Post on 22-Aug-2020
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
P]g, lgod, sfo{ljlw tyf dfkb08x¿
g]kfn ;®sf®
®fli6«o k''glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
l;+xb®af®, sf7df8f}+
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
P]g, lgod, dfkb08 tyf sfo{ljlwx¿
k|sfzs
g]kfn ;®sf®
®fli6«o k''glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
l;+xb®af®, sf7df8f}+
;xsfo{
cS;kmfd
;fd'bflos cfTdlge{®
;]jf s]Gb|
®fli6«o e"ldclwsf® d~r,
g]kfn
dGtAo
e"sDkn] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltaf6 xfdL lj:tf®} p7\b}5f}+ . @)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDk / To; kl5sf
k/sDk, Ifltsf lx;fjn] xfd|f] nflu 7"nf] ® sxfnLnfUbf] lyof] . xfdL;Fu ePsf]
;|f]t, ;fwg ® Ifdtf cg'¿k k'glg{df{0fsf sfdx¿ eO{®x]sf 5g\ . o;sf nflu
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt kl®jf® ® :j+o ;d'bfon] ug'{ ePsf] k|of; ;x|fxgLo 5 .
k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt lghL cfjf;, ;fd'bflos ® k'®ftflTjs ;+®rgfsf] lgdf{0f,
u'd]sf] hLljsfsf] k'g:yf{kgf ® ljkb\ ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4df klg cfjZos
k|of; e}®x]sf] 5 . lj:yflkt ® e"sDkaf6 k|efljtx¿dWo] klg cem sdhf]® cfˆgf]
38]®L hUuf gePsf, Psn dlxnf, Ho]i7 gful®s, ckf+u, afnaflnsf cflbnfO{
;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ u®]sf] k|oTgn] bLuf] k'glg{df{0fsf] hu xfn]sf] 5 .
:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgkl5 k'glg{df{0fsf] sfdnfO{ ult lbg ® cem u'0ffTds agfpg]
cj;® k|fKt ePsf] 5 . x®]sn] cfkm\gf] ufpF Pj+ gu®kflnsf cGtu{t k'glg{df{0fnfO{
k|fyfldstfdf ®fv]® cufl8 a9\bf xfdLn] lnPsf] nIo k"®f ug{ ;xh x'g]5 . o;
sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo txn] u®]sf z'?jftL kxnn] k|flws®0fnfO{ pT;flxt agfPsf]
5 .
o; aLrdf k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt, sd ljjfbo'Qm ® ;xh agfpg
ljleGg P]g, lgodfjnL, sfo{ljlw ® dfkb08x¿ tof® u®L nfu" ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't
P]g, lgodfjnL, sfo{ljlw Pj+ dfkb08sf] ;Fufnf]sf] ?kdf k|:t't k'l:tsfn]
k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddf yk ult k|bfg ug]{5 eGg]df ljZj:t 5' .
k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb kf]v®]n
k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t,
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
b'O{ zJb
k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;d:ofx?sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu ljleGg P]g,
lgodfjnL, sfo{ljlw ® dfkb08x? sfof{Gjogdf 5g\ . k'glg{df{0fsf] sfdnfO{ yk
ult lbg ;do;Ldf tf]s]® sfd ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] @)&% c;f® d;fGtleq
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cg'bfg lnO{ ;Sg' kg]{ u®L tf]lsPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{nfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfox? Pj+ ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL
x'g] 7fgL k'glg{df{0f sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ljlwx¿ Pj+ dfkb08x? ;d]6L ;+ufnf]sf]
?kdf of] ;fdu|L k|sfzg ul®Psf] 5 .
o; k|sfzgdf ;xsfo{ ug'{ x'g] ;+:yf, kbflwsf®L Pj+ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;"rgf tyf
;~rf® pk;ldltsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ .
;+of]hs >L w|'jk|;fb zdf{
;b:o 8f= rGb|axfb'® >]i7
;lrj >L ;j{hLtk|;fb dxtf]
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
-;"rgf tyf ;~rf® pk–;ldlt_
ljifo;"rL
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ 1
e"sDk k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&@ 20
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@ 28
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] gfddf hUuf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@ 38 e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] k'gjf{; tyf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg]
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@ 47
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f sfo{lglw, @)&# 53
hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# 79
æe"sDkkLl8tnfO{ a;f]jf;of]Uo hUuf vl®b ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&$Æ 84
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&$ 90
lghL cfjf; cg'bfg ljt/0f Pj+ k'glg{df{0f ;do ;Ldf tflnsf 107
;do ;Ldf tflnsfsf] ;f/f+z 108
1
:jLs[t ldlt M @)&@÷(÷)%
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f
;DaGwL P]g, @)&@
k|:tfjgfM ;Dat\ @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk ® tTkZrftsf
k®sDksf] k|efjaf6 Ifltu|:t ;+®rgfsf] bLuf], bl®nf] ® of]hgfa4 ¿kdf oyfzL3|
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ tyf e"sDkaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm ® kl®jf®sf] k'gjf{;
tyf :yfgfGt®0f u®L ®fli6«o lxt k|j4{g tyf ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ug{ clwsf®
;DkGg ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] :yfkgf ;DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo
ePsf]n],
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf®f @(^ sf] pkwf®f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] of]
P]g agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®DeM -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf]
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f®De x'g] 5 .
-#_ of] P]g k|flws®0fsf] sfof{jlw sfod ®x];Dd axfn ®xg]5 .
@= kl®efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf, –
-s_ æsfo{sf®L ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf ( adf]lhdsf] sfo{sf®L ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
2
-v_ ætf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf] lgoddf
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ ælgb]{zs ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æk'glg{df{0fÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] bLuf],, bl®nf] ® of]hgfa4¿kdf
ul®g] cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf ef}lts ljsf;, gjlgdf{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL
sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ ækl®ifb\Æ eGgfn] bkmf % adf]lhdsf] ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k®fdz{ kl®ifb\ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-r_ æk|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tÆ eGgfn] bkmf !! adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|d'v sfo{sf®L
clws[t ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æk|flws®0fÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æe"sDkÆ eGgfn] ;Djt\ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] e"sDk ® tTkZrftsf
k®sDk ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]qÆ eGgfn] e"sDksf sf®0f Jofks ¿kdf dfgjLo
jf ef}lts Iflt eO{ ljz]if k|s[ltsf] of]hgf jf sfo{qmdaf6 lj:yflktx¿sf]
k'gjf{; ® ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs Pj+ k'®ftflTjs ;+®rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ug'{
kg]{ egL g]kfn ;®sf®n] g]kfn ®fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u®L tf]s]sf] s'g} If]q
;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ æ;lrjÆ eGgfn] bkmf !# adf]lhdsf] k|flws®0fsf] ;lrj ;Demg' k5{ .
3
#= k|flws®0fsf] :yfkgf M -!_ e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f :yfkgf ul®Psf] 5 .
-@_ k|flws®0fsf] sfo{If]q g]kfn ;®sf®n] g]kfn ®fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u®L
tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ k|flws®0fsf] sfof{jlw kfFr aif{sf] x'g]5 . s'g} sf®0fn] ;f] cjlwdf k'glg{df{0fsf]
sfd ;DkGg gePdf g]kfn ;®sf®n] k|flws®0fsf] sfof{jlw Ps aif{sf nflu
yk ug{ jf k|flws®0fn] u®L cfPsf] o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sfd cGo lgsfon]
ug]{ u®L cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|flws®0fsf] sfof{jlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k|flws®0fsf]
xs, bfloTj ® ;DklQ g]kfn ;sf®df ;g]{5 .
-%_ k|flws®0fsf] ;lrjfno sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf ®xg] 5 .
$= k|flws®0fsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®M -!_ k|flws®0fsf] sfd, st{Jo
® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M –
-s_ e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] olsg ug]{, u®fpg],
-v_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]q tf]Sgsf] nflu g]kfn ;®sf®;dIf l;kmfl®z ug]{,
-u_ k'glg{df{0fsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{®0f ug]{,
-3_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cfjZos gLlt, of]hgf, ah]6 tyf sfo{tflnsf
;lxtsf] sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug]{,
-ª_ k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cfof]hgf :jLs[t ug]{,
-r_ k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug,]{ u®fpg],
-5_ k'glg{df{0f, PsLs[t a:tL tyf PsLs[t cfjf; ;DaGwL ljsf; nufotsf
of]hgf jf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o; P]g
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ hUuf k|flKt ug]{ jf To:tf] sfdsf] nflu
s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf®LnfO{ lhDd]jf®L lbg],
-h_ PsLs[t a:tL ljsf;, PsLs[t cfjf; ljsf; -xfp; k'lnª_, k'g:yf{kgf
4
tyf :yfgfGt®0fsf nflu cfjZos dfkb08 agfO{ pko'{Qm :yfgsf]
klxrfg ug]{ ® To;sf] of]hgf th'{df u®L sfof{Gjog ug]{, u®fpg],
-em_ k'glg{df{0f jf PsLs[t a:tL ljsf; ;DaGwL cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogsf nflu s'g} JolQmn] u®]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'g} sfd ®f]Sg] jf
Tff]lsPsf] u'0f:t®, dfkb08 jf ljlwaf6 dfq To:tf] sfd ug{ ;DalGwt
JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-`_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu s'g} JolQmsf] ef}lts ;+®rgf x6fpg cfjZos ePdf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{{ lbO{ x6fO{ lbg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
cfb]z lbg],
-6_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, pBf]u, ®f]huf®L tyf k'glg{df{0f ® k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm ljsf;, k'glg{df{0f ® k'g:yf{kgf;+u ;DalGwt
sfo{qmd tof® u®L nfu" ug]{, u®fpg],
-7_ k'glg{df{0f ug]{ lhDd]jf®L kfPsf] lgsfonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ah]6 tyf cGo
;|f]t ;fwg pknAw u®fpg],
-8_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f® u}®;®sf®L ;+:yf, lghL If]q jf
;d'bfonfO{ kl®rfng ug]{,
-9_ cfjZostf cg';f® ;®sf®L, lghL jf u}®;®sf®L If]q, ;d'bfo jf
g]kfnl:yt ljb]zL ;+3, ;+:yf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df pko'Qm ljlw rog u®L
k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{ ug]{ u®fpg],
-0f_ k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf®L agfpg ljleGg lgsfoaLr
;dGjo ug]{,
-t_ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddf ;+nUg lgsfosf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{, u®fpg],
-y_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cfly{s >f]t h'6fpg] tyf To;sf] k|efjsf®L pkof]usf]
Joj:yf ug]{, u®fpg],
-b_ Ifltu|:t jf hf]lvdo'Qm ef}lts ;+®rgfsf] k|fljlws hfFr u®L jf u®fO{
To:tf] ef}lts ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfb]z
lbg] ® To;®L ;+®rgf gx6fP jf geTsfPdf To:tf] ;+®rgf cfkm}+n] x6fpg]
jf eTsfpg]] ® To;®L ;+®rgf x6fpFbf jf eTsfpFbf nfu]sf] jf:tljs vr{
5
;DalGwt wgLaf6 ;®sf®L afFsL ;®x c;'n pk® ug{ TfTsfn ;DalGwt
lgsfo jf kbflwsf®LnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
t® tf]lsP adf]lhd cfly{s ?kn] ljkGgtfsf] sf®0f To:tf] ;+®rgf wgL
cfkm}n] x6fpg jf eTsfpg g;Sg] ePdf k|flws®0fn] ;®sf®L vr{df
;f] ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf®LnfO{ lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-w_ k|flws®0fsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd eP u®]sf sfd, sf®afxLsf] cfjZostf
cg';f® lg®LIf0f, hfFr tyf cg'udg ug]{, u®fpg],
-g_ e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ ug]{, u®fpg] .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|flws®0fn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{ l56f] 5l®tf] 9+uaf6 ;DkGg ug{,
u®fpg e"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]qdf ul®g] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt, hUUff
btf{, u'7L, ;fj{hlgs vl®b, ag, k|frLg :df®s ;+®If0f ® jftfj®0fLo k|efj
d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfn ;®sf®af6 :jLs[t sfo{ljlw adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf @ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;®sf®n] 5'§f5'§} sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu"
ug]{5 .
t® ;fj{hlgs vl®b P]gsf] d"ne"t l;4fGt ljkl®t x'g] u®L sfo{ljlw agfO{g]
5}g .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd sfo{ljlw agfpFbf jf s'g} sfd ubf{, u®fpFbf kof{j®0fLo
;Gt'ng, :j:y k|lt:kwf{, kf®blz{tf ® hjfkmb]lxtfdf k|lts"n c;® gkg]{ u®L
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw g]kfn ®fhkqdf k|sfzg ul®g]5 .
6
%= ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k®fdz{ kl®ifb\sf] u7g M -!_ lgb]{zs ;ldltnfO{
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL gLlt tyf of]hgf tof® ug]{ ;DaGwdf k®fdz{ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu
Ps ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k®fdz{ kl®ifb\ ®xg]5 .
-@_ kl®ifb\sf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|wfgdGqL –cWoIf
-v_ Joj:yflksf–;+:fbsf] k|d'v ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf –pkfWoIf
-u_ k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf dGqLx¿ –;b:o
-3_ k"j{ k|wfgdGqLx¿ –;b:o
-ª_ Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ®fhg}lts
bnsf k|d'vx¿ –;b:o
-r_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lhNnfaf6 Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;+;b\ ;b:ox¿ dWo] ;dfa]zL
l;4fGtsf] cfwf®df k|To]s lhNnfaf6 k|ltlglwTj
x'g] u®L k®fdz{ kl®ifb\af6 dgf]gLt rf}whgf –;b:o
-5_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t –;b:o
-h_ ®fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf –;b:o
-em_ g]kfn ;®sf®sf] d'Vo ;lra –;b:o
-`_ k|wfg;]gfklt, g]kfnL ;]gf –;b:o
-6_ g]kfn ®fi6« a}Ísf] ue{g® –;b:o
-7_ k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf g]kfn ;®sf®sf ;lrjx¿ –;b:o
-8_ k|x®L dxflg®LIfs, g]kfn k|x/L –;b:o
-9_ ;z:q k|x®L dxflg®LIfs, ;z:q k|x®L an, g]kfn –;b:o
-0f_ ljZjljBfno, u}® ;®sf®L ;+:yf, gful®s ;dfh jf
7
lghL If]qsf lj1dWo]af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]gLt u/]sf slDtdf b'O{
dlxnf;lxt kfFr hgf – ;b:o
-t_ ;lrj –;b:o–;lrj
-#_ kl®ifb\sf] a}7s slDtdf 5 dlxgfdf Psk6s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt,
;do ® :yfgdf a:g]5 .
-$_ kl®ifb\sf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f® cGo s'g} lj1 jf
kbflwsf®LnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ kl®ifb\sf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw kl®ifb\ cfkm}n] lgwf{®0f
u®] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^= lgb]{zs ;ldlt M -!_ k|flws®0fsf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ Ps
lgb]{zs ;ldlt ®xg]5 .
-@_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_
-v_
k|wfgdGqL
Joj:yflksf–;+;b\sf] k|d'v ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf
–cWoIf
jf lghn] tf]s]sf] pkg]tf, Joj:yflksf–
;+;b\sf] ;b:o ®x]sf] k"j{ k|wfgdGqL, k"j{ ;efd'v,
k"j{ pkk|wfgdGqL jf ;+j}wflgs kl®ifb\sf]
k"j{ ;b:odWo]jf6 Pshgf
–pkfWoIf
-u_ k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf b'O{ hgf dGqL –;b:o
-3_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t –;b:o
-ª_ ®fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf –;b:o
-r_ g]kfn ;®sf®sf] d'Vo ;lrj –;b:o
-5_ k"jf{wf® ljsf; tyf OlGhlgol®Ë, sfg"g,
8
cy{zf:q, Joj:yfkg, e"uf]n, e"ue{zf:q,
k'®ftTj jf ljsf; of]hgf ljifodf g]kfn
;®sf®af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6
:gftsf]Q® u®L ®fli6«o, cGt®fli6«o If]qsf
kl®of]hgf nufot ;DalGwt If]qdf slDtdf
bz aif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u®]sf lj1dWo]af6
;dfa]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf®df g]kfn ;®sf®n]
dgf]gLt u®]sf tLg hgf –;b:o
-h_ ;lrj –;b:o–;lrj
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox¿ g]kfn ;®sf®n] rfx]sf]
cjlw;Dd cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn ®xg]5g\ . s'g} sf®0fn] lghx¿nfO{ ;f] kbaf6
x6fpg' k®]df To;®L x6fpg' cl3 lghx¿nfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;'ljwf g]kfn ;®sf®n]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&= lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s
cfjZostf cg';f® cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do ® :yfgdf a:g]5 .
-@_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf ® 5nkmn x'g] ljifo To:tf] a}7s a:g]
;doeGbf ;fdfGotof rf}aL; 306f cufj} ;lrjn] ;b:ox¿nfO{ pknAw
u®fpg]5 .
-#_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox¿
pkl:yt ePdf lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"®s ;+Vof k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
-%_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6
9
x'g]5 ® dt a®fa® ePdf a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
-^_ lgb]{zs ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® g]kfn ;®sf/sf s'g} kbflwsf®L,
s'g} lgsfo jf ;+3, ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw jf lj1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
-&_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;lrjn] k|dfl0ft ug]{5 .
-*_ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt cfkm}n]
lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*= lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® M lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd,
st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] tof® u®]sf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL gLlt tyf of]hgf :jLs[t
ug]{,
-v_ k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ® k|efjsf®L agfpg sfo{sf®L ;ldltnfO{
lgb]{zg lbg],
-u_ k|flws®0fsf] ah]6 :jLs[t ug]{,
-3_ k|flws®0fsf] ;f+u7lgs ;+®rgf :jLs[t ug{] .
(= sfo{sf®L ;ldlt M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd k|flws®0fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd,
st{Jo ® clwsf®sf] k|of]u ® kfngf ug{, u®fpg Ps sfo{sf®L ;ldlt ®xg]5 .
-@_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t –cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;®sf®sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] tf]s]sf]
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl®ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] ;lra –;b:o
10
-u_ k"jf{wf® ljsf; tyf OlGhlgol®Ë, sfg"g, cy{zf:q,
Joj:yfkg, e"uf]n, e"ue{zf:q, k'®ftTj jf ljsf;
of]hgf ljifodf g]kfn ;®sf®af6 dfGotf k|fKt
ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q® u®L ®fli6«o,
cGt®fli6«o If]qsf kl®of]hgf nufPt ;DalGwt
If]qdf slDtdf bz aif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u®]sf
lj1dWo]af6 ;dfa]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf®df
g]kfn ;®sf®n] dgf]gLt u®]sf rf® hgf –;b:o
-3_ ;lra –;b:o–;lrj
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox¿ g]kfn ;®sf®n] rfx]sf]
calw;Dd cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn ®xg]5g\ . s'g} sf®0fn] lghx¿nfO{ ;f] kbjf6
x6fpg' k®]df To;®L x6fpg cl3 lghx¿nfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf @ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf ;b:ox¿sf] kfl®>lds tyf ;'ljwf g]kfn
;®sf®n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)= sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sfo{sf®L
;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f® cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do ® :yfgdf a:g]5 .
-@_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf ® 5nkmn x'g] ljifo To:tf] a}7s a:g] ;do
eGbf ;fdfGotof rf}lj; 3G6f cufj} ;lrjn] ;b:ox¿nfO{ pknAw u®fpg] 5 .
-#_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] s"n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] krf; k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿
pkl:yt ePdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"®s ;+Vof k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
-%_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 ® dt
a®fj® ePdf cWoIfn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
11
-^_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® g]kfn ;®sf®sf s'g} kbflwsf®L, s'g}
lgsfo jf ;+3, ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw jf lj1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;lrjn] k|dfl0ft ug]{ 5 .
