:dateOfDeath><gnd:oldAuthorityNumber>(DE-588a)131112783</gnd:oldAuthorityNumber><gnd:professionOrOccupation rdf:resource="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4415844-0"/><gnd:oldAuthorityNumber>(DE-588a)118862014</gnd:oldAuthorityNumber><gnd:gndIdentifier>118862014</gnd:gndIdentifier><gnd:publication>A. Socin's Arabische Grammatik. - 1929</gnd:publication><gnd:dateOfBirth>1868</gnd:dateOfBirth><gnd:gndSubjectCategory rdf:resource="http://d-nb.info/vocab/gnd-sc#11.2p"/><gnd:affiliation rdf:resource="http://d-nb.info/gnd/2024162-8"/><gnd:oldAuthorityNumber>(DE-588a)174042531</gnd:oldAuthorityNumber><gnd:variantNameEntityForThePerson rdf:parseType="Resource"><gnd:forename>Karl</gnd:forename><gnd:surname>Brockelmann</gnd:surname></gnd:variantNameEntityForThePerson>…</gnd:DifferentiatedPerson>

Authority File data set: Carl Brockelmann

Who is in Kalliope?

1704.12.12

Enno Littmann and his Correspondence

My Dear Friend …

1804.12.12

Two Postcards from Julius Wellhausen to Enno Littmann, July 1902

NGram – Shortly explained

1904.12.12

http://books.google.com/ngrams/

NGram-Comparisons

2004.12.12

NGram, Lifetime and Publications

2104.12.12

Other Interests

2204.12.12

Nachlass 245, Enno Littmann, Kasten 99:Reisebilder IV-VWeitere Photos aus Abessinien u. von Inschriften

ägyptschen, hellenistschen, Türkische, arabische, Britschen, Deutsch-türkische, Kulturpolitsche, pädagogische, Äthiopischen, Babylonisch-assyrisches, syrischer, hellenistsch-römischer, bischöfichen, islamische, Nordsemitschen, semitsche, Mandäische, babylonischen, assyrischen, indischen, Sabäische, ägyptsche, Früharabische, aegyptsches, Koptsche, Hellenistsche, griechischen, Türkisch-deutsches, Orientalische, persische, diplomatschen, hieroglyphische, Altaegyptschen, Neuaegyptschen, Koptschen, Koptsches, Demotsche, altarabischen, Kritsche, religiös-politschen, arabischen, aramäischen

Other Interests

2304.12.12

Nachlass 245, Enno Littmann, Kasten 99:Reisebilder IV-VWeitere Photos aus Abessinien u. von Inschriften

Geschichte, Wesen, Zeit, Krieg, Grundlagen, Gegenwart, Analyse, Gedanken

Kitāb, Islam, Deutschland, Mysterienreligionen, Sternglaube, Sterndeutung, Grammatk, Sprache, Syrie, Zwei, Storia, Arabern, Schattentheater, Inschriften, Türkei, Aegypten, Altertum, Babylonian, Studien, Orientalia, Zivilprozeßordnung, Lesestücke, Gebr., Unterricht, Reste, Heidentums, Hochschulreform, Kant, Bildungskrise, Lebensfragen, Weltreiches, Problem, Bildung, Kulturkrise, Interessengemeinschaften, Aufgaben, Reiches, Universität, Akademie, ...

And what the Network knows about It …

2404.12.12

1. Looking back: Where are the Mamluks in German Orientalist Research (ca. 1850-1950)?

2. Setng Links: Weaving a Web of Mamluk Resources by following the Traces in Secondary Literature.

3. Diving into Texts: Relatonships between Textual Sources

4. The Medieval Hypertext: Authors and their Relatonship in scientfic Manuscripts (ISMI)

A Mamluk Manuscript

2504.12.12

Ms. or. quart 1817, States Library Berlin.http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de

From a Mamluk to a Mamluk

2604.12.12

Ms. or. quart. 1817, f. 1aMs. or. quart. 1817, f. 50b

The Secondary Literature-Graph

Visualization of bibliographic metadata of secondary literature as a RDF-Triple-Graph.

Adapted after al-Qalqashandi

2804.12.12

al-Qalqašandī: Ḍauʾ aṣ-ṣubḥ al-musfir wa-ǧinā ad-dauḥ al-muṭmir. (Salāma, Maḥmūd, Ed.) Miṣr 1906, S. 241.

Ms. or. quart. 1817, f. 1b

And what the Network knows about It …

2904.12.12

1. Looking back: Where are the Mamluks in German Orientalist Research (ca. 1850-1950)?

2. Setng Links: Weaving a Web of Mamluk Resources by following the Traces in Secondary Literature.

3. Diving into Texts: Relationships between Textual Sources

4. The Medieval Hypertext: Authors and their Relatonship in scientfic Manuscripts (ISMI)

3022.01.13

Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

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Harriot Online

And what the Network knows about It …

3804.12.12

1. Looking back: Where are the Mamluks in German Orientalist Research (ca. 1850-1950)?

2. Setng Links: Weaving a Web of Mamluk Resources by following the Traces in Secondary Literature.

3. Diving into Texts: Relatonships between Textual Sources

4. The Medieval Hypertext: Authors and their Relationship in scientific Manuscripts (ISMI)

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI - History

• started as an Access database nearly 20 years ago• rigid structure, no relaton between fields• Persons and places not always unique• Local soluton

• However: being a digital database already, it can be converted into something more usable

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Biographies

Bibliography

Database Manuscripts

ISMI

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ISMI - Asking questions

• Who could have studied the text?• Where and when did copies of the text exist?• Who copied the text, when and where?• Which other texts are related to this text

(commentary, copies)?• Understand the network of knowledge represented

by the manuscripts.

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI

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ISMI

Conclusion

Representations of text come to electronic devices (Printed books will diminish.)

Research will move into the web.

Research tasks will be automated.

Research is communication.

Thank you for your attention!

Questons?

Kilian Schmidtnerkilian.schmidtner@sbb.spk-berlin.de

Klaus Thodenkthoden@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de