-*_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw sfo{sf®L ;ldlt cfkm}+n]
lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!= k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|flws®0fsf]
sfo{sf®L k|d'vsf] ¿kdf k"®f ;do sfd ug]{ u®L Ps k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t ®xg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;®sf®åf®f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|zf;g, Joj:yfkg,
cy{zf:q, O{lGhlgol®Ë jf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ljifodf slDtdf :gftsf]Q® u®L
;DalGwt If]qdf slDtdf kGw| aif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u®]sf JolQmx¿dWo]af6
g]kfn ;®sf®n] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-#_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] kbfjlw lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] kfFr aif{sf] x'g]5 .
g]kfn ;®sf®n] k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] kbfalw cfjZostf cg';f®
a9Ldf Psaif{sf] nflu yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf]
sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf g]kfn ;®sf®n] lghnfO{ h'g;'s} avt kbaf6 x6fpg
;Sg]5 .
t® To;®L kbaf6 x6fpg cl3 lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ s'g} sf®0fn] k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] kb l®Qm ePdf g]kfn ;®sf®n] pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmdWo]af6 afFsL cjlwsf] nflu To:tf]
kbdf csf]{ JolQm lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-^_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] kfl®>lds, ;]jfsf] cGo zt{ ® ;'ljwf g]kfn
;®sf®n] gkfn ®fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u®L tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
12
!@= k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® M k|d'v
sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|flws®0fsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL gLlt ® of]hgfsf] vfsf tof® u®L lgb]{zs
;ldlt;dIf :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug{ nufpg],
-v_ k|flws®0fsf] sfd sf®afxLsf ;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfo aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{,
-u_ kl®ifb\ ® lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg ® lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u®fpg],
-3_ k'glg{df{0f jf a:tL ljsf;sf] qmddf s'g} JolQmsf] 3® hUufdf k|j]z ug]{, To:tf]
7fFpdf s;}sf] k|j]zdf ®f]s nufpg] jf s'g} cj®f]w eP To:tf] cj®f]w x6fpg],
-ª_ k|flws®0fdf lgo'Qm sd{rf®Ln] lhDd]jf®L k"®f gu®]df x6fpg];Ddsf] sf®afxL
ug]{,
-r_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cGo sfo{x¿ ug]{, u®fpg] .
!#= k|flws®0fsf] ;lrj M -!_ g]kfn ;®sf®n] k|flws®0fsf] ;lrjsf]
¿kdf sfo{ ug{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ®fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[tx¿dWo]af6
PshgfnfO{ tf]Sg]5 .
-@_ ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|flws®0fsf] k|zf;sLo k|d'vsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug]{,
-v_ k|flws®0fn] ug ] { k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ a:t'
tyf ;]jf vl®b ug]{, u®fpg],z
-u_ k|flws®0fnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf tyf ljj®0f ;+sng ug]{,
-3_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] lg0f{o Pj+ lgb]{zgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u®fpg],
-ª_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ ljifodf k|:tfj tof® u/L sfo{sf®L
;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug]{,
13
-r_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿sf] cg'udg
tyf lg®LIf0f ug]{, u®fpg],
-5_ tf]lsP adf]lhd cGo sfo{x¿ ug]{, u®fpg] .
!$= sd{rf®L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|flws®0fnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf®L
g]kfn ;®sf®n] pknAw u®fpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;®sf®n] cfjZos sd{rf®L pknAw u®fpg g;Sg]
ePdf k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tn] ljleGg txsf sd{rf®L tf]lsP adf]lhd
s®f®df lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s®f®df lgo'Qm sd{rf®Lsf] ;]jf, zt{ ® ;'ljwf s®f®kqdf
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] k|flws®0fsf] sfdsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f® ljz]if1sf]
;]jf lng ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf pknAw u®fpg] ljz]if1sf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf®,
kbfjlw ® ;'ljwf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] g]kfn ;®sf®af6 pknAw u®fO{Psf sd{rf®LnfO{ yk ;'ljwf
pknAw u®fpg ;Sg]5 .
!%= k'glg{df{0f sf]if M -!_ k|flws®0fsf] nflu Pp6f 5'§} k'glg{df{0f sf]if ®xg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ®sdx¿ ®xg]5g\ M–
-s_ g]kfn ;®sf®af6 k|fKt ®sd,
-v_ k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k p4f® sf]ifaf6 k|fKt ®sd,
-u_ s'g} ;+3, ;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 k|fKt ®sd,
14
-3_ ljb]zL JolQm, ;®sf® jf cGt®f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfaf6 gub jf a:t'ut
;xfotf jf sfo{qmdjfkt k|fKt ®sd,
-ª_ cGo s'g} >f]taf6 k|fKt ®sd .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] ®sd k|fKt ug'{ cl3 k|flws®0fn] k®®fi6«
dGqfno;Fusf] ;dGjodf cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] ;+rfng sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-%_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg o; bkmf adf]lhdsf]
k'glg{df{0f sf]ifdf ®x]sf] ®sd lkm|h x'g] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] ®sd k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfdsf nflu dfq
vr{ ul®g]5 .
-&_ k|flws®0fn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] aflif{s sf®f]af®sf] l:ylt ® cGo
x®lx;fasf] k|ltj]bg tof® u®L g]kfn ;®sf®;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
!^= k|zf;lgs vr{sf nflu ®sd pknAw u®fpg] M g]kfn ;®sf®n]
k|flws®0fsf] k|zf;lgs vr{sf] nflu cfjZos ®sd aflif{s ¿kdf pknAw u®fpg]5 .
!&= sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ k|flws®0fn] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
sfd jf To:tf] sfdsf] ;'k®Lj]If0f, cg'udg ® ;dGjo ug{, u®fpg cfjZostf cg';f®
sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf sfof{nosf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®
k|flws®0fn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
15
!*= k|flws®0fsf] ;f+u7lgs ;+®rgf ® b®aGbL M k|flws®0fsf
sd{rf®Lsf] b®aGbL ® sfo{ ljj®0f lgb]{zs ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ;f+u7lgs ;+®rgf ®
ah]6sf] kl®lwleq ®xL sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(= n]vf ® n]vfk®LIf0f M -!_ k|flws®0fsf] cfo–Joosf] n]vf g]kfn
;®sf®n] ckgfPsf] 9fFrf adf]lhd ®fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws®0fsf] sf]ifsf] cfGtl®s n]vf k®LIf0f sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{noaf6 ® clGtd n]vf k®LIf0f dxfn]vf k®LIfsaf6 x'g]5 .
@)= ljsf; ® ;xfotf ;dGjo tyf ;xlhs®0f ;ldltM ljsf;
;xfotfåf®f ;~rflnt k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf®L ® kf®bzL{ agfpg®
To:tf] sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug{, u®fpg kl®ifb\n] k|d'v sfo{sf®L
clws[tsf];+of]hsTjdf ®fli6«o tyf cGt®fli6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf®x¿ ® gful®s
;dfhsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj x'g] u®L a9Ldf P3f® ;b:o ®x]sf] Ps ljsf; ;xfotf
;dGjo tyf ;xlhs®0f ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .
@!= lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ k|flws®0fn] o; P]g adf]lhd cfkm\gf] sfd,
st{Jo tyf clwsf®sf] k|of]u ubf{ s'g} ;fj{hlgs lgsfo jf ®fi6«;]jsnfO{ cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ®fi6«;]jssf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
@@= sf®afxLsf] nflu n]vL k7fpg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd k|flws®0fn]
lbPsf] lgb]{zg s'g} ®fi6«;]jsn] kfngf gu®]df lghn] cfkm\gf] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] pNn+3g u®]sf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ k|flws®0fn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gug]{ ®fi6«;]jsnfO{ k|flws®0fn] sf®afxLsf]
nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
16
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lgsfosf] k|d'v jf ®fi6«;]jsnfO{ sf®afxLsf] nflu
n]vL cfPdf clwsf®k|fKt clwsf®Ln] lghnfO{ Ps dlxgf leq sf®afxL u®L
;f]sf] hfgsf®L k|flws®0fnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; P]g adf]lhd k|flws®0faf6 k|Tofof]lht clwsf® adf]lhd s'g} ®fi6«;]jsn]
sfd gu®]df To:tf] ®fi6«;]jsn] u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLsf] ;DaGwdf k|flws®0fn]
hfFha'em ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd hfFha'em ubf{ k|flws®0fn] ;DalGwt kmfOn lemsfpg
tyf ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ ;Df]t a'em\g ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ubf{ s'g} ®fi6«;]jsn] u}®sfg"gL sfd sf®afxL
u®]sf] kfOPdf k|flws®0fn] To:tf] ®fi6«;]jsnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
sf®afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg]5 .
@#= ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ M k|flws®0fn] cfkm\gf] sfd sf®afxLnfO{
k|efjsf®L ® kf®bzL{ agfpg slDtdf 5 dlxgfdf Psk6s ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{ ug]{5 .
@$= k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ M -!_ k|flws®0fn] k|To]s rf}dfl;s
¿kdf cfkm"n] u®]sf sfd sf®afxL ® k|zf;lgs tyf k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ePsf] vr{
;d]t ;dfj]z u®L pko'Qm dfWodaf6 k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws®0fn] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLsf] aflif{s k|ltj]bg cfly{s
aif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq g]kfn ;®sf®;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;®sf®n] Joj:yflksf–
;+;b\;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
@%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M -!_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]qdf k|flws®0faf6 eP
u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLdf ;dGjo ug{ k|To]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt
®xg]5 .
17
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf ;DalGwt lhNnfaf6
Jj:yflksf–;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;+;b\ ;b:o, ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf®L ® :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf®L ®xg]5g\ .
-#_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf ;+;b\ ;b:odWo]af6
g]kfnL j0ff{g'qmdsf] gfd cg';f® k|To]s 5 dlxgfdf kfn}kfn} u®L x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®
b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|flws®0faf6 eP u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLdf ;dGjo ug]{,
-v_ k|flws®0faf6 eP u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLsf] cg'udg ug]{,
-u_ k|flws®0faf6 eP u®]sf] sfd sf®afxLsf] ;dLIff ug]{,
-3_ k|flws®0fsf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt lhNnfl:yt kbflwsf®L jf sd{rf®Ln]
o; P]g ljkl®t s'g} sfd u®]df sf®afxLsf] nflu l;kmfl®z ug]{,
-ª_ tf]lsP adf]lhd cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;f] ;ldltdf
cfjZostf cg';f® lhNnfl:yt s'g} lgsfosf kbflwsf®L, dlxnf tyf
;dfh;]jLnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@^= k'g®fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; P]gdf plNnlvt sfd st{Jo
® clwsf®sf] k|of]u ubf{ k|flws®0fn] u®]sf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z pk® lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn]
pkbkkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k'g®fj]bg ;ldlt;dIf k'g®fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k®]sf] k'g®fj]bgsf] sf®afxL ® lsgf®f ug{ g]kfn ;®sf®n]
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps k'g®fj]bg ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 M–
-s_ k'g®fj]bg cbfntsf] axfnjfnf GofofwLzdWo]af6
Gofo kl®ifb\sf] l;kmfl®zdf g]kfn ;®sf®n]
tf]s]sf] GofofwLz –cWoIf
18
-v_ k"jf{wf®, OlGhlgol®Ë, sfg"g, cy{zf:q, Joj:yfkg,
cfly{s jf ;fdflhs ljsf;, k'®ftTj, ;fj{lhs
vl®b jf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] ljifodf dfGotfk|fKt
ljZjljBfnoaf6 slDtdf :gftsf]Q/ u/L ;DalGwt
If]qdf slDtdf kGw| aif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf
JolQmx¿dWo]af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n]
lgo'Qm u®]sf b'O{ hgf –;b:o
-#_ k'g®fj]bg ;ldltsf cWoIf ® ;b:osf] ;'ljwf k'g®fj]bg cbfntsf GofofwLz
;®x x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ;b:onfO{ lghsf] v®fj cfr®0f
jf sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] cfwf®df kbLo lhDd]jf®L k"®f ug{ g;Sg] egL g]kfn
;®sf®n] u7g u®]sf] hfFra'em ;ldltn] kbd'Qm ug{ l;kmfl®z u®]df g]kfn
;®sf®n] lghnfO{ h'g;'s} avt kbaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .
t® To;®L kbaf6 x6fpg' cl3 lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ k'g®fj]bg ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] pknAw u®fpg]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;ldltn] k'g®fj]bgsf] sf®afxL ® lsgf®f ubf{
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k'g®fj]bg cbfntnfO{ eP ;®xsf] clwsf®sf] k|of]u
ug]{5 .
-&_ k'g®fj]bg ;ldltn] o; bkmf adf]lhd k'g®fj]bgsf] sf®afxL ® lsgf®f ubf{
;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, @)@* adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug]{5 .
-*_ k'g®fj]bg ;ldltn] u®]sf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z clGtd x'g]5 .
-(_ k'g®fj]bg ;ldltsf] sfof{jlw k|flws®0f lj36g ePsf] ldltn] Ps aif{;Dd
®xg]5 . k'g®fj]bg ;ldltn] cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfof{jlw leq km5\of}{6 ug{
afFsL ®x]sf k'g®fj]bg ® ;f];+u ;DalGwt ldl;n k|flws®0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
®x]sf] :yfgsf] If]qflwsf® ePsf] k'g®fj]bg cbfntdf ;g]{5 .
19
@&= o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf n]lvPhlt s'®fdf o;} P]g adf]lhd ®
o; P]gn] g;d]6]sf] ljifodf cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@*= clwsf® k|Tofof]hg M k|flws®0fn] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf®dWo]
cfjZostf cg';f® s]xL clwsf® k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[t, ;b:o, ;lrj jf g]kfn
;®sf/sf] s'g} lgsfo jf clws[tnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@(= g]kfn ;®sf®;+u ;Dks{ M k|flws®0fn] g]kfn ;®sf®;Fu ;Dks{ ®fVbf
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl®ifb\sf] sfof{nodfkm{t ®fVg' kg]{5 .
#)= lgod agfpg ;Sg] M g]kfn ;®sf®n] o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
#!= lgb]{lzsf jf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodsf] clwgdf ®xL k|flws®0fn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;+rfng ug{
cfjZos lgb]{lzsf jf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#@= arfp M e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)&@
adf]lhd k|flws®0fsf] gfdaf6 eO;s]sf vr{, kqfrf®, sfod u®]sf] a}+s vftf tyf
n]vf >]:tf o;} P]g adf]lhd eP u®]sf] dflgg]5 .
20
:jLs[t ldlt M @)&@÷!@÷)!
e"sDk k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)&@
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf #) n] lbPsf]
clwsf® k|of]u u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] b]xfosf] lgodx¿ agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®DeM -!_ oL lgodx¿sf] gfd æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt
;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL lgodfjNfL, @)&@Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f®De x'g] 5 .
@= kl®efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf, –
-s_ æcfof]hgfÆ eGgfn] k'glg{df{0f, PsLs[t j:tL ljsf; jf PsLs[t cfjf;
ljsf; nufot e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf kl®jf®sf] k'g{jf; jf :yfgfGt®0f
;DaGwL of]hgf, sfo{qmd jf cfof]hgf ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@
;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ ælhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf @% adf]lhdsf] lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
21
#= k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu k|fyldstfsf] cfwf® M P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -Uf_ adf]lhd k|flws®0fn] b]xfosf] cfwf®df k'glg{df{0fsf] k|fyldstf
lgwf{®0f u®L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{ jf u®fpg' kg]{5 .
-s_ cTofjZos ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ ;®sf®L, ;fj{hlgs lgsfo tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf
;DaGwL,
-v_ u|fdL0f cfjf;, u|fdL0f k"jf{wf®, Plss[t a:tL ljsf; tyf ;fj{hlgs lzIf0f
;+:yf ;DaGwL,
-u_ ;x®L cfjf;, ;x®L k"jf{wf®, tyf PsLs[t a:tL ljsf; ;DaGwL,
-3_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt afx]s Ifltu|:t jf hf]lvdo'Qm ;®sf®L tyf ;fj{hlgs
lgsfosf] ;+®rgf ;DaGwL,
-ª_ ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf k®]sf jf k'®ftflTjs dxTjsf ;+®rgf ;DaGwL, ®
-r_ k|flws®0fn] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo ;+®rgf ;DaGwL .
$= cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ kfngf ug'{ kg]{ u'0f:t®, dfkb08 tyf
ljlwM ;DalGwt lgsfon] P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -em_
adf]lhd k'glg{df{0f jf PsLs[t a:tL lasf; ;DaGwL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{
k|flws®0fn] lgwf{®0f u®L lbP adf]lhdsf] u'0f:t®, dfkb08 tyf ljlwsf] kfngf ug'{
kg]{5 .
%= ;®sf®L vr{df ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg lgb]{zg lbg]M -!_
cfly{s¿kn] ljkGg b]xfosf JolQmn] e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t jf hf]lvdo'Qm ;+®rgf
cfkm}+n] x6fpg jf eTsfpg g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg
k|flws®0f;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
22
-s_ g]kfn ;®sf®sf] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 clt ul®a JolQmsf] kl®rokq
k|fKt u®]sf] JolQm,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd kl®rokq k|fKt gul®;s]sf] eP jflif{s krf; xhf®
eGbf sd cfo ePsf] JolQm, jf
-u_ Ifltu|:t jf hf]lvdo'Qm ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlw
jf pks®0fsf] nfut Joxf]g{ cfly{s ¿kn] c;dy{ ePsf] JolQm .
:ki6Ls®0fM o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æJolQmÆ eGgfn] lghsf]
Psf;uf]nsf] kl®jf® ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ ® -Uf_ df plNnlvt JolQmn] lgj]bg ;fy ;DalGwt
:yfgLo lgsfo jf lhNnf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl®z ;d]t k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k®]sf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ lgj]bgsf] Joxf]®f dgfl;j
b]lvPdf k|flws®0fn] ;®sf®L vr{df To:tf] ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg s'g}
lgsfo jf kbflwsf®LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
^= k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®M -!_ P]gsf]
bkmf !@ df plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®sf] cltl®Qm k|d'v sfo{sf®L
clws[tsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] ljj®0f tof® u®L jf ug{ nufO{ To:tf] Ifltsf]
olsg ug{ sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg],
-v_ PsLs[t a:tL lasf;, PsLs[t cfjf; ljsf;, k'g:yf{kgf tyf
:yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08 agfpg ® pko'Qm :yfgsf] klxrfg
ug{ nufO{ sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg],
-u_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, pBf]u, ®f]huf®L tyf k'glg{df0f ® k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL
sfo{qmd tyf ;f] sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm ljsf; of]hgf tof®
u®L sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg],
23
-3_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu u}® ;®sf®L ;+:yf, lghL If]q jf ;d'bfonfO{ kl®rfng
ug]{ ®0fgLlt tof® u®L lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg],
-ª_ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfddf ;+nUg lgsfosf] Ifdtf ljsf; ;DaGwdf
cfjZos sfo{ ug]{, u®fpg],
-r_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cfjZos >f]t h'6fpg tyf To;sf] k|efjsf®L
pkof]usf] Joj:yf ldnfpg cfjZos sfo{ ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg] .
&= ;lrjsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® M P]gsf bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf
-@_ df plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®sf] cltl®Qm ;lrjsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo
® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ k|flws®0fsf] jflif{s vl®b of]hgf tof® ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg],
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd n]vf pQ®bfoL clwsf®Ln] kfngf ug'{kg]{
lhDd]jf®L kfngf ug]{,
-u_ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ®fli6«o tyf cGt®fli6«o ;+3
;+:yfsf] ;"rL tof® ug]{,
-3_ k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu s'g} ef}lts ;+®rgf x6fpg jf eTsfpg cfjZos eP,
gePsf] cWoog u®L jf u®fO{ sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug{],
-ª_ k|flws®0f;dIf k®]sf lgj]bgsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfFra'em ug]{ jf
u®fpg],
-r_ k|flws®0fnfO{ k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ®sd P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhdsf] k'glg{df{0f
sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg],
-5_ k|flws®0fsf] tkm{af6 ug'{kg]{ k|j4{gfTds sfo{x¿ ug]{ jf u®fpg],
-h_ k|flws®0fsf] ;DklQ lhDdfdf ®fVg] jf ®fVg nufpg] .
*= sd{rf®L Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd k|flws®0fn] g]kfn ;®sf®;dIf sd{rf®L dfu ubf{ :jLs[t ;f+u7lgs
24
;+®rgf ® b®aGbLsf] cfwf®df cfkm\gf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf®Lsf] ;DalGwt ;]jf,
;d"x, kb, >]0fL jf tx tyf ;+Vof ;d]tsf] ljj®0f v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq sd{rf®L pknAw x'g g;s]df
k|flws®0f cfkm}n] s®f®df sd{rf®L lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s®f®df sd{rf®L lgo'lQm ug]{ ;DaGwdf l;kmfl®z ug{
k|flws®0fsf ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl®ifb\sf] sfof{no
® ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;x;lrj ® k|flws®0fsf] k|zf;g x]g]{ ;x;lrj
®x]sf] Ps kbk"lt{ ;ldlt ®xg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] kbk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ kbsf] ;+Vof, >]0fL jf
tx, cfjZos of]Uotf, sfo{ ljj®0f yf cGo cfjZos ljj®0f v'nfO{ kGw|
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf] nflu lj1fkg cfJxfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 sd{rf®L 5gf}6 ubf{
cfjZostf cg'';f® lnlvt, df}lvs jf k|of]ufTds k®LIffsf] cfwf®df
ul®g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|lt:kwf{af6 5gf}6 eO{ pklgod -#_
adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltn]] l;kml®z u®]sf] pDd]bjf®nfO{ k|d'v sfo{sf®L
clws[tn] k|flws®0fsf] sd{rf®Ldf lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug'{ cl3 To:tf] JolQm;Fu k|flws®0fn] cg';"rLsf]
9fFrfdf s®f® ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] sd{rf®L 5gf}6 ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{
cGo sfo{ljlw ;f] ;ldltn] lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®M P]gsf] bkmf @%
df pNn]v ePsf sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf®sf cltl®Qm lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf] cGo sfd st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5g\ M–
25
-s_ lhNnfleq k|flws®0f ® cGo lgsfoaf6 ePsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfo{sf]
;dGjo ug]{,
-v_ k'glg{df0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfdf 5'6\ofO{Psf] ®sd gk'u ePdf k|flws®0f
;dIf dfu ug{ nufpg],
-u_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt cof]hgfsf] sfo{ ug]{ s'g} klg sfof{noaf6 eP u®]sf
sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u®L k|flws®0fnfO{ k|ltj]bg lbg],
-3_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL cfof]hgfnfO{ yk k|efjsf®L agfpg'
kg]{ b]lvPdf ;'wf® jf kl®dfh{gsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl®z ug]{ .
!)= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;f] ;ldlt cfkm}+n] lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!!= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnoM -!_ lhNNff ;dGjo
;ldltsf] ;lrjfno k|flws®0fsf] sfof{no ®x]sf] eP ;f] :yfgdf ® geP lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf ®xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ; lrjfnosf ] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf®L
;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v clwsf®Ln] pknAw u®fpg]5 .
!@= cfrf®;+lxtf kfngf ug'{kg]{ M sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿n]
k|flws®0fn] lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhdsf] cfrf® ;+lxtf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#= clwsf® k|Tofof]hg M k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tn] P]g ® o; lgodfjnL
adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf®x¿ dWo] cfjZostf cg';f® s]xL clwsf® ;lrj,
s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
26
cg';"rL
-lgod * sf] pklgod -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
s®f®gfdf
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] ==========================kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu 5gf}6
ePsf] >L================================-o;l5 klxnf] kIf elgPsf]_ ® ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f -o;kl5 bf]>f] kIf elgPsf]_ sf] tkm{af6 clwsf®k|fKt ;lra
>L==========================================sf aLr b]xfoadf]lhd ug]{, u®fpg] u®L
of] s®f® ul®Psf] 5 M–
!= klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfsf]==================== kbsf] sfo{ ljj®0f cg';f® bf]>f]
kIfn] tf]s]sf] :yfg / cjlw;Dd ;]jf ug{ :jLsf/ ub{5 / ;f] ;]jf afkt klxnf]
kIfnfO{ bf];|f] kIfn] dfl;s ¿kdf b]xfosf ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug{ d~h'® ub{5 .
-!_ dfl;s kfl®>lds ? ========================================
-@_ ;jf®L ;fwg lbg] eP
-s_ dfl;s OGwg================ ln6®
-v_ dfl;s n'la|s]G6==============ln6®
-u_ ;jf®L rfns jf ;jf®L rfns afktsf] Psd'i7 ®sd dfl;s
?===========================
@= klxnf] kIfn] tL; sfo{ lbg sfd u®] kl5 b'O{ lbgsf] ljbf kfpg]5 . o:tf] ljbf
bf]>f] kIfsf] ;xdltdf pkef]u ug{ jf ;l~rt ug{ ;Sg]5 ® ;l~rt labfafkt
h'g;'s} ¿kdf s®f® ;dfKt x'Fbf k|s®0f ! adf]lhdsf] dfl;s kfl®>ldssf
cfwf®df x'g cfpg] ®sd lghn] bf]>f] kIfaf6 kfpg]5 . o:tf] labfsf]
cjlw;d]t sfo{ lbgsf] ¿kdf u0fgf ul®g]5 .
#= bf]>f] kIfn] rfx]df s®f®sf] calw yk ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
27
$= klxnf] kIfn] k|s®0f ! adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ljj®0f cg';f® sfo{ ;Dkfbg gu®]df
jf dgfl;a sf®0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf® tLg lbg sfof{nodf
pkl:yt gePdf bf]>f] kIfn] h'g;'s} avt s®f® cGTo u®L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg
;Sg]5 .
%= bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfnfO{ tL; lbgsf] k"j{ hfgsf®L lbO{ of] s®f® ;dfKt ug{
;Sg]5 .
klxnf] kIf bf]>f] kIf
b:tvt b:tvt
k"®f gfd k"®f gfd
7]ufgf M kb M
Olt ;Dat\ @)&==== ;fn=============dlxgf============= ut] ®f]h============z'ed\
28
:jLs[t ldlt M @)&@÷!@÷)!
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf]
nflu hUuf k|flKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]qdf k'glg{df{0f, PsLs[t a:tL tyf PsLs[t cfjf; ;DaGwL
ljsf; cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ tyf To:tf] If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt JolQm jf
kl®jf®nfO{ k'gaf{; tyf :yfgfGt®0f u®fpFbf cfjZos kg]{ hUuf k|flKt ug]{ sfo{nfO{
;®n, kf®bzL{ tyf k|efjsf®L agfpg af~5gLo ePsfn], e"sDkaf6 k|efljt
;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] lbPsf]
clwsf® k|of]u u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®De M !_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt
;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
@_ of] sfo{ljlw t'?Gt k|f®De x'g]5 .
@= kl®efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf,–
s_ æcfof]hgfÆ eGgfn] k'glg{df{0f, PsLs[t a:tL ljsf;, PsLs[t cfjf; ljsf;
jf e"sDk k|efljt JolQm jf kl®jf®sf] k'gaf{; jf :yfgfGt®0f ;DaGwL of]hgf,
sfo{qmd jf cfof]hgf ;Demg' k5{ .
v_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] k|flwsf®0fsf] sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
29
u_ æhUufÆ eGgfn] s;}sf] xsef]udf ®x]sf] h'g;'s} hUuf tyf To;df :yfoL ¿kn]
®x]sf] kvf{n, 3®, ?v ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ ® ;f] zAbn] To:tf] hUufdf :yfoL
¿kn] h8fg ePsf] h'g;'s} j:t'nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] d'cfAhf
lgwf{®0f ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
#= hUuf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd cfof]hgfsf] nflu
h'g;'s} 7fpFsf] hlt;'s} hUuf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
$= hUufdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] M cfof]hgfsf] nflu s'g} hUuf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{
ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] To:tf] hUuf gfd hfFr ug]{, hUufsf] ef}lts cj:yf a'em\g]
jf k®LIf0f ug]{, hUufdf lsNnf v8f ug]{ jf s'g} k|sf®sf] lg;fgf nufpg] jf hUufdf
cfjZos kg]{ pks®0f h8fg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] hUufdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%= :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug'{ kg]{ M !_ cfof]hgfsf] nflu s'g} hUuf k|fKt ug'{
kg]{ ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] k|fKt ug{' kg]{ hUufsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljj®0fx¿
v'nfO{ :jLs[ltsf] lgldQ sfof{no dfkm{t ;lrj;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
s_ hUufwgLsf] gfd ® 7]ufgf,
v_ hUuf k|flKt ug'{ kgf{sf] sf®0f,
u_ hUuf dfq k|fKt ug]{ xf] jf To;df ®x]sf] 3® kvf{n ;d]t k|fKt ug]{ xf] ;f]
sf] Joxf]®f,
3_ hUuf ®x]sf] lhNnf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu®kflnsf] gfd ® j8f gDa®,
ª_ gfkL eO;s]sf] 7fpFsf] hUuf eP lsQf gDa®,
r_ gfkL eOg;s]sf] hUuf eP hUuf lrgfpg ;xfos x'g] cfjZos ljj®0f ®
hUufsf] rf® lsNnf,
30
5_ hUufsf] If]qkmn,
h_ cGo cfjZos ljj®0f
@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ljj®0f hfFra'em ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] nflu
To:tf] hUuf k|flKt ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df ;lrjn] hUuf k|flKtsf] :jLs[lt lbg]5 .
#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;lrjaf6 hUuf k|flKt ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ePdf cfof]hgf
k|d'vn] ;f] :jLs[ltsf] Joxf]®f ® pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljj®0f v'nfO{
;DalGwt hUufwgLnfO{ To:tf] :jLs[lt pk® lrQ ga'em]df !% lbgleq
sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf ph"®L lbg] Dofb lbO{ ®fli6«o tyf :yfgLo:t®sf] s'g}
b}lgs ;dfrf®kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u®L To:tf] ;"rgfsf] Joxf]®f ;f] hUuf
®x]sf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu®kflnsfsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g] Joj:yf ;d]t
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ePkl5 cfof]hgf k|d'vn] ;DalGwt
hUufsf] ®lhi6«]zg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ To:tf] hUuf s'g} lsl;dn] xs x:tfGt®0f
ug{ gkfpg] u®L ®f]Ssf ug{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] hUuf k|flKtsf] :jLs[lt pk® lrQ ga'em\g]
hUufwgLn] ;f] sf] sf®0f v'nfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq sfo{sf®L
;ldlt;dIf ph"®L lbg ;Sg]5 .
^_ pkbkmf -%_ a d f ] l h d ph"®L k|fKt ePdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] ;f]
;DaGwdf cfjZos 5fgaLg u®L bz lbgleq ph"®Lsf] 6'Ëf] nufO{ ;f] sf]
hfgsf®L ;DalGwt ph"®Lstf{ ® cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ph"®L 5fgaLg ubf{ sfo{sf®L ;ldltaf6 ph"®Lstf{sf]
bfaL gk'Ug] 7x® ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] ;f] hUuf sAhfdf lnO{ cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog ug{, u®fpg ;Sg]5 .
*_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ph"®Lsf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu ;fIfL, ;h{ldg
31
a'em\g jf s;}af6 s'g} lnvt k|df0f bflvn u®fpg k®]df sfo{sf®L ;ldltn]
lhNnf cbfntnfO{ eP ;®xsf] clwsf® k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt ph"®L 5fglag ubf{ hUuf k|fKt ug{ lbOPsf] :jLs[lt
ldn]sf] gb]lvPdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] To:tf] :jLs[lt ab® u®L hUuf ®f]Ssf
km's'jf ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 ® To:tf] lgsfon] klg
oyfzL3| ;f] hUufsf] ®f]Ssf km's'jf ul®lbg' kg]{5 .
!)_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt ph"®Lsf] lg0f{o ug]{ k|s[ofdf ;lrj ;+nUg x'g kfpg]
5}g .
^= g]kfn ;®sf®sf] :jfldTj sfod x'g] M !_ bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhdsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 jf ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd hUuf
sAhfdf lnPkl5 cfof]hgf k|d'vn] ;f] hUufsf] :jfldTj g]kfn ;®sf®sf] gfddf
sfod ug{ ®lhi6«]zg ug]{ lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ®lhi6«]zg ug]{ lgsfon] To:tf] hUufdf
g]kfn ;®sf®sf] :jfldTj sfod u®L cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf®L u®fpg'
kg]{5 .
&= ;fj{hlgs jf ;®sf®L hUuf ;DaGWfdf M !_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|fKt
ul®Psf] hUufsf] rf® lsNnfleq jf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog :yndf ®x]sf
;fj{hlgs hUuf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog jf
cfof]hgfsf] ;'®Iffsf] b[li6n] s'g} ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;fljssf] 7fpF jf ;fj{hlgs
k|of]usf] nflu sfod ®fVg ;Dej gePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfof]hgf If]qleq
pko'Qm 7fpFdf ;f] a®fa®sf] If]qkmn ® d"No ;d]tnfO{ ljrf® u®L ;fj{hlgs
hUuf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 .
32
#= pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs hUuf 5'6\ofpg gldNg] ePdf
k|flws®0fsf] l;kmfl®zdf g]kfn ;®sf®af6 lg0f{o eP adf]lhd cGo s'g}
glhssf] 7fpFdf
;fj{hlgs hUuf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 .
$= o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|fKt ul®Psf] hUufsf] rf® lsNnfleq jf
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog :yndf s'g} ;®sf®L hUuf ePdf k|flws®0fsf]
l;kmfl®zdf g]kfn
;®sf®af6 lg0f{o eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*= d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ug]{ M !_ bkmf %sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd hUuf k|lt
;DaGwdf s;}sf] ph"®L gk®]df jf ph"®L k®] klg ph"®Lstf{sf] bfaL gk'Ug] eO{ ;f]
hUuf sAhf ul®Pkl5 o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd To:tf] hUufsf] d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] d'cfAhf
lgwf{®0f ;ldlt ®xg]5 M
s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®L – cWoIf
v_ dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] k|d'v – ;b:o
u_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tn] tf]s]sf] k|flws®0fsf]
clws[t
– ;b:o
3_ ;DalGwt gu®kflnsfsf] k|d'v jf ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf] cWoIf ® lgh gePdf gu®kflnsfsf]
sfo{sf®L clws[t jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj
– ;b:o
ª_ gfkL sfof{nosf] k|d'v – ;b:o
r_ cfof]hgf k|d'v – ;b:o ;lrj
33
(= ;ldltsf] a}7s ® lg0f{o M !_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;f] ;ldltsf] cWoIfn]
tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do ® :yfgdf cfjZostf cg';f® a:g]5 .
@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:gsf] nflu ;ldltsf] cWoIf ® ;b:o ;lrj ;lxt
slDtdf rf®hgf ;b:ox¿sf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
$_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] ®fo dfGg x'g]5 ® dt a®fa® ePdf
;ldltsf] cWoIfn] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
%_ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® ljifo lj1 Pjd\ ;®f]sf®jfnf
lgsfosf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm}n] lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!)= d'cfAhf lgwf{®0fsf cfwf® M !_ ;ldltn] b]xfosf] cfwf®df d'cfAhf
lgwf{®0f ug'{ kg]{5 M
s_ hUuf ®x]sf] :yfgsf] rng rNtLdf ®x]sf] hUufsf] df]n,
v_ ;DalGwt JolQmn] jf:tljs ¿kdf ef]Ug' k®]sf] xfgL gf]S;fgL,
u_ ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ljB't, ;~rf® h:tf k"jf{wf®sf] ljsf;,
3_ hUuf k|flKt u®]sf] sf®0faf6 ;DalGwt JolQmn] cfˆgf] a;f]af; jf
sf®f]af®sf] 7fpF cGoq ;fg'{ k®] jf gk®]sf],
ª_ cGo ;fGble{s tYo jf ljifo .
@_ ;ldltn] d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ubf{ lnOPsf cfwf®x¿ lg0f{odf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#_ ;ldltn] d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f u®]kl5 ;DalGwt hUufwgLsf] hfgsf®Lsf] nflu
oyfzL3| ®fli6«o ® pknAw eP :yfgLo:t®sf] s'g} b}lgs ;dfrf®kqdf ;d]t
;"rgf k|sfzg u®L To:tf] ;"rgfsf] Joxf]®f ;f] hUuf ®x]sf] ufpF ljsf;
34
;ldlt jf gu®kflnsfsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . o;®L
k|sflzt
;"rgfdf d'cfAhf kfpg] JolQmsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, d'cfAhfsf] b®, d'cfAhf a'em\g]
ldlt tyf :yfg ® d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ;DaGwdf lrQ ga'em]df ph"®L lbg] lgsfo
® cjlw;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!!= ph"®L ug{ ;Sg] M !_ ;ldltn] bkmf !) adf]lhd lgwf{®0f u®]sf] d'cfAhf
®sddf lrQ ga'emfpg] JolQmn] ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg
ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq sf®0f ;lxt sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf ph"®L lbg ;Sg]5 .
@_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ph"®L k|fKt ePdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] ;f] ;DaGwdf
cfjZos 5fgaLg u®L ;ft lbgleq lg0f{o ul®;Sg' kg]{5 .
#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ph"®L 5fglag ubf{ ;ldltaf6 bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf
-!_ ljkl/t d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f u®]sf] kfOPdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] k'gM d'cfAhf
lgwf{®0f ug{ ;ldltdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k'gM d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f ug{ n]vL cfPdf ;ldltn] ;ft
lbgleq d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f u®L ;f] sf] hfgsf®L ;DalGwt hUufwgL ® sfo{sf®L
;ldltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!@= Ifltk"lt{ lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhd hUufdf k|j]z ubf{ jf o;
sfoljlw adf]lhd k|fKt ul®Psf] hUufdf s'g} afnL, gfnL, ?v jf la?jf gf]S;fg
ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] To:tf] gf]S;fg x'g] kIfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] lgwf{®0f ;ldltn] ug]{5 .
!#= Dofbleq Ifltk"lt{ jf d'cfAhf a'lemlng' kg]{ M !_ o; sfo{ljlw
adf]lhd lgwf{®0f ul®Psf] Ifltk"lt{sf] xsdf ;ldltaf6 To:tf] Ifltk"lt{sf] lgwf{®0f
ePsf] ldltn] ® d'cfAhfsf] xsdf bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg
ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt JolQmn] Ifltk"lt{ jf d'cfAhfsf] ®sd
a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
35
@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s'g} JolQmn] Ifltk"lt{ jf d'cfAhfsf] ®sd
a'emL glnPdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] To:tf] ®sd sfof{nodf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfof]hgf k|d'vaf6 ®sd bflvnf ePdf sfof{non]
;f] ®sd a'em\gsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ^ dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ ®fli6«o ®
pknAw ePdf :yfgLo:t®sf] s'g} b}lgs ;dfrf®kqdf ;d]t ;"rgf k|sfzg u®L
To:tf] ;"rgfsf] Joxf]®f ;f] hUuf ®x]sf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu®kflnsfsf]
;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
$= pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq klg ;DalGwt JolQm Ifltk"lt{ jf d'cfAhfsf]
®sd a'lemlng gcfPdf To;kl5 lghn] To:tf] ®sd kfpg] 5}g ® ;f] ®sd
;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ul®g]5 .
!$= hUufwgLsf] d~h'®L ePdf ®Lt k'u]sf] dflgg] M o; sfo{ljlw
adf]lhd k|fKt gul®Psf] s'g} hUuf cfof]hgfsf] sfddf k|of]u ul®;s]sf] ePdf ®
;DalGwt hUufwgLn] To:Tff] hUuf cfof]hgfsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ d~h"®L lbPdf ;f]
hUufsf] d'cfAhf bkmf !) adf]lhd lgwf{®0f ul®g]5 ® To:tf] d'cfAhf ;DalGwt
hUufwgLn] a'emL lnPkl5 ;f] hUuf o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|fKt u®]sf] dflgg]5 .
!%= jftf{åf®f hUuf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] M o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu s'g} hUuf
;DalGwt hUufwgL;Fu jftf{åf®f k|fKt ug{ :jLs[tL lbg ;Sg]5 ® To;®L jftf{åf®f hUuf
k|fKt ubf{ o; sfo{ljlwdf n]lvPsf] cGo ®Lt k'¥ofO{ ®xg' kg]{ 5}g .
!^= hUuf ;§fdf lbg ;lsg] M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd hUuf k|fKt ubf{ s'g}
JolQmsf] ;f] 7fpFsf] ;Dk"0f{ hUuf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ® To:tf] 7fpFdf P]nfgL,
g]kfn ;®sf®sf] :jfldTj ePsf] jf g]kfn ;®sf®n] pknAw u®fpg ;Sg] cGo hUuf
eP;Dd To:tf] JolQmnfO{ d'cfAhf jfkt hUuf g} ;§fdf lbg ;lsg]5 .
!&= afFsL hUuf ;d]t k|fKt ug]{ M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd s'g} hUuf k|fKt ubf{
afFsL ®x]sf] hUufsf] If]qkmn sd eO{ pkef]u ug{ gldNg] ePdf ® ;DalGwt
36
JolQmn] afFsL hUuf ;d]t k|fKt ug{ bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg
ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq cfof]hgf k|d'v;dIf lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] afFsL hUuf
;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!*= Dofb lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|fKt ul®Psf] hUufdf p7fO{
n}hfg ;lsg] s'g} afnL, ?v, la?jf jf dfnj:t' ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] To:tf]
afnL, ?v, lj?jf jf dfnj:t' p7fO{ n}hfg ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ dgfl;a Dofb lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq s'g} JolQmn] ;f] afnL, ?v, la?jf jf
dfnj:t' p7fO{ gnu]df cfof]hgf k|d'vn] To:tf] afnL, ?v la?jf jf dfnj:t'
lnnfd ljqmL ug{ jf cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .
!(= u'7L hUufsf] d'cfAhf M o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg u'7L hUufsf] d'cfAhf lgwf{®0f u'7L ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@)= Ps sfdsf nflu lnPsf] hUuf cGo sfdsf] nflu k|of]u ug{
;lsg] M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|fKt ul®Psf] hUuf h'g sfdsf] nflu k|fKt
ul®Psf] xf] ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos gk®]df jf To:tf] sfddf k|of]u u®]® a9L x'g
cfPdf To;®L cfjZos gk®]sf] jf a9L ePsf] hUuf csf]{ s'g} cfof]hgfsf] lgldQ
pko'Qm x'g] ePdf To:tf] sfddf jf cGo s'g} ;fj{hlgs sfddf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
@!= ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd hUuf k|flKt ubf{ cfof]hgf
k|d'vn] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®L, s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf®L;Fu cfjZos ;xof]u dfu
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xof]u dfu u®]df ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®L,
lgsfo jf kbflwsf®Ln] cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{' kg{]5 .
37
@@= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; sfo{ljlwdf n]lvPsf] s'®fdf o;}
sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ® o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v gePsf ljifox¿sf] xsdf hUuf k|flKt
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
38
/fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&#÷)@÷!&
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] gfddf hUuf btf{
ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf hUuf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL
sf®afxLnfO{ ;®n ® k|efjsf®L agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n], e"sDkaf6 k|efljt
;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ n] lbPsf]
clwsf® Kf|of]u u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®DeM o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf]
gfddf hUuf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw t'?Gt k|f®De x'g]5
@= kl®efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf –
-s_ æsfo{fnoÆ eGgfn] k|flws®0fsf] sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ .
-v_ æhUufÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] 3® jf 3®n] rr]{sf] ®}s®,
:jjf;L, j]lg:;f, latf{ jf u'7L clwg:y hUuf ;Demg'k5{ ® ;f] zAbn]
To:tf] JolQm jf lghsf] kl®jf®sf] k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ;®sf®L jf jg If]qsf] hUuf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-Uf_ ækl®jf®Æ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 3® Ifltu|:t eO{ ;f]xL :yfg jf cGoq
k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0f u®fpg' kg]{ JolQmsf] Psf;uf]nsf klt, kTgL,
39
cfdf, afa', afh], aHo}, ;f;', ;;'®f, 5f]®f, 5f]®L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, gflt,
jf gfltgL ;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf $ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] hUuf btf{ ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{ .
-ª_ æ:yfgLo lgsfoÆ eGgfn] gu®kflnsf jf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ;Demg'k5{
#= hUuf btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt s'g}
JolQmn] k®Dk®fb]lv ef]u rng u®L cfPsf] hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf btf{ ug{ rfx]df
sfof{non] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfo jf ;ldlt;dIf lgj]bg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k'gj{f; jf :yfgfGt®0fsf]
nflu cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfof{non] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq sfof{no jf
;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfo;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-s_ 3® Ifltu|:t eO{ a;f]af; ug{ ldNg] cj:yf gePdf,
-v_ 3® af; ePsf] :yfgdf ef}ule{s sf®0faf6 3® agfpg hf]lvd x'g] ePdf, ®
-u_ cfkm" jf cfkm\gf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf g]kfn ®fHoe® 3® jf hUuf gePdf .
-#_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg :yfgLo lgsfo;dIf lbPsf] eP ;f]
lgsfon] To:tf] lgj]bg :fft lbgleq ;ldlt;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ s;}n] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg :yfgLo lgsfo;dIf lbPsf] eP ;f]
lgsfon] To:tf] lgj]bg ;ft lbgleq sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg sfof{no cfkm}n] hf]lvdo'Qm
a:tL klxrfg u®L To:tf] a:tLsf JolQm jf kl®jf®nfO{ ;'®lIft :yfgdf
:yfgfGt®0f jf k'gjf{; u®fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQm jf kl®jf®sf]
gfddf hUuf btf{ ug{ cfjZos sf®jfxL cl3 a9fpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ s'g} JolQm jf kl®jf®nfO{ jf
40
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd klxrfg ul®Psf] hf]lvdo'Qm a:tLsf JolQm jf lghsf]
kl®jf®nfO{ k'gj{f; jf :yfgfGt®0f u®fpg pko'Qm b]lvPdf sfof{non] ;f]sf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ hUuf klxrfg ug]{, To:tf] hUuf gfk gS;f ug]{ jf u®fpg] ® k'gj{f;
jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu lj:t[t a:tL of]hgf tof® u®L jf ug{ nufO{ hUuf btf{ ug]{
;DaGwdf cfjZos sf®jfxLsf] nflu ;ldltdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd hUuf btf{sf] nflu n]vL cfPdf ;ldltn] ;f] ;DaGwdf
cfjZos hfFra'em u®L e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf] kl®jf®sf] k'gj{f;
jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu To:tf] hUuf btf{ ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPdf ;f] sf] sf®0f;lxt
sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf l;kmfl®z ug'{kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ;ldltaf6 k|fKt l;kmfl®z hfFra'em u®L sfo{sf®L
;ldltn] ;f] hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0fo{ u®]df k|flws®0fn] ;f] sf] hfgsf®L ;ldltnfO{
u®fpg' kg]{5 .
$= ;ldltsf] u7g M e"sDkaf6 k|efljt If]qdf hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL cfjZos
sf®afxL ug{ k|To]s lhNnfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] hUuf btf{ ;ldlt ®xg]5 M–
-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®L – cWoIf
-v_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf®L – ;b:o
-u_ lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t
– ;b:o
-3_ k|d'v, gfkL sfof{no – ;b:o
-ª_ k|d'v, dfnkf]t sfof{no – ;b:o
%= ;ldltsf] a}7s ® lg0f{o M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;ldltsf] cWoIfn]
tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do ® :yfgdf cfjZostf cg';f® a:g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:gsf] nflu ;ldltsf] cWoIf ® ;b:o– ;lrj ;lxt slDtdf
tLg ;b:ox¿sf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
41
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] ®fo dfGo x'g]5 ® dt a®fa® ePdf ;ldltsf]
cWoIfn] lg0f{os dt lbg]5 .
-$_ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® ljifo lj1 Pjd\ ;®f]sf®jfnf lgsfosf]
k|ltlglwnfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
^= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/M
-s_ hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL sf®afxL ubf{ bkmf # adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg ® sfuhftsf
cltl®Qm k'®s lgj]bg jf yk sfuh k|df0f cfjZos kg]{ ePdf ;DalGwt
JolQmjf6 k]z ug{ nufpg],
-v_ cfjZostf cg';f® hUufsf] lkmN8a's, gS;f, lt®f], nutsf] k|df0f
;DalGwt JolQmaf6 k]z ug{ nufpg],
-u_ lgj]bssf] xsef]u ®x] g®x]sf] ;DaGwdf ;fFw, ;lwFof® tyf :yfgLo
lgsfosf] k|ltlglwsf] ®f]xj®df :ynut ;h{ldg ug]{, u®fpg],
-3_ hUufsf] xsbfaL ;DaGwdf ph"®L ug{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] xsdf
®fli6«o:t®sf] b}lgs ;dfrf®kq ® cGoqsf] xsdf :yfgLo ;dfrf®kqdf
kGw| lbgsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd ph"®L k®]df ;f]sf] 5fgaLg Pjd\ k|df0fsf] d"Nofª\sg
u®L kGw| lbgleq lg0f{o ug]{,
-r_ ;DalGwt hUufsf] df]7 dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 le8fpg],
-5_ hUuf jf nut ®f]Ssf eP gePsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no;Fu a'em\g],
-h_ k|fKt sfuh k|df0f ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 le8fpg],
-em_ hUufdf lghsf] xs ef]u eP gePsf] olsg ug]{ .
42
&= ®}s® hUUff btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] ®}s® hUuf btf{ ug'{ cl3
To:tf] hUufsf] lkmN8 a'sdf hf]tfxf pNn]v eP lgh hf]tfxf a'emL hUufwgL
olsg u®]® dfq hUuf btf{sf] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u®]kl5 ;f] hUufsf] gfk
hfFr ePsf] jif{b]lv rfn" cfly{s jif{ -dfnkf]t ldgfxf ePsf] ePsf] eP
;f] jif{sf] afx]s_ ;Ddsf] dfNfkf]t ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;"n ug{ ;DalGwt
:yfgLo lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
*= latf{ hUuf btf{;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] latf{ hUuf btf{ ug'{ cl3
b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"®f u®]®dfq hUuf btf{sf] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{5 M–
-s_ æsÆ >]0fLsf] latf{ hUuf eP k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] k|df0f;d]t bflvnf
ug{ nufpg],
-v_ ævÆ >]0fLsf] latf{ hUuf eP ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 latf{ -kf]tf_ nut, s't
sa'lnot, hf]tfxf c:yfoL lg:;f dfu ug]{,
-u_ lkmN8a'saf6 b]lvPsf hUufwgL a'emL latf{ xf], xf]Og Plsg ug]{ .
-@_ bkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] hf]tfxfsf] gfddf æsÆ >]0fLsf] latf{ hUuf btf{
ug]{ lg0fo{ u®]kl5 ;f] hUufsf] ;Djt\ @)!^ ;fnb]lv rfn" cfly{s jif{;Ddsf]
dfnkf]t ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;'n ug{ :yfgLo lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] hf]tfxfsf] gfddf ævÆ >]0fLsf] latf{ hUuf btf{
ug]{ lg0f{o u®]kl5 ;f] hUufdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ®li6]«zg k|of]hgsf] nflu
sfod ePsf] Go"gtd d"Nofª\sgsf] bz k|tLztn] x'g] ®sd tyf rfn" cfly{s
jif{sf] nflu tflsPsf] dfnkf]tsf] ;ft bf]Aa®n] x'g] ®sd ;DalGwt JolQmaf6
c;'n ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
43
(= :jjf;L hUuf btf{;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] :jjf;L hUUff btf{ ug{'
cl3 To:tf] hUufsf] lkmN8 a'sdf hUuf;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ®fVg] 3®af®L, 38]®L,
s®];faf®L, ®5\ofgaf®L, 3®uf]7, d6fg, s6]®f], tj]nf h:tf la®x ® gfkL gS;fdf ;f]xL
adf]lhdsf] ;ª\s]t ®x] g®x]sf] a'emL hUuf btf{sf] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0{fo u®]kl5 To:tf] hUufsf] gfk
hfFr ePsf] jif{b]lv rfn" cfly{s jif{ -dfnkf]t ldgfxf ePsf] eP ;f] jif{sf]
afx]s_ ;Ddsf] dfnkf]t ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;'n ug{ :yfgLo lgsfodf
n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!)= j]lg:;f hUufsf] btf{;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] j]lg:;f hUuf
btf{ ug{' cl3 To:tf] hUuf gfkL xF'bf hUufsf] lkmN8 a'sdf JolQmsf] gfd ®
la®xdf cfjfbL cy{ cfpg] Joxf]®f eP gePsf] Plsg u®]® dfq hUuf btf{sf] lg0{fo
ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0f{o eP kl5 ;ldltn] j]lg:;fdf btf{
ePsf] hUufsf] gfk hFfr ePsf] jif{b]lv rfn" cfly{s jif{ -dfnkf]t ldgfxf
ePsf] eP ;f] jif{sf] afx]s_ ;Ddsf] dfnkf]t ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;'n ug{
:yfgLo lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!!= u'7L clwg:y hUufsf] btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;ldltn] u'7L
clwg:y hUuf btf{ ug'{ cl3 To:tf] hUuf gfkL x'Fbf hUufsf] lkmN8 a'sdf
h]ftfxf ® u'7Lsf] gfd pNn]v eP u'7L clwg:y hgfO{ hf]tfxf sfod u®L hUuf btf{
ug]{ lg0{fo ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0{fo ePkl5 ;ldltn] hUuf gfk hFfr
ePsf] jif{ b]lvsf] s"t ;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;'n ug{ u'7L sfof{no jf u'7L
sfof{no gePsf] O{nfsfdf u'7L sfof{nosf] sfd ug]{ dfnkf]t sfo{nodf
n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
44
!@= ;®sf®L tyf jg If]qsf] hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ o;
sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf
lghsf] kl®jf®nfO{ k'gj{f; jf :yfgfGt®0f ug{sf] nflu ;®sf®L hUuf cfjZos
kg]{ eO{ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl®z k|fKt ePdf sfo{sf®L
;ldltn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos hfFra'em ubf{ hUuf btf{ ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df hUuf btf{
ug]{ lg0f{o u®L ;f]sf] hfgsf®L ;ldltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg e"sDkaf6 k|efljt
JolQm jf lghsf] kl®jf®nfO{ k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0f ug{sf] nflu jg If]qsf]
hUuf cfjZos kg]{ ePdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf ®xL
hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL lg0f{o u®L ;f]sf] hfgsf®L ;ldltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!#= hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL k'®fgf] lgj]bgs]f 6'Ëf] nufpg ;Sg] M of]
sfo{ljlw k|f®De x'g' cl3 e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf gfddf ®}s®, latf{, :jjf;L,
j]lg:;f jf u'7L clwg:y hUuf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf dfnkf]t sfof{no jf g]kfn
;®sf®n] k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd u7g u®]sf] ;ldlt jf cGo lgsfo;dIf s'g} lgj]bg
ljrf®fwLg ®x]sf] eP ;ldltn] To:tf] lgj]bg dfu u®L o; sfo{ljlw jdf]lhdsf]
k|lqmof cjnDjg u®L lgj]bgsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg ;Sg]5 .
!$= s'g} z'Ns jf ®sd gnfUg] M o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f
n]lvPsf] ePtf klg e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf] kl®jf®nfO{ k'gj{f; jf
:yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu hUuf btf{ ubf{ s'g} z'Ns jf ®sd nfUg] 5}g .
!%= hUufsf] btf{ tyf xbaGbL M -!_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf]
kl®jf®sf] gfddf hUuf btf{ ubf{ Ifltu|:t 3/jf; ePsf] lsQf dfq btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] k'gj{f; jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu
a9Ldf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] xbaGbL sfod u®L hUuf btf{ ul®g]5 .
45
-s_ sf7df8f}+ dxfgu®kflnsf, nlntk'® pkdxfgu®kflnsf, eQmk'®
gu®kflnsf ® dWok'® lydL gu®kflnsfleq !@&=!^ ju{ ld6®,
-v_ v08 -s_ afx]ssf gu®kflnsf ® lhNnf ;b®d'sfd ®x]sf ufpF ljsf;
;ldltdf !()=&$ ju{ ld6®,
-Uf_ cGo If]qleq #!&=() ju{ ld6® .
!^= lg0f{o ul®;Sg' kg]{ M ;ldltn] bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ jf bkmf
!# jdf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL lg0f{o
ul®;Sg' kg]{5 .
!&= hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{ lbg] M -!_ ;ldlt jf sfo{sf®L ;ldltaf6 o;
sfo{ljlw adf]lhd hUuf btf{ ug]{ lg0{fo ePkl5 ;f] lg0{fo sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
oyfzL3| ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfo{fnodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf dfnkf]t sfof{non] ;f] hUufsf] lsQfsf6
ug{'kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t ug{ nufO{ lkmN8 a's ® nutdf hgfO{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{ pknJw u®fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ dfnkf]t sfof{non] k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0f ePsf JolQmnfO{ pknAw u®fpg]
hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{df bkmf !* df plNnlvt cjlwleq To:tf] hUuf
laqmL ug{ jf xs x:tfGt®0f ug{ gkfpg] Joxf]®f ;d]t pNNf]v ug{' kg{]5 .
!*= laqmL jf xs x:tfGt®0f ug{ gkfpg] M e"sDk k|efljt s'g} JolQm jf
kl®jf®n] k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0f xF'bf kfPsf] hUuf !) jif{;Dd laqmL ug{ jf cGo
s'g} lsl;dn] xs x:tfGt®0f ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!(= k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd x'g] M o; sfo{ljlwdf n]lvPsf] s'®fdf o;}
sfo{ljlw jdf]lhd ® o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v gePsf ljifox¿sf] xsdf hUuf btf{
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
46
cg';"rL
-bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf
;Djt\ @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk jf tTkZrftsf] k®sDkaf6 3® Ifltu|:t
eO{ a;f]af; ug{ ldNg] cj:yf gePsf], 3®af; ePsf] :yfgdf e}fule{s sf®0faf6
3® agfpg hf]lvd x'g] ePsf] ® cfkm" jf cfkm\gf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf g]kfn ®fHoe® 3®
jf hUuf gePsf]n] k'gjf{; jf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu b]xfosf] sfuhft ;ª\nUg u®L
lgj]bg u®]sf] 5' .
lgj]bg;fy ;ª\nUg sfuhft
-s_ g]kfnL gful®stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf :yfoL a;f]af; u®]sf] eGg] Joxf]®f v'Ng] :yfgLo
lgsfosf] l;kmfl®z,
-u_ e]fu rng, lt®f]e®f] u®]sf] sfuh k|df0f eP ;f] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk,
lgj]bsf]
k"®f gfd M
b:tvt M
;xL5fk M k"®f
7]ufgf M
afa'sf] gfd
afh]sf] gfd M
;Dks{ kmf]g÷df]afOn÷Od]n M
gful®stf g+=÷dtbftf kl®ro kq g+= M
ldlt M
47
/fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&#÷)@÷!&
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] k'gjf{; tyf
:yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw
u®fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] k'gjf{; tyf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jg
If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg] sfo{nfO{ ;®n, kf®bzL{ ® k|efjsf®L agfpg jf~5gLo
ePsfn], e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf–
$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ n] lbPsf] clwsf® k|of]u u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] b]xfosf]
sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®De M -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æe"sDkaf6 k|efljt
JolQmsf] k'gj{f; tyf :yfgfGt®0fsf] nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg] ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw, @)&@Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw t'?Gt k|f®De x'g]5 .
@= kl®efiff M ljifo jf k|;ª\un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf,
-s_ æcfof]hgfÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQmsf] k'gjf{; tyf :yfgfGt®0f
;DaGwL cfof]hgf ;Demg'k5{ .
-v_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] k|flws®0fsf] sfof{no ;Demg'k5{ .
48
-Uf_ æJolQmÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 3® Ifltu|:t eO{ cGoq k'gjf{; tyf :yfgfGt®0f
u®fpg' kg]{ JolQm ;Demg' k5{ ® ;f] zAbn] lghsf] Psf;uf]nsf klt, kTgL,
cfdf, afa', afh], aHo} ;f;', ;;'®f, 5f]®f, 5f]®L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, gflt jf
gfltgLnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-3_ æjgÆ eGgfn] k"0f{ jf c+flzs¿kdf ?vx¿n] 9flsPsf] If]q ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf % adf]lhdsf] jg If]qsf] hUuf l;kmfl®z ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
#= ;DefJotf cWoog ug'{ kg]{ M cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu ;Dej eP;Dd jg If]qsf] hUuf k|of]u gx'g] u®L cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog
ug{' u®fpg' kg]{5 .
$= jg If]qsf] hUuf dfu ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf # df h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cGo pko'Qm ljsNk geO{ jg If]qsf] hUUff
g} cfjZos kg]{ ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog u®L jf
u®fO{ ;f] hUufsf] gS;f ;ª\nUg u®L jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg] ;DaGwdf
cfjZos sf®afxLsf] nflu b]xfosf] ljj®0f sfof{no;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ jg If]q ®x]sf] lhNnf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf j8f gDa®,
-v_ cfof]hgfsf] k|of]hg tyf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ hUufsf]
If]qkmn,
-u_ jgsf] lsl;d,
-3_ jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpFbf kg]{ jftfj®0fLo tyf h}ljs k|efj,
-ª_ jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpFbf ;f] a®fa®sf] hUuf ;§f egf{ x'g ;Sg]
jf g;Sg] ® ;Sg] eP hUuf pknAw x'g] lhNnf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu®kflnsfsf] gfd ® j8f gDa®,
49
-r_ ?v lj?jfsf] s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL tyf 3f6u2L ;DaGwL of]hgf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ljj®0f hfFra'em ubf{ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
dfu adf]lhdsf] jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg dgfl;j b]lvPdf sfof{no
k|d'vn] cfjZos sf®afxLsf] nflu oyfzL3| ;ldlt;dIf n]vL k7fO{ To;sf]
hfgsf®L k|flws®0fnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
%= ;ldlt M cfof]hgfsf] nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg] ;DaGwdf sfo{sf®L
;ldlt;dIf l;kmfl®z ug{ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] lhNnfdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] Ps
jg If]qsf] hUuf l;kmfl®z ;ldlt ®xg]5 M–
-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®L– cWoIf
-v_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf®L– ;b:o
-u_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tn] tf]s]sf] k|flws®0fsf] Ps hgf clws[t sd{rf®L–
;b:o
-3_ k|d'v sfo{sf®L clws[tn] tf]s]sf] gu®kflnsfsf] k|d'v jf ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf] cWoIf ® lgh gePdf gu®kflnsfsf] sfo{sf®L clws[t jf ufpF
ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj– ;b:o
-ª_ lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;f] sfof{nosf] clws[t
sd{rf®L– ;b:o–;lrj
^= ;ldltsf] a}7s ® lg0f{o M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;ldltsf] cWoIfn]
tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do ® :yfgdf cfjZostf cg';f® a:g]5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s a:gsf] nflu ;ldltsf] cWoIf ® ;b:o– ;lrj ;lxt slDtdf
tLg ;b:ox¿sf] pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
50
-$_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] ®fo dfGo x'g]5 ® dt a®fa® ePdf ;ldltsf]
cWoIfn] lg0f{fos dt lbg]5 .
-%_ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® ljifo lj1 Pjd\ ;®f]sf®jfnf lgsfosf]
k|ltlglwnfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-^_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm}+n] lgwf{®0f u®] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
&= hUuf l;kmfl®z ug{ ;Sg] M bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] If]qsf]
hUuf pknAw u®fpg sfof{noaf6 n]vL cfPdf ;ldltn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos
hfFra'em ug]{5 ® To;®L hfFra'em ubf{ jg If]qsf] hUuf cfof]hgfnfO{ pknAw u®fpg
dgfl;j b]v]df ;f]sf] sf®0f v'nfO{ kGw| lbgleq sfo{sf®L ;ldlt;dIf l;kmfl®z ug'{
kg]{5 .
*= pknAw u®fpg g;lsg] jg If]qsf] hUuf M o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfof]hgfsf] nflu b]xfosf] jg If]qsf] hUuf
pknAw u®fpg ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ ®fli6«o lgs'~h If]q,
-v_ cf®If If]q,
-u_ ;+®If0f If]q,
-3_ ;+®lIft jg If]q,
-ª_ ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf k®]sf] If]q,
(= pknAw u®fpg ;lsg] jg If]qsf] hUuf M cfof]hgfsf] nflu bkmf
* df plNnlvt jg If]q ® rf®}lt® jgn] 3]l®Psf] jg If]q afx]s b]xfosf] jg
If]qsf] hUuf dfq pknAw u®fpg ;lsg]5 M–
51
-s_ x}l;ot lau|]sf] jg If]q,
-v_ cltqmd0f u®L vfnL u®fOPsf] jg If]q,
-u_ cltqmd0f hf]lvd ®x]sf] jg If]q .
!)= :jLs[lt lbg] M bkmf & adf]lhd cfof]hgfsf] nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw
u®fpg ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl®z k|fKt ePdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos
hfFra'em ug]{5 ® To;®L hfFra''em ubf{ jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAWf u®fpg pko'Qm b]v]df
;ft lbgleq :jLs[lt lbO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf®L ;ldlt, sfo{fno ® cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{
u®fpg' kg]{5 .
!!= hUuf ;§fegf{ ug'{kg]{ M sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] bkmf !) adf]lhd cfof]hgfsf]
nflu jg If]qsf] hUuf pknAw u®fpg] :jLs[lt lbFbf ;f] If]qkmn a®fa®sf] hUuf
cfof]hgfaf6 jg ljsf;sf] nflu ;§fegf{ lbg] u®L :jLs[lt ePdf cfof]hgfn]
To:tf] hUuf ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u®fpg' kg]{5 .
!@= s6fg, d'5fg, 3f6u2L tyf x:tfGt®0f ug]{ M bkmf !) adf]lhd
cfof]hgfsf] nflu :jLs[lt lbOPsf] jg If]qsf] hUufaf6 ?v, lj?jf tyf sf7
x6fpg' kg]{ ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfof]hgfsf] ah]6af6 ?v, lj?jf tyf sf7
s6fg, d'5fg, 9'jfgL tyf 3f6u2L u®L ;d"xåf®f Joj:yfkg ePsf] jg eP ;DalGwt
;d"xnfO{ ® ;®sf®åf®f Jojl:yt jg eP lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt®0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
!#= j[If®f]k0f tyf :ofxf® ;Def® ug'{kg]{M -!_ bkmf !! adf]lhd
;§f egf{ jfkt pknAw u®fOPsf] hUufdf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfn] bz
;]lG6ld6®eGbf a9L Jof; ePsf ?vx¿sf] !M!) cg'kftdf j[If®f]k0f u®L kfrF
jif{;Dd :ofxf® ;Def® ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
52
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{ nfUg] ®sd ;DalGwt lhNnf jg sfo{nosf]
dfusf cfwf®df cfof]hgfn] pknAw u®fpg]5 .
!$= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M
o; sfo{ljlwdf n]lvPsf] s'®fdf o;} sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ® o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v
gePsf ljifox¿sf] xsdf jg ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
53
:jLs[t ldlt M @)&#÷(÷@$
k|yd ;+zf]wg M @)&$÷!÷!(
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f
cg'bfg ljt®0f sfo{ljlw -klxnf]
;+zf]wg_,@)&#
;Djt\ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk ® tTkZrftsf k®sDkx¿af6
Ifltu|:t lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|jnLs®0fsf nflu k|bfg ul®g] cg'bfgnfO{ ;®n
Pj+ Jojl:yt agfpg ® k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|jnLs®0fsf dfkb08 tyf k|s[of lgwf{®0f ug{]
;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfn ;®sf®n] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf® ® k|f®DeM -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æe"sDkaf6
k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f sfo{ljlw, @)&#æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;®sf®, dlGqkl®ifb\åf®f tf]lsP adf]lhdsf e"sDk k|efljt
lhNnfx¿df nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ of] sfo{ljlw t'?Gt k|f®De x'g]5 .
®fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgfåf®f uf]®vf, wflbË, g'jfsf]6, ®;'jf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, ®fd]5fk,
cf]vn9'+uf, sfe|]knf~rf]s, l;Gw'nL, dsjfgk'®, sf7df8f}+, nlntk'®, eQmk'®, ndh'ª, tgx"F,
sf:sL, :ofª\hf, kj{t, jfUn'Ë, ;f]n'v'Da', vf]6fª, ef]hk'®, kfNkf, u'NdL, lrtjg, gjnk®f;L,
;+v'jf;ef, DofUbL, c3f{vfFrL, wgs'6f;d]tsf #! lhNnfx? tf]lsPsf .
54
@= kl®efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf,–
s_ æcfof]hgfæ ;~rfng sfo{ljlwæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf;
k'glg{df{0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu tof® ePsf] sfo{ljlw ;Demg'k5{ .
v_ æcfjf; OsfO{æ eGgfn] :jLs[t dfkb08, gSzf Pj+ l8hfO{g cg';f®sf] k|ljlw
cjnDag u®L lgdf{0f ul®Psf cfjf;Lo 3® ;Demg' k5{ .
u_ æs]Gb|Lo cfof]hgfæ sfof{Gjog OsfO{æ eGgfn] k|flws/0f jf k'glg{df{0f tyf
k'g{:yfkgf sfo{sf] nflu ;Da4 dGqfno cGt{ut sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{
:yfkgf ePsf s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] ;+:yf
jf lgsfo jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
3_ ælhNnf cfof]hgfæ sfof{Gjog OsfO{æ eGgfn] k|flws/0f jf k'glg{df{0f tyf
k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ nflu ;Da4 dGqfno cGt{ut
lhNnfl:yt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ jf k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] ;+:yf jf
lgsfo jf kbflwsf/LnfO{
;Demg' k5{ .
ª_ æk|flws®0fæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
P]g,@)&@ cg';f® ul7t æ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fæeGg] ;Demg'k5{ .
r_ æk|jnLs®0fæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfx¿df ePsf] Ifltsf] u|]8 @
sf] k|fljlws ;dfwfg -d]h® l®k]o®_ ® Ifltsf] u|]8 # sf] k|fljlws ;dfwfg
-dfOg® l®k]o®_ ug{' kg{] egL k|fljlwsåf®f Plsg ePsf] dd{t ;+ef® ;DaGwL
sfdnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ ® ;f] zAbn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt cfjf; k'glg{df{0f nut
;+sng sfo{qmdsf] nut ;+sng k|ZgfjnLdf pNn]v ePsf] u|]8 ® k|fljlws
;dfwfg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
5_ ænfeu|fxLæ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf JolQm jf kl®jf® ;Demg' k5{ .
h_ æljefuæ eGgfn] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g{:yfkgf sfo{sf] nflu k|flws®0fåf®f
tf]lsPsf ;Da4 dGqfnosf ;DalGwt ljefux¿ ;Demg' k5{ .
55
em_ æ:yfgLo txæ eGgfn] ufpF kflnsf, gu®kflnsf ® lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{
;Demg' k5{ .
`_ æxsjfnfæ eGgfn] k}t[s ;DklQdf c+z xs kfpg] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
#= nfeu|fxLsf] klxrfgM !_ nfeu|fxLsf] klxrfg b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M
s_ s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefuaf6 ;Djt\ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ sf] ljgfzsf®L
e"sDk ® To;kl5sf k®sDkx¿af6 Ifltu|:t ePsf lghL cfjf;
k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|jnLs®0fsf nflu ul®Psf] nut ;+sng sfo{qmd cGt{ut
;+slnt tYofÍ ® cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf] ljZn]if0f, k'glg{df{0f tyf
k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&# ®
hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw,
@)&# adf]lhd olsg eO{ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] lg0f{o u®]sf] Ifltu|:t
lghL 3®sf 3®wgL,
v_ e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf] 3® afx]s ;f]xL :yfg jf cGoq a;f]jf; of]Uo
csf{] 3® gePsf] JolQm jf kl®jf® .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nfeu|fxL;Fu gful®stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
hUufwgL btf{ k|df0f k"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk jf cg';"rL ! a'Fbf gDa® !@ adf]lhdsf]
;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ® s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefuaf6 e"sDk k|efljt cfjf; k'glg{df{0f
nut ;+sng sfo{qmd cGt{ut tYofÍ ;+sngsf] qmddf lbOPsf] lg:;f sfuh
x'g' kg{]5 .
$= e"sDk k|lt/f]wL k|ljlwsf] k|of]uM -!_ k|flws®0fn] ;Da4 ljefu
nufotsf lgsfox¿;Fusf] ;dGjo ® k|fljlws ;xof]udf /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf
;d]tsf] cfwf/df e"sDk k|lt®f]wL k|ljlw tof® kf®L :jLs[t ug{]5 . s'g} lgsfo
jf ;+:yfn] k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|jnLs®0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu e"sDk k|lt®f]wL
cfjf;sf] l8hfOg jf lgdf{0f ubf{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
-@_ k'glg{df{0f ug{ cg'bfg kfpg] nfeu|fxLn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t k|ljlw
ckgfO{ lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{' kg{]5 .
56
-#_ nfeu|fxLn] lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ubf{ k|rlnt ejg ;+lxtfsf] k|of]u ® kfngf
ug{' kg{]5
-$_ k|flws®0fn] e"sDk k|lt®f]wL lghL cfjf;x¿sf] k|fljlws dfkb08 th{'df
ug{sf nflu k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] clwsf®Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;+3Lo dfldnf
tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, ;x®L ljsf; dGqfno tyf ;x®L ljsf; tyf
ejg lgdf{0f ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, OlGhlgol®Ë cWoog ;+:yfgsf
;DalGwt ljifosf lj1 k|ltlglw tyf k|flws/0fn] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo
lj1x¿ ;lxtsf] Ps æe"sDk k|lt®f]wL lghL cfjf; cg'bfg dfkb08 lgwf{®0f
;ldltæ u7g ug{]5 .
-%_ ;Dj4 cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{n] nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ k|flws®0fåf®f :jLs[t
e"sDk k|lt®f]wL k|ljlw ;lxtsf Go"gtd dfkb08 pknAw u®fpg] 5 . nfeu|fxLn]
rfx]df gd"gf cfjf;sf] gS;f /f]Hg jf e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds k|ljlwcg';f/ cGo
l8hfO{gx¿sf] 3® agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ nfeu|fxLn] 3® lgdf{0f jf k|jnLs/0f ubf{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf e"sDk k|lt®f]wL
k|ljlw cg'z®0f ug{] u/L / k|flws/0fn] tf]s]adf]lhd u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ u/L
;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]5 .
-&_ klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .
-*_ k|flws/0f jf k|flws/0faf6 tf]lsPsf ;+:yf, lgsfo jf k|flws/0fn]
k|flws/0faf6 tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lg®LIf0f tyf k|df0fLs®0f ug{]5 . ;f] adf]lhd
sfo{ eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf k|flws®0fn] cfjZostf cg';f® cg'udg ug{]5 .
%= cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ® ljQLo k|aGwM ……-!_ zt{ ;lxtsf] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
kqsf] cfwf®df k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] lgsfo jf :yfgLo txaf6 k|lqmof k"®f ePkl5
nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg'bfg ®sd ljt®0f ul®g]5 .ÚÚ
-s_ k|flws®0fn] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno ;Da4
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{dfkm{t\ ;Da4 lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog
OsfO{nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f® cg'bfgsf] ®sd lgsfzf ug{]5 .
57
-v_ ;Da4 lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{n] nfeu|fxLx¿sf] ;"rL
;DalGwt a}Fs tyf :yfgLo txnfO{{ pknAw u®fpg]5 . ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txn] ;"rLs[t nfeu|fxL;Fu cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ug{]5 . ;f]xL cfwf®df
;DalGwt a}Fsn] ;DalGwt nfeu|fxLsf] vftfdf ®sd pknAw u®fpg]5 .
-u_ ……nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u®fpFbf cg';"rL–! sf] ljZn]if0f
;d]taf6 cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg{] nfeu|fxLdf k®]sf 3®wgLsf] xsdf
k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof cg';f® nfeu|fxL klxrfg u®L k|flws®0fn]
tf]s]adf]lhd ;Demf}tf u®L klxnf] ls:tf jfkt krf; xhf® ¿k}Fof,
bf]>f] ls:tf jfkt Ps nfv krf; xhf® ¿k}Fof ® clGtd ls:tf jfkt
zf}rfno jf j}slNks phf{ ;d]t Ps nfv ;lxt hDdf tLg nfv ¿k}Fof
cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg] 5 . cg';"rL–! sf] ljZn]if0faf6 k|jnLs®0f
ju{df kg{] nfeu|fxL 3®wgLsf xsdf k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof cg';f®
k|flws®0fn] tf]s]adf]lhd ;Demf}tf u®L k|jnLs®0fsf nflu klxnf]
ls:tf jfkt krf; xhf® ¿k}of ® clGtd ls:tf jfkt krf; xhf®
¿k}Fof cg'bfg pknAw u®fO{g]5 .Æ
-3_ s'g} nfeu|fxLn] tLg nfv ¿k}Fof cg'bfg ®sdeGbf a9L nfutsf] lghL
cfjf; k'glg{df0f{ u®]df jf Psnfv ¿k}ofeGbf a9L ®sd vr{ u®L lghL
cfjf; k|jnLs®0f u®]df lghn] kfPsf] cg'bfg ®sdeGbf hlt a9L ®sd
vr{ u®]klg To;®L a9L vr{ u®]sf] ®sd nfeu|fxL :jo+n] Aoxf]g{' kg{]5 .
-ª_ lghL cfjf; k'g{lgdf{0f Pj+ k|jnLs®0fsf nflu pknAw u®fOPsf] cg'bfg
®sdeGbf a9L ®sd vr{ u®L lghL cfjf; k'g{lgdf{0f k|jnLs®0f jf dd{t
;+ef® ug{ rfxg] nfeu|fxLn] lgdf{0ffwLg 3® lwtf] ®fvL ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf
g]kfn ;®sf®n] lg0f{o u®] cg';f®sf] lgAof{hL shf{ ®sd g]kfn ®fi6«
a}Fsn] th{'df u®]sf] sfo{ljlwsf cfwf®df a}Fsdfkm{t k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g .
-r_ v08 -ª_ cg';f® shf{ lng grfxg] e"sDkkLl8t kl®jf®n] a}Fs tyf ljlQo
;+:yfaf6 C0f lng rfx]df g]kfn ®fi6« a}Ín] th{'df u®]sf] sfo{ljlwsf
cfwf®df g]kfn ;®sf®n] lg0f{o u®] cg';f®sf] ®sd ;x'lnot Aofh b®df
e"sDkkLl8t ljz]if cfjf; shf{ :j¿k k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
58
-5_ nfeu|fxLn] lgdf{0ffwLg 3® lwtf]df ®fvL g]kfn ®fi6« a}Fsdfkm{t k|fKt x'g]
;fd"lxs hdfgLsf] lgAof{hL shf{ Pj+ ;x'lnot b®sf] ljz]if cfjf;
shf{ k|fKt ubf{ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ ® -#_ adf]lhd lghL cfjf;
k'glg{df{0f u®]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{' kg{]5 .
-h_ nfeu|fxLn] ;®sf®af6 pknAw x'g] ;xfotfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ®sd lghL cfjf;
lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df dfq vr{ ug{' kg{]5 .
æ-em_ ;Demf}tfkq tyf vr{ ljj®0f ;DaGwL clen]v ;DalGwt
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{x¿n] ®fVg' kg{]5 ® ;f]sf] clen]v
;DalGwt :yfgLo tx, ;Da4 s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ tyf
k|flws®0fdf cfjlws ¿kdf k7fpg' kg{]5 .Æ
-`_ klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf] .
æ-@_ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;fem]bf® ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf lghL cfjf; k'g{lgdf{0f Pj+
k|jnLs®0f ug{ cg'bfg kfPsf] nfeu|fxLnfO{ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd cfjf;
cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg] 5}g . t® lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{sf] nflu
k|flws®0faf6 klxnf] ls:tf cg'bfg lbPsf nfeu|fxLnfO{ s'g} ;fem]bf® ;+:yfn]
k|flws®0fsf] cg'dltdf lglZrt dfkb08 ® k|s[of k"®f u®L afFsL ls:tf lbO{ lghL
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f jf k|jnLs®0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o;®L cg'bfg kfPsf
nfeu|fxLx¿n] pkbkmf ! sf] v08 -ª_ jf -r_ adf]lhdsf] shf{ lng o;
pkbkmfn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . t® lghL cfjf; ejg g} k|fKt u®]sf
nfeu|fxLn] of] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ 5}gg\ .Æ
-#_ s'g} nfeu|fxLsf] PseGbf a9L cfjf; ejg Iflt ePsf] ®x]5 eg] To:tf
nfeu|fxLn] o; sfo{ljlwsf] clwgdf ®xL Pp6f dfq cfjf;sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{
cg'bfg kfpg]5 . k|jnLs®0f ug{' kg{] lghL cfjf;sf] xsdf Pp6f dfq lghL
cfjf; k|jnLs®0f ug{ cg'bfg lbO{g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;®sf®n] ;~rfng u®]sf] s'g} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu hUuf
clwu|x0f ug{ sf®afxL rnfPsf] :yfg jf k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] If]q e"sDk
k|efljt If]qdf kg{] ®x]5 eg] To:tf] If]qsf nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg';"rL–! df Joj:yf
eP cg';f® c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg]5 .
59
^= lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pknAw u®fpg ;xof]u ug{]M æ-!_ lghL cfjf;sf nflu
cfjZos kg{] h:tfkftf, l;d]G6, x's, sAhf, sf7 h:tf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿
:yfgLo ahf®df oy]i6 dfqfdf pknAw u®fpg, u'0f:t® sfod ug{ u®fpg tyf ;f]sf]
lgodg ug{ u®fpg ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf®Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf lgsfox¿, ;Da4 lhNnf txsf sfof{Gjog OsfO{x¿, :yfgLo
txsf lgsfox¿, lhNnf jg sfof{no, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3sf]
k|ltlglwTj ®xg] u®L lgdf{0f ;fdu|L cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg tyf ;xhLs®0f ;ldlt u7g
ul®g]5 . pQm ;ldltn] a}7s ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ to ug{]5 .Æ
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx¿sf] u'0f:t® ® cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg
;DaGwdf ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnon]
cfjZos cg'udg ug{]5 .
&= klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf] .
*= ;Lk ljsf; Pj+ bIftf clej[l4 ;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfngM
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cfjZos kg{] hgzlQm pTkfbgsf nflu ;Lk ljsf;
Pj+ bIftf clej[l4 ;DaGwL ljljw tflndx¿ lhNnf tyf :yfgLo :t®df ;~rfng
ul®g] 5g\ .
(= lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhdsf] sfd sf®jfxLsf ;Gbe{df
k|flws®0fn] s]lGb|o cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{x¿nfO{ lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf]
lgb{]zg kfngf ug{' ;DalGWft ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!)= sf®jfxL x'g]M o; sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt x'g] unt dg;fon] em'¶f ljj®0f
k]z u®]df jf o:tf] Joxf]®f l;kmfl®z u®]sf] kfOPdf lgh;Fu lghL cfjf; cg'bfg
;Demf}tf eO;s]sf] ®x]5 eg] To:tf] ;Demf}tf ®2 u®L To:tf JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd sf®jfxL ul®g]5 .
60
!!= :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 ul®g] ;xfotf ;DaGwL
Joj:yfM -!_ s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf jf JolQmn] nfeu|fxLnfO{ lghL
cfjf; ejg k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|anLs®0fsf nflu cg'bfg ljt®0f ubf{ o;} sfo{ljlw
adf]lhd ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf jf JolQmn] lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ jf a:tL
ljsf; ug{ jf To:tf] sfdsf] nflu cGo k|fljlws ;xof]u ubf{ k|flws®0fsf]
:jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
-#_ of] sfo{ljlw k|f®De x'g' cl3 s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL ;+3 ;+:yf jf JolQmn] lghL
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ b'O{ nfv ¿k}of cg'bfg lbg] u®L k|flws®0f;Fu lqkIfLo
;Demf}tf u®L nfeu|fxLnfO{ ;f] ®sd lbO;s]sf] ® o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd tLg
nfv ¿k}Fof pknAw u®fpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf To:tf nfeu|fxLnfO{ gk'u x'g
cfpg] ®sd o;} sfo{ljlw adf]lhd cg'bfg :j¿k pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
-$_ klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf] .
!@= s_ kmf®dsf] gd"gf ® 9fFrf tf]Sg]M æo; sfo{ljlwnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{
cfjZos k|s[of, k'i6\ofO{, kmf®fdsf] gd"gf tyf 9fFrfx¿ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] to
ug{ ;Sg]5 .æ
!#= vf®]hL ® arfpM -!_ e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f
cg'bfg ljt®0f ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&@ vf®]h ul®Psf] 5 .
-@_ e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw, @)&@ adf]lhd eP u®]sf sfd sf®jfxL o;} sfo{ljlw adf]lhd eP
u®]sf] dflgg]5 .
61
cg';"rL– !
bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|anLs®0f cg'bfgsf
nflu nfeu|fxL 5gf}6 dfkb08
;Dat\ @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk tyf To;kl5sf k®sDkx¿af6
Ifltu|:t lghL cfjf; ejgx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f Pj+ k|anLs®0fsf nlfu cg'bfg k|fKt
ug{] nfeu|fxLx¿sf] klxrfg b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 .
æ-!_ k|flws®0faf6 ;+rflnt e"sDk k|efljt cfjf; k'glg{df{0f nut ;+sng sfo{qmd
cGtu{t ;+sng ul®Psf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ Ifltsf] :t® -u|]8_ tLg -d]h®
l®k]o®_, rf® jf kfFrdf ;"rLs[t x'g'sf] ;fy} k|fljlws ;dfwfg -d]h® l®k]o® jf
k'glg{df{0f_ ug'{ kg]{ ju{sf 3®wgLx¿ ® k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&# ® hf]lvdo'Qm a:tL :yfgGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhd k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|s[of cg';f® tLg
nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg]5 . To:t} u®L pQm sfo{qmd cGt{ut
;+sng ul®Psf] tYofÍdf Ifltsf] :t® -u|]8_ @ -;fy} k|fljlws ;dfwfg–d]h®
l®k]o® ug'{kg]{ ePsf]_ ® Ifltsf] :t® -u|]8_ # -;fy} k|fljlws ;dfwfg dfOg®
l®k]o® ug'{kg]{ ju{sf_ 3®wgLx¿nfO{ k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|s[of cg';f® Ps
nfv ¿k}ofF cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg]5 .
hf]lvdo'Qm a:tLaf6 cGoq ;fg{'kg{] egL ls6fg ePsf 3®wgLx¿ dWo] s'g}
3®wgLn] cfkm\gf] OR5f cg';f® ;f]xL lhNnf jf ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf] k|efljt
lhNnfsf] ;'®lIft :yfgdf a;f]af; ug{ rfx]df pQm 7fpFdf 3® lgdf{0f ug{
rfFlxg] hUuf Joj:yf ug{sf] nflu cg'bfg :j¿k k|flws®0fn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf]
k|lqmof k"®f u®L b'O{ nfv ¿k}Fof Psd'i7 pknAw u®fO{g]5 .Æ
-@_ aF'bf gDa® ! df ;dfj]z ePsf 3®wgLx¿dWo] lgDg cj:yfdf lgDgfg';f®
cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
62
-s_ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} ;DalGwt lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{nodf
c+za08f kf; u®]sf 3® kl®jf®nfO{ 5'§} 3® kl®jf®df u0fgf u®L cg'bfg
®sd pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
-v_ Psf3® kl®jf®sf] ;b:osf] gfddf 3® hUuf ePsf], t® 3® hUufsf]
:jfldTj ePsf] kl®jf®sf] ;b:o ljb]zdf ePsf] cj:yfdf 3® agfpgsf
nflu Psf3® kl®jf®sf] gftf k|dfl0ft ePsf xsjfnf JolQmnfO{
tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
-u_ s'g} 7fpFdf hUuf gfkL g} gePsf], t® a:tL a;]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf a:tLsf
3®x¿nfO{ cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fpg] ;DaGwdf To:tf] a;f]af; ePsf]
hUuf JolQmut eP gfkL u®L u®fO{ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] gfddf lgodfg';f®
hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt u®]kl5 jf ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl®z
® ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf®df tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cg'bfg ®sd pknAw
u®fOg]5 .
æ-3_ e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t cfjf; ePs} lhNnf jf ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf] e"sDkaf6
k|efljt lhNnfsf] cGo ;xh x'g] pko'Qm :yfgdf cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{]
ePdf plNnlvt cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fO{g]5 .Æ
-ª_ hUufwgLsf] d[To' eO{ xsjfnfx¿df gfd;f®L x'g afFsL ePsf] cj:yfdf
d[tssf] xsjfnfn] d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf ;a}
xsjfnfx¿sf] ;+o'Qm jf lghx¿sf] d~h'®Ldf xsjfnfdWo] Ps hgfsf]
gfddf dfq cg'bfg pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
æ-r_ k|flws®0faf6 ;+sng ul®Psf] tYofÍdf ;dfj]z ePsf t® cg'bfg
;Demf}tf x'g' cufj} 3®wgL :jo+n] 3® lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f®De ul®;s]sf
3®wgL nfeu|fxLsf] xsdf lgld{t jf lgdf{0ffwLg 3® k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf]
;+:yf, lgsfo jf k|fljlwsx¿n] r]shfFr ubf{ e"sDk k|lt®f]wL ePdf
tf]lsPadf]lhd clen]v ®fvL cg'bfg pknAw u®fpg ;lsg]5 .Æ
-#_ a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] 8'afg If]qdf kg{] nfeu|fxLx¿sf xsdf
b]xfo cg';f® lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg]5 M
63
-s_ a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] 8'afg If]qeGbf aflx® ;f]xL lhNnfdf
hUuf eO{ :yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{] e"sDkkLl8tsf] xsdf hUuf d'cfAhf
jfktsf] Ifltk"lt{ glnPsf] eP bf]xf]®f] gkg{] u®L o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd
8'jfg If]q ®x]sf] :yfgLo txdf nfeu|fxLsf] x}l;otdf ;Demf}tf u®L lghL
cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{] ufpFkflnsf jf gu®kflnsfaf6 cg'bfg ®sd lbOg]5 .
-v_ a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] 8'afg If]qeGbf aflx® cGo lhNnfdf
hUuf eO{ :yfoL 3® agfpg] e"sDkkLl8tx¿dWo] hUuf d'cfAhf jfktsf]
Ifltk"lt{ glnPsf] eP bf]xf]®f] gkg{] u®L e"sDk k|efljt #! lhNnfleq
:yfoL 3® agfpg]x¿sf] xsdf nfeu|fxLsf] x}l;otdf lghn] 3® agfpg
rfx]sf] lhNnfdf ®x]sf] hUufsf] :jfldTj olsg u®L 8'afg If]q ®x]sf]
:yflgo txn] ;Demf}tf u®L cfjf; cg'bfg lbOg] 5 . ;fy} nfeu|fxLn]
3® agfpg rfx]sf] lhNnfsf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ® lhNnf:t®Lo
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ ® s]Gb|Lo:t® cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{n]
cGo e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ h:t} oyfjt ;]jf k|bfg ug{' kg{]5 .
-u_ a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] 8'afg If]qleqsf e"sDk k|efljt
nfeu|fxL dWo] hUuf d'cfAhf jfktsf] Ifltk"lt{ glnPsf] eP bf]xf]®f]
gkg{] u®L dfly v08 -s_ ® -v_ df pNn]v eP afx]ssf cGo
lhNnfdf :yfoL 3® agfpg] nfeu|fxLnfO{ 8'afg If]q ®x]sf] :yfgLo txdf
nfeu|fxLsf] x}l;otdf ;Demf}tf u®L cfjf; cg'bfg lbg] ® nfeu|fxLn]
3® agfpg rfx]sf] e"sDk k|efljt #! lhNnfsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no ® ejg l8lehg sfof{nox¿n] cf–cfˆgf]
sfo{If]q;Fu ;DalGwt e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{' kg{]5 .
-3_ 8'afg If]qleq e"sDkkLl8tn] agfpg] c:yfoL cfjf;sf] gd"gf zx®L
ljsf; dGqfnosf] s]Gb|Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{af6 :jLs[t eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ c:yfoL cfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu b]xfosf cfwf®df cg'bfg pknAw u®fOg]5 M
-s_ c:yfoL cfjf; dd{t ;+ef® ug{ lbOg] cg'bfg tLg ls:tfdf e'QmfgL
x'g]5 .
64
-v_ klxnf] ls:tf ?= %),))). nfeu|fxL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePkl5 lghsf] gfddf
®x]sf] a}Fs vftfdfkm{t e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .
-u_ bf]>f] ls:tf ?= *),))). husf] sfd ;sL hdLgsf] ;tx;Ddsf] lgdf{0f
ePkl5 lghsf] gfddf ®x]sf] a+}s vftfdfkm{t e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .
-3_ t]>f] ls:tf ?= &),))). 3®sf] 5fgf 5fPkl5 lghsf] gfddf ®x]sf] aF}s
vftfdfkm{t e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .
-ª_ ;Demf}tf cufj} lgdf{0f ;DkGg e};s]sf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt k|fljlwsaf6
r]shfFr ubf{ dfkb08 leq ®x]sf] l;kmfl®z ePdf Psd'i6 b'O{ nfv
pknAw u®fpg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ :yfoL cfjf; dd{t jf k|jnLs®0f cg'bfg b]xfosf cfwf®df lbOg]5 M
æ-s_ k|flws®0faf6 ul®Psf] ;e{]If0fsf] cfwf®df cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf ! df
ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f® lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{sf nflu tLg nfv
¿k}of cg'bfg k|fKt ug{] u®L ;Demf}tf u®]sf t® k'glg{df{0f x'g] qmddf 3®
eTsfpg' gkg{] eO{ e"sDk k|lt®f]wL k|ljlw k|of]u u®L k|anLs®0f u®]sf]
cj:yfdf pQm 3®wgL nfeu|fxLnfO{ k|anLs®0fsf] ju{df ®fvL ;f]xL
cg'¿k cg'bfg ;Demf}tf kl®dfh{g u®L k|anLs®0f sfo{ ;DkGg u®]sf]
cj:yfdf k|fljlws hfFrsf] cfwf®df k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof cg'¿k
bf]>f] tyf clGtd ls:tf :j¿k krf; xhf® dfq pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
t®, s'g} nfeu|fxLn] pQm ®sdaf6 k|anLs®0f gu®]df jf ;Da4
k|fljlwsaf6 lg®LIf0fsf] qmddf e"sDk k|lt®f]wL k|ljlw cg'¿k k|anLs®0f
gb]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf®jfxL x'g]5 .Æ
-v_ k|jnLs®0f ug{ of]Uo 3®x¿ e"sDk k|lt®f]wL tj®af6 k|jnLs®0f eO;s]sf]
ePdf lg®LIf0f ug{] OlGhlgo®sf] l;kmfl®zdf Psd'i6 Ps nfv ¿k}Fof
pknAw u®fO{g]5 .
æ-u_ Ifltsf] :t® -u|]8_ ! eO{ k|fljlws ;dfwfg h'g;'s} ePsf] ® Ifltsf] :t®
-u|]8_ @ sf] k|fljlws ;dfwfg–dfOg® l®k]o® ug{'kg{] egL olsg ePsf 3®sf
3®wgLx¿n] o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd k|anLs®0f ug{ cg'bfg kfpg] 5}gg\ .Æ
65
-^_ ædfly aF'bf g+= -%_ sf] v08 -s_ ® -v_ df plNnlvt k|fjwfg cg';f®
lghL cfjf; k|anLs®0f ug{sf nflu Ps nfv ¿k}Fof cg'bfg k|fKt ug{] u®L
;Demf}tf u®]sf t®, k|jnLs®0fsf qmddf pQm 3® elTsPdf jf eTsfpg' kg{]
cj:yf eO{ k'glg{df{0f ug'{kg]{ egL OlGhlgo®af6 k|dfl0ft ePdf pQm 3®wgL
nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf] ju{df ®fvL ;f]xL cg'¿k cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf
kl®dfh{g u®L k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof cg'¿k ls:tfsf cfwf®df tLg
nfv ¿k}Fof cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw u®fOg]5 .Æ
-&_ Iflt ePsf] 3®df PseGbf a9L 3®wgLsf] :jfldTj ®x]sf] eO{ ;uf]ndf ®x]sf]
cj:yfdf ;f]xL :yfg jf cGoq Iflt gePsf] csf]{ cfjf;Lo 3® ePdf cg'bfg
lbOg] 5}g t® lghx¿sf] ;Dat @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} c+zj08f
eO;s]sf] jf kl®jf® 5'l§leGg eO{ 3® elTsPsf] ® nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf gfd
;dfj]z ePsfx¿sf] xsdf cGoq jf ;f]xL :yfgdf Iflt gePsf] a;f]jf;of]Uo
3® ®x]sf 3®wgL afx]s cGo nfeu|fxL 3®wgLx¿n] k'g{lgdf{0f jfktsf] tLg
nfv cg'bfg kfpg] 5g . t® k|jnLs®0fsf] cg'bfgsf nflu eg] Pp6f 3®df
hlt;'s} 3®wgLsf] :jfldTj ePklg Pshgf dfq nfeu|fxL x'g]5g\ .
æ-*_ @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nodf c+zj08f
sfuh kfl®t u®]sf 3® kl®jf®nfO{ 5'§} 3® kl®jf®df u0fgf u®L cg'bfg ®sd
pknAw u®fOg]5 . t® c+zj08f sfuh c•faf6 kfl®t gu®]sf] ePtfklg
@)&@ a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} dfgf]5'l§O{ 5'§} 3® agfO{ a;]sf] ®x]5 ® s]Gb|Lo
tYofÍ ljefuåf®f e"sDk k|efljt nut ;+sng sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+sng
ul®Psf] tYof+sdf k®]sf] ® 5'l§leGg eO{ cnu cnu 3® agfO{ a;f]jf; u®]sf]
cj:yfdf :yfgLo ufpFkflnsf÷g=kf= sf k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf®Lsf]
®f]xj®df x'g] ;h{ldgsf] cfwf®df k'li6 ePdf To:tf] e"sDk k|efljt 3®wgLnfO{
;d]t 5'§} 3® kl®jf®df u0fgf u®L cg'bfg pknAw u®fpg] .Æ
-(_ ;j{]If0f 5'6 eO{ k'gM;j{]If0f ubf{ sfod ePdf afx]s ;j{]If0fdf 3®wgL egL
pNn]v ePsf JolQm afx]s cGo JolQm nfeu|fxL x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
66
æ-!)_ o; sfo{ljlwdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'®f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fj{hlgs hUuf,
jg If]q ® ;®sf®L hUuf cltqmd0f u®L agfO{Psf 3® Iflt eO{ nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf
k®]sf nfeu|fxLsf] xsdf Psf;uf]nsf 3® kl®jf®sf] g]kfne® cGoq hUuf
gePsf] cj:yfdf 38]®L vl®b ug{ k|flws®0fn] tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof k"®f u®L
cg'bfg :j¿k b'O{ nfv ¿k}Fof pknAw u®fO{g]5 . t® To:tf] nfeu|fxLn] xfn
pkef]u ul®®x]sf] :yfg k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .Æ
-!!_ hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgfGt®0f ug{'kg{] egL olsg ePsf 3®wgLnfO{ j:tL
:yfgfGt®0f ug{ k|fKt ul®Psf] hUufdf 3® agfpg o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd
cg'bfg lbO{g] 5 .
-!@_ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ;®sf®L ® jg If]qsf] hUuf jfx]s ljleGg lsl;dsf
u'7L, ljtf{ ® u'7L clwg:y hUuf, df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf, :jjf;L, j]lg:;f, ufpF
Ans, sf]bfnL, cfFs8f, lj6f}®L, pv8f ;d]tsf hUufdf eO{ 3® Iflt ePsf
nfeu|fxLsf xsdf lgh a;f]af;L;Fu 3®af; ePsf] hUufsf] ef]u;DaGwL s'g}
lg:;f, ®l;b jf k"hL{ eP ;f] lg:;f ®l;b jf k"hL{sf] cfwf®df :yfgLo txn]
ul®lbPsf] l;kmfl®z ® To:tf] lg:;f ®l;b jf k"hL{ gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL
Joxf]®fsf] l;kmfl®z Pj+ Ifltu|:t 3®jf; ePsf] hUufsf] slDtdf b'O{ hgf
;+lwof®x¿n] 3®jf; ePsf], ef]u rng u®]sf] xf] egL ul®lbPsf] ;h{ldg
d'r'Nsfsf cfwf®df To:tf 3®wgL nfeu|fxL;Fu 3® lgdf{0f cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
ug{ ;lsg]5 . t® o:tf] ;Demf}tfnfO{ hUuf btf{sf] k|df0fsf] ¿kdf lnOg] 5}g
. e"sDk k|efljt #! lhNnfdf xfn} u7g ePsf go f F gu®kflnsfx¿df
e"sDk k|efljt nfeu|fxLn] lgdf{0f ug]{ lghL cfjf;sf] xsdf 3®x¿sf]
nDafO{, rf}8fO{, prfO{, ;fO6 Knfg, ;8ssf] clwsf® If]qleq -Right of
way_ af6 b"®L nufot ljj®0fx¿ k]z u®L 3® lgdf{0f :jLs[ltsf nflu
lbOPsf] lgj]bg g=kf=n] clen]vLs®0f u®L lgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[lt lbg]5 . o;
;DalGwt cGo Joj:yf cg';"rL –^ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
67
cg';"rL–@ klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf]
cg';"rL–# klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf]
cg';"rL–$ klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf]
cg';"rL–% klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lemlsPsf]
68
cg';"rL – ^
cg';"rL –! sf] a'Fbf g+= !@ ;Fu ;DalGwt
cg'bfg ;Demf}tfsf bf}®fgdf cfPsf ljleGg k|s[ltsf u'gf;fx¿sf] ljZn]if0f u®L
cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf ®x]sf ljleGg c:ki6tfx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f® ug{] .
nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf gfd ePsf] ® cfkm}F cfpg ;Sg] tyf 3® agfpg] hUuf klg cfkm\g}
gfddf ePsf] JolQmn] g]kfnL gful®stfsf] k|df0fkq, hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ -nfnk"hf{_
® ;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f lnP® cfPsf] cj:yfdf cg'bfg ;Demf}tf x'g ;Sg]5 .
cGo cj:yfdf lgDgadf]lhd x'g]5 .
qm=;+= c:ki6tfsf] k|s[lt ;dfwfgsf] pkfo k]z ug{'kg{]
sfuhftx¿
!= Nffeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
gfd ePsf], hUuf
cfkm\gf] gfddf
gePsf] t® cfkm\gf]
Psf3® kl®jf®sf]
cGo ;b:osf] gfddf
ePsf]
o:tf] cj:yfdf hUufsf]
nfnk"hf{ h;sf] gfddf
5 p;n] nfeu|fxLnfO{ 3®
agfpg] :jLs[lt lbPsf]
sfuh k]z u®]sf] xsdf ®
cGo cfjZos sfuhkqx¿
gful®stfsf] k|df0fkq,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f ® ;DalGwt
nfnk"hf{ k]z u®]df cg'bfg
;Demf}tf t'?Gt} x'g ;Sg]5 .
hUuf k|of]u ug{]
:jLs[lt lbPsf]
sfuh, g]kfnL
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f,
hUufwgL k"hf{
-nfnk"hf{_, hUuf
k|of]u ug{ :jLs[lt
lbg] kmf®fd
cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z
®x]sf] 5 .
69
@= Nffeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
gfd ePsf], 3®df
ePsf] t® cfkm}F cfpg
g;Sg], hUufwgL k"hf{
-nfnk"hf{_ cfkm\g}
gfddf ePsf]
o:tf] cj:yfdf Psf3®
kl®jf®sf] ;b:onfO{ k|ltlglw
tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
k|ltlglw tf]s]sf]
kmf®fd, b'j}hgfsf]
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
nfnk"hf{,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f
® :yfgLo txsf]
l;kmfl®z ®
d'r'Nsf .
#= Nffeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
gfd ePsf] t® oxfF
geP® jflx® ePsf]
® >Ldfg jf >LdtL
;Demf}tfsf] nflu
cfPsf]
k|ltlglw tf]s]sf] kmf®fddf
b'j}hgfn] ;xL u®]sf] x'g'kg{],
o;sf cltl®Qm b'j}hgfsf]
gful®stfsf] k|df0fkq ®
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f k]z u®]sf]
cj:yfdf k|ltlglwn] cg'bfg
;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf® ug{
;lsg]5 .
k|ltlglw tf]s]sf]
kmf®fd, b'j}hgfsf]
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
nfnk"hf{ ®
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f .
$= Nffeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
gfd ePsf] t®
ef]urng ub{} cfPsf]
hUufsf] nfnk"hf{
gePsf]
o:tf] cj:yfdf lhNnf
gfkL sfof{noaf6 gfkL u®fO{
nfnk"hf{ lnP® cfPkl5
cg'bfg ;Demf}tf x'g ;Sg]5 .
o;sf] nflu hUuf k|flKt
® hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL j]Un}
sfo{ljlw adf]lhd x'g]5 .
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f ®
nfnk"hf{,
70
%= cfkm\gf] gfd klxnf]
3®wgLsf] ¿kdf
ePsf], Pp6f 5f]®f jf
5f]®fx¿sf] gfd bf]>f],
t]>f] 3®wgLsf] ¿kdf
ePsf], c+zj08f k|i6
gePsf]
o:tf] cj:yfdf klxnf]
nfeu|fxLsf] ¿kdf gfd
btf{ ®x]sf] JolQmn] cg'bfg
;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg] . bf]>f],
t]>f] 3®wgLsf] ¿kdf gfd
®x]sf] JolQmsf] s]xL bfjL
lj®f]w ePdf u'gf;f]df hfg
;Sg] ® j}zfv !@ eGbf
klxnf g} c+zj08f ePsf]
xsdf sfuhkq k|df0f k"®f
u®]sf] xsdf j]Un} cg'bfg
;Demf}tf x'g ;Sg] cGoyf
Pp6} dfq cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
x'g ;Sg] .
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f
® c+zj08f ePsf]
sfuh .
^= Nffeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
gfd ePsf] t® u'7Lsf]
¿kdf btf{ ePsf]
hUuf :jk|of]hgsf]
nflu k|of]u ug{
rfx]sf]
;DalGwt nfeu|fxLsf]
gfddf hUuf btf{ 5 eg] ;a}
sfuhft k]z u®]sf] v08df
tTsfn cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
x'g ;Sg] . u'7Ls} ¿kdf
dfq hUuf btf{ ®x]sf]
cj:yfdf u'7L ;+:yfgsf]
l;kmfl®zsf]
jf :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl®z ®
d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf®df x'g] .
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f,
nfnk"hf{ ®
:yfgLo txsf]
l;kmfl®z ®
d'r'Nsf .
71
&= b'O{j6f hf]l8Psf]
3®sf] 5fgf Pp6} eGg]
h:tf] b]vL b'O{j6f
3®nfO{ nfeu|fxLsf]
;"rLdf klxnf] ® bf]>f]
3®wgLsf] ¿kdf
®flvPsf]
To:tf] cj:yfdf klxnf]
3®wgLsf] ¿kdf cfPsf]
nfeu|fxLn] cfjZos
sfuhkq k]z u®L cg'bfg
;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg] . bf]>f]
3®wgLn] ;d]t 3®hUufsf]
:jfldTj ®x]sf] a]Un} sfuhft
k]z u®]sf] v08df cg'bfg
;Demf}tf x'g ;Sg] . u'gf;f]df
btf{ u®fO{ cfjZos sfuhft
® k|df0fkq k"/f ePkl5
cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg] .
gful®stf,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f ®
nfnk"hf{ .
*= >Ldfg÷>LdtLsf]
xsdf >Ldfgn]
>LdtLsf] jf >LdtLn]
>Ldfgsf] k|ltlglw
a:g'kg{] cj:yf
>Ldfgn] >LdtLnfO{ jf
>LdtLn] >LdfgnfO{ k|ltlglw
tf]sL k|ltlglw tf]s]sf]
kmf®fddf x:tfIf® ePsf]
cj:yfdf cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
x'g ;Sg] .
k|ltlglw tf]s]sf]
kmf®fd, b'j}hgfsf]
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq,
nfnk"hf{ ®
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f .
(= Pp6} 3®df PseGbf
a9L JolQmsf]
:jfldTj ®x]sf]
b'j}hgf;Fu cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
x'g]5 jf Psn] csf{]nfO{
k|ltlglw tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
gful®stf,
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f ®
nfnk"hf{ .
72
!)= 3®Iflt eP® 9Nof] t®
kl5 3® agfpFbf ToxL
7fpFdf agfpg' k5{ jf
kb}{g
o:tf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf]
hUufdf 3® agfpg kfOG5 .
glhssf] csf{] lsQfdf
klg 3® agfpg kfOG5, ToxL
lsQfdf klg hUuf vfnL
5 eg] 3® agfpg kfOG5 ®
l5d]sL ufpFkflnsfdf klg
3® agfpg kfOG5 . To:t}
;DalGwt lhNnfleq cfkm\–
gf] gfddf ®x]sf] cGo s'g} klg
hUufdf 3® agfpg kfOG5 .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f .
!!= ufpFAnssf] g} hUuf
btf{ gePsf] jf
hUufsf] nfnk"hf{
gePsf] v08df
o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{, e"sDk k|efljt
;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu
hUuf k|flKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
hf®L ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{ljlw
cg';f® hUuf btf{sf] k|lqmof
cufl8 a9fO{ btf{ eO{
nfnk"hf{ hf®L ePkl5 jf
:yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl®z ®
d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf®df dfq
cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf®
x'g ;Sg] .
klxnf hUuf btf{
ug{ lbPsf] lgj]bg
eP ;f] sf] lg:;f .
73
!@= afa''sf] gfd cyjf
bfh'sf] gfd klxnf]
nfeu|fxLsf] ¿kdf
® 5f]®fsf] cyjf
efO{sf] gfd bf]>f]
nfeu|fxLsf] ¿kdf
ePsf] t® c+zj08f
eO{ j]Unfj]Un} a;]sf]
cfjZos sfuhft
ePsf] cj:yf .
o:tf] cj:yfdf klxnf]
nfeu|fxLn] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf
ug{ ;Sg] . bf]>f] nfeu|fxLn]
u'gf;f]df btf{ u®fO{ j}zfv !@
ut] eGbf cufl8 g} c+zj08f
e};s]sf] xf] eg] c+zj08fsf]
sfuhft k]z u®]® k|dfl0ft
ePdf k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg{] 3®sf]
xsdf b'j}hgfn] cg'bfg
kfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f
® c+zj08f ePsf]
sfuh .
!#= e"sDk cl3 sfuhft
ePsf], nfeu|fxLsf]
;"rLdf klg gfd
ePsf] t® e"sDksf]
sf®0fn] jf cGo s'g}
sf®0fn] gful®stf
cyjf nfnk"hf{
x®fPsf] cyjf g:6
ePsf] cj:yf
;DalGwt sfof{noaf6
k|ltlnlk sfuhftx¿ k|fKt
u®L cg'bfg ;Demf}tf kqdf
x:tfIf® ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f .
!$= 3® ePsf] :yfgdf
klx®f] uO{ jf cGo
ef}uf]lns, ef}ule{s
sf®0fn] hUuf k|of]u
ug{ gldNg] ePsf],
:yfgfGt®0f ug{'kg{]
ePsf] v08df
o:tf] cj:yfdf :yfgfGt®0f
ug{ tyf hUuf k|fKt ug{
æe"sDk k|efljt ;+®rgfsf]
k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu hUuf
k|flKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwÆ
cg';f® ug{ ;lsG5 ®
xfnnfO{ u'gf;f]sf] ¿kdf btf{
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f .
74
!%= ;j{]If0fsf] lg:;f
ePsf] t® nfeu|fxLsf]
;"rLdf gfd gcfPsf]
o:tf] cj:yfdf 3® wgLn]
u'gf;f]sf] ¿kdf btf{ ug{
;S5g\ t® ;j{]If0fsf] lj:t[t
ljj®0f x]®]® ;f] lglZrt
u®]kl5 nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf
kg{ ;Sg] xf] cyjf kg{ g;Sg]
xf] lgSof}{n u®]kl5 ;f]xL
cg';f® hfgsf®L x'g]5 .
u'gf;f] btf{ ub{}df nfeu|fxLsf]
;"rLdf kg{}k5{ eGg] x'Fb}g .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f .
!^= e"sDkn] Ifltu|:t
ePsf] 3® cfkm\g}
gfddf ePsf] t®
;j]{If0fd} gfd 5'6]sf]
To:tf] cj:yfdf u'gf;f]df
btf{ u®fpg ;lsG5 ® To;sf]
nflu kl5 ufpF ;®hldgaf6
3® ;j{]If0f ug{ 5'6]sf] xf]
eGg] k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPsf]
v08df yk ;Daf]wgsf nflu
dflyNnf] lgsfodf k]z x'g] ®
;j{]If0f x'g ;Sg] .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stfsf]
k|df0fkq ®
;®hldg
d'r'Nsf .
!&= ;j{]If0f lg:;f ®
nfeu|fxL gfdfjnLdf
gfd, y® km®s ePsf]
® kl®jf® ;+Vofdf
km®s k®]sf]
;j]{If0fdf ePsf] q'6Ln] o:tf]
ePsf] x'g;Sb5 . gftf k|df0f
jf gful®stfaf6 ;xL gfd
v'n]sf] cj:yfdf cg'bfg
;Demf}tf x'g ;Sg]5 .
nfnk"hf{,
gful®stf ®
;j]{If0fsf] lg:;f,
gftf k|df0f jf gfd
y® v'Ng] cGo
sfuhkq .
75
cg'bfg ;Demf}tfsf] nflu k|ltlglw tf]Sg] kmf®fd
kmf®fd !M
nfeu|fxL cfkm} ;Demf}tfsf] nflu pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] v08df cflwsfl®s k|ltlglw
tf]Sg] kmf®fdsf] gd"gf
hf] h;;Fu ;DalGwt 5
ldltM===================
d ================ lhNnf ================== ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf j8f g+=
========== ufpF÷6f]n ============ lgjf;L >L ================================= sf]
gflt÷gfltgL÷a'xf®L >L ===================== sf] 5f]®f÷5f]®L÷>LdtL jif{ =========
sf] >L÷>Ldfg\÷>LdtL÷;'>L ====================================== sf] e"sDk
k|efljt nfeu|fxL ================== lhNnf ============== ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf
j8f g+= ================ufpF÷6f]n ===================================== lgjf;L >L
=================================== ;Fu gftf ;DaGw sfod ®x]sf] 5 .
e"sDk k|efljt nfeu|fxL >L÷>Ldfg÷>LdtL÷;'>L ===========================
;j]{If0f lg:;f g+= ============== n] pxfFsf] tkm{af6 dnfO{ o; cfjf; k'glg{df{0f Pj+
k|jnLs®0f jf dd{t ;+ef® sfo{qmd cGt{ut nfeu|fxL;Fusf] ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf®
ug{ clVtof®L lbPsf] s'®f cg'®f]w ub{5' . pQm gftf k|df0fkq tyf clVtof®L dfly
;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfn] cfjZos hfFra'em u®L k|dfl0ft u®]sfn]
nfeu|fxL;Fusf] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf® ul®kfpFm egL of] lgj]bg k]z ub{5' .
dfly plNnlvt ljj®0f 7Ls 5g\ em'Ýf 7xl®P sfg"gadf]lhd ;hfo ef]Ug tof® 5' .
clVtof®jfnf lgj]bssf] x:tfIf®M clVtof®L lbg] nfeu|fxLsf] x:tfIf®M
76
gfdM ==================== gfdM =======================================
7]ufgfM ======================== 7]ufgfM =====================================
gf=k|=k=g+= ========================== ;j{]If0f lg:;f g+= ===================
k|dfl0ft ug{] ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf clwsf®Lsf]
x:tfIf®M ===================
gfdM ==========================
kbM =============================
;+nUg x'g'kg{] sfuhftM
!_ gful®stfsf] k|df0fkq
@_ gftf k|dfl0ft ul®Psf] ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu®kflnsfsf] kq
77
kmf®fd @M
nfeu|fxL eGbf km®s JolQmsf] gfddf hUuf ePsf] cj:yfdf cfjf; agfpg
:jLs[lt lbg] kmf®fdsf] gd"gf
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu
hUuf k|of]u ug{ :jLs[lt lbg] ;DaGwdf
-hUufwgLn] eg{] kmf®fd_
btf{ g+M= ========================== ldltM ==============================
hf] h;;Fu ;DalGwt 5
================== lhNnf ======================= ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf j8f
g+= ====================== lgjf;L >L =================================== sf]
gflt÷gfltgL÷a'xf®L >L ============================= sf] 5f]®f÷5f]®L÷>LdtL
jif{ ============= sf] e"sDk k|efljt nfeu|fxL÷nfeu|fxLsf] k|ltlglw
>L÷>Ldfg\÷>LdtL÷;'>L ============================ n] d]®f] gfddf ®x]sf]
===================== lhNnf ============================= uflj;÷gu®kflnsf j8f
g+= ===================== df ®x]sf] lsQf g+= =================== sf] hUufdf xfn lghL
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ cg'dlt lbg cg'®f]w u®]sfn] d}n] cfkm\gf] ®fhLv';Ln] lghnfO{
;f] sfo{sf nflu :jLs[lt lbPsf] Joxf]®f ;fb® cg'®f]w 5 .
hUufwgLsf] x:tfIf®M ========================= nfeu|fxL jf cflwsfl®s k|ltlglwsf]
hUufwgLsf] gfdM x:tfIf®M ===================
gfdM ==========================
7]ufgfM ============================
78
;j{]If0f lg:;f g+= ==================
k|dfl0ft ug{] clwsf®Lsf] x:tfIf®M =======================
k|dfl0ft ug{] clwsf®Lsf] gfdM =========================
k|dfl0ft ug{] clwsf®Lsf] kbM ========================
79
l:js[t ldlt @)&#÷!@÷@%
hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&#
;Dat\ @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk ® To;kl5sf k®sDksf sf®0faf6
k|efljt hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf jfl;Gbf Pj+ 3® kl®jf®x¿sf] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf
#! n] lbPsf] clwsf® k|of]u u®L k|flws®0fn] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®De M -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd Æhf]lvdo'Qm j:tL
:yfgfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&#Æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw :jLs[t ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5 .
@= kl®efiffM ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdfM–
-!_ Æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] k|flws®0f, k|flws®0fsf] sfd ug{] u®L tf]lsPsf] sfof{no,
cfof]hgf Pj+ ;lrjfno;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-@_ Æhf]lvdo'Qm j:tLÆ eGgfn] ef}ule{s cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf®df
k|flws®0faf6 hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL egL olsg ePsf :yfgfGt®0f ug{'kg{] j:tL jf
j:tLsf 3® kl®jf® ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ Ænfeu|fxLÆ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; nut ;+sng
sfo{qmdaf6k|flws®0fn] nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u®]sf 3® kl®jf® ;Demg' k5{
® ;f] zAbn] nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf ;dfj]z geP tfklg hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL egL
olsg ePsf j:tLsf 3® kl®jf®x¿nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
80
-$_ Æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf jf gu®kflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_ Æpkef]Qmf ;ldltÆ eGgfn] nfeu|fxLx¿dWo]af6 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd u7g
ePsf pkef]Qmf ;ldltx¿nfO{ hgfpF5 .
#= j:tL :yfgfGt®0f ug{'kg{] kl®jf®sf] tYofÍ ;+sngM -!_
ef}ule{s cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf®df j:tL Pj+ j:tLsf 3® kl®jf®nfO{ b]xfojdf]lhd
juL{s®0f ul®g]5 .
-s_ s]xL ug{' gkg{] j:tL Pj+ j:tLsf] 3®kl®jf® .
-v_;+®If0f Pj+ cfjZos ;'wf® ug{'kg{] j:tL Pj+ j:tLsf 3®kl®jf® .
-u_ :yfgfGt®0f ug{'kg{] j:tL jf j:tLsf 3® kl®jf®x¿ .
-@_ hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf :yfgfGt®0f x'g] jf
x'g' gkg{] 3® kl®jf®x¿sf] 5'§f5'§} tYofÍ ;+sng ul®g] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;+sng ePsf] tYofÍdf ;dfj]z ePsf nfeu|fxLnfO{
;fljsb]lv a;f]jf; u®L cfPsf] j:tLdf cfjZos ;'wf® Pj+ ;+®If0f u®L
a;f]jf; of]Uo ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf j:tLsf nfeu|fxLnfO{ lghL cfjf;
k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhdsf] ®sd pknAw
u®fOg]5 .
-$_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL egL olsg ePsf j:tLsf
nfeu|fxLn] cfkm\gf] OR5f cg';f® ;DalGwt lhNnf jf e"sDk k|efljt
lhNnf dWo] glhssf] lhNnfdf a;fO{ ;®fO{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf 3®
kl®jf®nfO{ cfkm}F ;'®lIft hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{] u®L g]kfn ;®sf®n] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] cg'bfg hUuf vl®b ;DaGwL lnlvt k|df0fsf] cfwf®df
;xof]u:j¿k k|flws®0fdfkm{t Psd'i6 pknAw u®fOg]5 .
81
lghn] pQm hUufdf a;f]jf; ug{]5, ;fy} hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLdf a;f]jf; ug{
kfpg] 5}g . To:tf] hUufdf lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu lghnfO{
e "sDkaf6 k |e f ljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt/0 f
sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhdsf] ®sd pknAw uf/fOg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ®sdaf6 hUuf vl®b u®]sf] k|df0f nfeu|fxLn]
;DalGwt k|flws®0fåf®f tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg{]5 . >Ldfg >LdtLsf]
xsdf hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ pknAw u®fpbf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf pknAw u®fOg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd nfeu|fxLn] vl®b u®]sf] hUuf bz jif{;Dd s'g} Joxf]®fn]
xs x:tfGt®0f ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
$= hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgfGt®0fM -!_ hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf nfeu|fxLx¿
dWo]af6 slDtdf bz kl®jf® x'g] u®L cfkm}n] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g u®L ;f] ;ldltn]
5gf}6 u®]sf] ;'®lIft :yfgdf Plss[t j:tL ljsf; u®L j:tL :yfgfGt®0f ug{ k|f]T;fxg
ul®g] 5 . lghx¿nfO{ ;'®lIft hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{ dfly pkbkmf # sf] pkbkmf -#_
df ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ;xof]u pknAw x'g]5 . o;®L hUuf k|fKt ePkl5 lghnfO{
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhdsf] ®sd pknAw
u®fO{g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd PsLs[t j:tL ljsf; u®L j:tL :yfgfGt®0f ug{
rfxg] nfeu|fxLx¿sf] hUuf PsLs[t u®L k|flws®0f jf k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf]
sfof{noaf6 :yfgfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf of]hgf tof® u®L qmlds ¿kdf
k"jf{wf® ljsf; ug{ 5'6\6} sfo{qmd agfOg] 5 .
:ki6Ls®0fM of] bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k"jf{wf® ljsf; eGgfn] :yfgLo txsf]
;xdltdf PsLs[t j:tLsf nflu rflxg] cfwf®e"t cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ lgdf{0f
ul®g] ;+®rgf h:t} ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ljB't, :jf:Yo s]Gb|, lzIf0f ;+:yfsf]
qmlds ¿kdf :yfkgf ug{] ;d]t a'em\g' kb{5 .
82
-#_ To:tf :yfgfGt®0f ug{] j:tLx¿df nfeu|fxLnfO{ :yfgfGt®0f ug{'kbf{ e"sDkaf6
k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu hUuf k|flKt Pj+ hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw, @)&@ adf]lhd ug{' kg{]5 .
%= k"jf{wf® lgdf{0fdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfosf]
;xeflutfM -!_ PsLs[t j:tL ljsf;df cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf®
ljsf;sf sfdx¿ ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf tf]lsPsf sfof{nox¿dfkm{t ul®g]
5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfo;Fu If]qut of]hgf
;DaGwL k"jf{wf®sf nflu sfd ubf{÷u®fpFbf vl®b sfo{ljlw adf]lhdsf]
;Ldfleq ®xL sfd u®fpg ;lsg] 5 .
-#_ PsLs[t j:tLdf lgdf{0f x'g] k"jf{wf® ljsf;sf] ;'k®Lj]If0f ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0fk|flws®0f jf k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] sfof{non] ug{]5 .
^= hLljsf]kfh{g ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfngM -!_ PsLs[t j:tLdf
:yfgfGt®0f e} cfPsf nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] k®Dk®fut ;Lk jf hLjg lgjf{xsf]
dfWod k'g:yf{kgf ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug{' kg{]5 . pkef]Qmfsf dfusf cfwf®df
;DefJotf cWoog u®L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul®g]5 .
-@_ o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ;~rfng x'g] cfocfh{g ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;®sf®L jf
u}®;®sf®L ;+:yfaf6 ;d]t u®fOg] 5 .
-#_ cfo cfh{g sfo{qmdsf] :jLs[lt, ;+of]hg Pj+ cg'udg lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf] ;lrjfnoaf6 ul®g]5 . ;lrjfno v8f gePsf lhNnfsf xsdf
pQm sfo{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ Psn dlxnf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful®s, ckfË Pj+ ljkGg JolQmnfO{
hLljsf]kf{hg tyf cfo cfh{g sfo{qmddf k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 .
83
&= k"jf{wf® ljsf;df ;xof]uM e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx¿df ;d'bfoaf6
:yfgLo txsf] ;xdltdf PsLs[t j:tL ljsf;sf nflu dfu eO{ cfPdf ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f jf k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] lhNnfl:yt lgsfodf lgj]bg lbPdf
:jLs[lt lbg ;lsg]5 . To:tf j:tLx¿df k"jf{wf® ljsf;sf sfddf qmdzM ;xof]u
k'¥ofOg]5 .
*= cGo lgsfoaf6 x'g] sfdx?M o; sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ul®g] sfo{x¿
:yfgLo tx, ;®sf®L tx Pj+ u}®;®sf®L ;+:yfx¿ tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfd
lglZrt ul®Psf dfkb08 Pj+ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ul®g]5g\ .
(=C0f ;'ljwf M e"sDkkLl8t nfeu|fxLn] kfP ;®xsf] C0f ;'ljwf Pj+ ;x'lnot
hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf jfl;Gbfsf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;d]t pknAw u®fpg afwf k'Ug] 5}g .
!)= cfof]hgf :jLs[lt M j:tL :yfgfGt®0f Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL cfof]hgf
:jLs[lt ® sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfo ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
! ! = k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf e"sDkkLl8t
nfeu|fxLx¿sf] sfddf ;+nUg lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf o; sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v eP
jdf]lhd x'g]5 . o;df pNn]v gePsf ljifox¿ cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
84
:jLs[t ldlt @)&$÷)@÷@@
e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ a;f]jf;of]Uo hUuf vl®b
;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&$
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®De M of] dfkb08sf] gfd æe"sDkkLl8tnfO{ a;f]jf;of]Uo
hUuf vl®b ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&$Æ ®x]sf] 5 . of] dfkb08 sfo{sf®L ;ldltaf6
:jLs[t ldlt @)&$÷)@÷@@ af6 nfu" x'g]5 .
@= nfeu|fxLsf] klxrfg M e"sDk k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg _ sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhd nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rL olsg ug]{ .
#= 38]®L hUuf vl®bsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M vl®b ug{ rfx]sf]
hUufsf] ljj®0f ;lxtsf] lgj]bg nfeu|fxLn] ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{5 . lgj]bgsf] gd"gf
cg';"rLdf ;+nUg ul®Psf] 5 .
$= lgj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ ljifo tyf l;kmfl®z M To:tf] hUuf vl®b ug'{ cl3
nfeu|fxLn] lng] hUufsf] hUufwgLsf] gfd, hUufwgLsf] 7]ufgf, hUuf ®x]sf] 7]ufgf,
If]qkmn, lsQf g+= ;d]t ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
;lrjfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbFbf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . dfly a'Fbf g+= #
adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf :yfgLo txaf6 hUuf gePsf]÷cGoq a;f]af;sf] nflu pko'Qm
hUuf gePsf] Joxf]®fsf] l;kmfl®z kq k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 .
85
%= cfˆgf] Psf;uf]nsf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf hUuf x'g]sf ;DaGwdfM
cfˆgf] jf Psf;uf]nsf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf a;f]jf;of]Uo hUuf x'g] e"sDkkLl8tn] of]
dfkb08 adf]lhd cg'bfg ®sd kfpg] 5}gg\ . cfˆgf] jf kl®jf®sf] gfddf g]kfn
®fHoe® hUuf gx'g]÷ a;f]jf;of]Uo hUuf gx'g] nfeu|fxLn] 3®jf; vl®bsf] nflu
;'®lIft a;f]jf; of]Uo 38]®L hUuf cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] Psf;uf]nsf] kl®jf®sf] gfd
gePsf] Joxf]®f v'nfpg' kg]{5 . kl5 s'g} sf®0faf6 em'Ýf 7xl®Pdf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd sf®jfxL x'g]5 .
^= vl®b ug]{ hUufsf] If]qkmn M 3®jf;sf] nflu a;f]af;of]Uo hUuf
vl®bsf] qmddf hUufsf] xs x:tfGt®0f x'Fbf lsQf sf6sf nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd
If]qkmneGbf a9L x'g' kg]{5 .
&= vl®b ug{ rfx]sf] hUuf ®x]sf] :yfg v'nfpg' kg]{ M 3®jf;sf] nflu
vl®b ul®g] hUuf cfˆgf] ;fljs ufpFkflnsf, gu®kflnsf jf ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf]
cGoq lhNnfleq kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
*= ;lrjfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] e"ldsf M ;lrjfno jf
tf]lsPsf] sfof{non] pQm JolQm nfeu|fxL xf] xf]Og olsg u®L sfo{ljlw adf]lhd eP
gePsf] pko'Qmtf ;d]t x]®L hUuf vl®bsf] nflu :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 . To;®L vl®b
ePsf] hUufsf] nflu cg'bfg ®sd e'QmgL lbg' kg]{5 .
(= ®sd lgsfzf pknAw u®fpg' kg]{ M ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fn]
lhNnfdf nfeu|fxL ;+Vofsf] cfwf®df cfjZos ®sd lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
;lrjfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf lgsfzf pknAw u®fpg] 5 .
!)= cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fOg] M ;lrjfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] kq
adf]lhd lnvtsf] k|ltlnlk ® hUuf wgL k|df0fk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlksf] cfwf®df b'O{nfv
¿k}ofFdf ga9\g] u®L lnvt d"No a®fj®sf] ®sd ;lrjfno jf tf]lsPsf] sfof{noaf6
86
nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg'bfgsf] ¿kdf e'QmfgL x'g]5 .
!!= hUufsf] :jfldTj ;DaGwdf M o; dfkb08 adf]lhd vl®b ug]{ hUuf
>Ldfg\ ÷>LdtLsf] gfddf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf vl®b ug'{ kg]{5 . Psn JolQmsf] xsdf of]
a'Fbf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!@= 3®sf] lgdf{0f z'? ug'{kg]{ M vl®b u®]sf] pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf] hUufdf
nfeu|fxLn] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu tLg ls:tfdf cg'bfg k|fKt u®L tLg dlxgfleq 3®
lgdf{0f z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#= xs x:tfGt®0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o;®L vl®b u®]sf] hUuf bz
aif{;Dd a]rljvg u®L xs x:tfGt®0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!$= ;fljsdf a;f]af; u®L cfPsf] hUuf 5f]8\g' kg]{ M o;®L hUuf vl®b
u®L 3® lgdf{0f ug]{ nfeu|fxLx¿n] ;fljssf] :yfgdf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf]
hf]lvdo'Qm j:tLsf] hUuf tyf ;®sf®L, ;fj{hlgs Pj+ jgIf]qsf] hUufdf a;f]af;
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!%= sfof{Gjogsf]] qmddf låljwf ePdf M of] dfkb08 sfof{Gjogsf]
qmddf låljwf ePdf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f
sfo{ljlw -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)&# Pj+ hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# adf]lhd x'g]5 .
87
cg';"rL !
dfkb08sf] a'Fbf g+= # ;Fu ;DalGwt
>Ldfg sfof{no k|d'vHo",
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno .
ljifo M cg'bfg ®sd kfpF eGg] af®] .
dxf]bo,
pko'{Qm ;DaGwdf d}n] a;f]af; u®L cfPsf] 3®hUuf ef}ule{s cWoog k|lta]bgsf]
cfwf®df c;'®lIft ®x]sf] ® d]®f] Psf;uf]nsf] kl®jf®sf] gfddf g]kfn ®fHoe® hUuf
gePsf] ÷cGoq a;f]jf;sf nflu pko'Qm hUuf gePsf] x'Fbf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt
lghL cfj; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f sfo{ljlw -klxnf] ;+;f]wg_ @)&# sf]
cg';"rL– ! sf] a'Fbf gDj® ! ® hf]lvdo'Qm j:tL :yfgfGt®0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw, @)&# sf] clwgdf ®xL :j]lR5s ¿kdf :yfgfGt®0f x'g rfx]sf]n] ;f]xL
sfo{ljlwsf] Joj:yf cg'¿ksf] cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fO lbg' x'g lgj]bg k]z u®]sf]
5' .
lgj]bssf] ljj®0f
!= gfd M pd]® M
@= lgj]bssf] ;fljssf] 7]ufgf M afh]sf] gfd M
s_ lhNnf M u_ jf8{ g+= M
v_ g=kf=÷uf= kf= ® jf8{ g+= 3_ 6f]n M
ª_ xfnsf] g=kf=÷uf= lj= ;= ® jf8{ g+=
88
#= lj:yflkt eO{ a;]sf] eP xfnsf] 7]ufgf M
s_ lhNnf M u_ jf8{ g+= M
v_ g= kf=÷uf=kf= M 3_ 6f]n M
$= o; cufj} nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf k®]sf] eP ;f] sf] ljj®0f
s_ nfeu|fxLsf] gfd M
v_ ;e]{ l:nkdf ®x]sf] ;+s]t g+=
%= :j]lR5s ¿kdf :yfgfGt®0f x'g rfx]sf] :yfgsf] ljj®0f M
s_ lhNnf M v_ g=kf=÷uf= kf=
u_ jf8{ g+= M 3_ 6f]n M
ª= hUufwgLsf] gfd M r_ l;6 g+=÷lsQf g+= M
5_ If]qkmn M h_ :jfldTjsf] k|sf® M
em_ d"No M `_ hUuf wgLsf] d~h'®L eP ÷gePsf] M
^= :yfgLo txsf] l;kmfl®z
s_ ;fljsdf a;f]af; u®]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo txaf6 g]kfn ®fHoe® hUuf gePsf]
l;kmfl®z M
v_ ;fljsdf a;f]af; u®]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo txaf6 g]kfn ®fHoe® a;f]af; of]Uo
hUuf gePsf] l;kmfl®z M
u_ xfn hUuf vl®b ug{ rfx]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo txaf6 vl®b ug{ rfx]sf] hUuf
xbaGbLdf gk®]sf], :jfldTj Pj+ ef]u ;DaGwL ljjfb gePsf] Pj+ ;®sf®L,
;fj{hlgs tyf jgIf]qsf] hUuf gldlrPsf] Joxf]®fsf] l;kmfl®z
89
&= vl®bsf] nflu k|:tfljt hUuf a;f]af;sf] nflu pko'Qm eP gePsf] -sfof{non]
eg]{_
s_ pko'Qm b]lvPsf] v_ pko'Qm gb]lvPsf]
u_ ;DalGwt kbflwsf®Lsf] x:tfIf® 3_ sfof{nosf] 5fk
dfly plNnlvt Joxf]®f ;fFrf] xf], em'7f 7x®]df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;x'Fnf
a'emfpFnf .
============
lgj]bs
90
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
sfo{ljlw, @)&$
ldlt @)&@ j}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk tyf To;kl5sf k®sDksf
sf®0faf6 Ifltu|:t lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f, cGo ef}lts k"jf{wf®x¿sf] k'glg{df{0f,
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL u'gf;f]x¿ ;®n Pj+ Jojl:yt tj®af6
Joj:yfkg u®L ;Daf]wg ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@ sf] bkmf #! n] lbPsf]
clwsf® k|of]u u®L ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf] sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] b]xfosf]
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&$ agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd ® k|f®DeM -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf] gfd æk'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&$æ ®x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] :jLs[t u®]sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5 .
@= kl®efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; sfo{ljlwdf,–
-s_ æP]gæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+®rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL P]g, @)&@
;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æk|flws®0fæ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf # adf]lhd ul7t ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
;Demg' k5{ .
91
-u_ æk'glg{df{0fæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] bLuf], bl®nf] ® of]hgfj4 ¿kdf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf ef}lts ljsf;, gjlgdf{0f tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL sfo{
;Demg' kb{5 .
-3_ æu'gf;f]æ eGgfn] sfo{ljlwsf] bkmf # adf]lhd nfeu|fxLn] bkmf $ df pNn]v
ePsf dfWodaf6 k|flws®0fdf btf{ ug{ ;Sg] ph'®LnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-ª_ ænfeu|fxLæ eGgfn] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt®0f
-klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ sfo{ljlw, @)&# sf] bkmf # adf]lhd klxrfg ul®Psf
lghL 3®sf 3®wgLnfO{ a'emfpFb5 .
-r_ æ:yfgLo txæ eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf, gu®kflnsf, pkdxfgu®kflnsf ®
dxfgu®kflnsfnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
-5_ æj8fWoIfæ eGgfn] :yfgLo txsf] ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfsf] lgjf{lrt
j8fWoIfnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
-h_ ægu®kflnsfæ eGgfn] gu/kflnsf, pk– dxfgu®kflnsf ®
dxfgu®kflnsf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
#= u'gf;f]stf{M e"sDkaf6 k|efljt #! lhNnfsf JolQmx¿n] k|flws®0fsf]
k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL sfddf lrQ ga'em]df u'gf;f] ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf u'gf;f]x¿ :yfgLo
txsf] ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf tyf j8f sfof{nox¿df ® k|flws®0fsf lhNnf Pj+
s]Gb|Lo lgsfox¿df btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$= u'gf;f] lbg] dfWodM u'gf;f] ubf{ ljB'tLo dfWod jf lgj]bgdfkm{t btf{ ug{
;lsg]5 .
%= u'gf;f]sf] juL{s®0fM k|fKt ePsf u'gf;f]x¿nfO{ b]xfojdf]lhd juL{s®0f
ul®g]5M
92
-!_ lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt u'gf;f],
-@_ cGo u'gf;f]x¿ -h:t}M x]nf] ;®sf®, k|flws®0fsf] 6f]n km|L ;]jf jf cGo lgsfo
jf ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u'gf;f]_
^= u'gf;f] btf{ u®fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL
3®sf 3®wgLx¿n] lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt tf]lsPsf] kmf®fd e®L u'gf;f]
btf{ u®fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ sfof{nodf k|fKt u'gf;f]x¿ 5'6\6} ®lhi6®df btf{ ug{' kg{]5 . u'gf;f] btf{ u®]kl5
u'gf;f] btf{ lg:;f ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ u'gf;f] btf{ ug{sf nflu b]xfosf lgsfox¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 5M
-s_ e"sDkaf6 k|efljt JolQm a;f]jf; u®]sf] ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfsf
j8f sfof{nox¿,
-v_ :yfgLo txdf ®x]sf ufpFkflnsf Pj+ gu®kflnsfsf sfof{nox¿,
-u_ ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0fsf lhNnf Pj+ s]Gb|Lo lgsfo .
&= u'gf;f] btf{ ubf{ ;+nUg ug{'kg{] sfuhftx¿M u'gf;f]stf{n] lghL
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL u'gf;f] btf{ ubf{ u'gf;f] kmf®fd;fy b]xfosf] sfuhft
;+nUg ug{' kg{]5 .
-!_ ;j{]If0f lg:;f,
-@_ nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljj®0f,
-#_ ;j{]If0f 5'6]sf] tyf cGo u'gf;f]sf] xsdf lgj]bg dfq lbP k'Ug] .
92
*= u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg k|lqmofM -!_ u'gf;f] btf{ ug{] k|To]s sfof{non]
k|fKt u'gf;f] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;DalGwt ;ldltdf k7fpg] 5 . ;ldltn] u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkg u®L cfkm} lg0f{o ug{] ® g;lsg] eP sf®0f ;lxt u'gf;f] btf{ ePsf] kGw|
lbgleq ;DalGwt u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ o;/L u'gf;f] ;DalGwt ;ldltdf k7fO{Psf]df ;f]xL Joxf]®f vf]nL ;f] sf]
hfgsf®L u'gf;f]stf{nfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
(= j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltM -!_ j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfsf] j8fsf] j8fcWoIf– ;+of]hs
-v_ ;DalGwt j8fdf k|flws®0faf6 v6fO{Psf]÷tf]lsPsf] OlGhgLo®÷;j
OlGhgLo® – ;b:o
-u_ ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nosf] ;lrj – ;b:o ;lrj
-@_ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfo{fnodf
®xg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] j}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f® ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{
;lsg]5 .
-$_ ;b:o ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ j8f sfof{nodf k|fKt u'gf;f]x¿sf] ;+sng ug{],
-v_ cGo lgsfox¿df btf{ eO{ sf®jfxLsf] nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf u'gf;f]x¿sf]
;+sng ug{],
-u_ ;+slnt u'gf;f]sf] ljifo cg';f® juL{s®0f u®L j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{] .
-3_ ;ldltn] u®]sf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug{], u®fpg] .
93
-%_ j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ juL{s®0f ul®Psf dWo] ;fdfGo ljj®0ffTds q'l6 -h:t}M nfeu|fxLsf]
gfd jf y® jf 7]ufgf jf gful®stf gDa® jf gful®stf hf®L ldlt jf
hGd ldlt jf afj' jf afh]sf] gfd jf y® jf ;;'®f jf kltsf] gfd
jf y® cflbdf ;fdfGo q'6L_ ePsf sf®0fn] ;Demf}tf ug{ g;s]sf]
u'gf;f]sf] xsdf s]G›Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{n] lhNnfdf pknAw
u®fPsf] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd gfd];L, tLg k':t] ® nfeu|fxL klxrfg gDa®;Fu
cGo ljj®0f le8fg u®L nfeu|fxL;Fu ;Demf}tf ug]{ u®L osLg ug]{ .
;f]sf] hfgsf®L ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt Pj+
k|flws®0fsf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ® k|flws®0fdf pknAw
u®fpg] .
-v_ k|flws®0faf6 ul®Psf] ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf®df lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{sf
nflu tLg nfv ¿k}Fof cg'bfg k|fKt ug{] u®L ;Demf}tf u®]sf t® k'glg{df{0f
x'g] qmddf 3® eTsfpg' gkg{] eO{ k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl®zdf e"sDk k|lt®f]wL
k|ljlw k|of]u u®L k|anLs®0f ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf pQm 3®wgL nfeu|fxLnfO{
k|anLs®0fsf] ju{df ®fvL ;f]xL cg'¿k cg'bfg ;Demf}tf kl®dfh{g ug]{ .
;f] ladf]lhdsf] ljj®0f k|flws®0fsf] s]G›Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws
ug{ oyfzL3| ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfdfkm{t k|flws®0fdf
pknAw u®fpg], ;f]sf] hfgsf®L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnonfO{
lbg] . s]G›Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws eO{ cfPkl5 ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
ug{], u®fpg] .
-u_ dfly a'Fbf g+= -v_ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd s'g} nfeu|fxLn] pQm ®sdaf6
k|anLs®0f gu®]df jf ;Da4 k|fljlwsaf6 lg®LIf0fsf] qmddf e"sDk
k|lt®f]wL k|ljlw cg'¿k k|anLs®0f u®]sf] gb]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd sf®jfxL ug{], u®fpg] jf ;ldltaf6 sf®jfxL ug{ g;lsg] ljifox¿
sf®0f vf]nL ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfdf l;kmfl®z u®L k7fpg] .
-3_ g]kfn ;®sf®, k|flws®0fsf] lgb{]zs ;ldlt, sfo{sf®L ;ldlt,
94
ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf :t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt Pj+ s]G›Lo
u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ljleGg ldltdf u®]sf lg0f{ox¿ ® :jLs[t
sfo{ljlwx¿ adf]lhd u'gf;f] km5\of}{6 ug]{ .
-ª_ ;ldltn] km5\of}{6 ug{ g;s]sf u'gf;f]x¿ sf®0f v'nfO{ ®fo k|ltj]bg;lxt
ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k7fpg] .
-r_ dfly a'Fbf g+ -s_ afx]ssf] cj:yf k®L gfd gfd];L gle8]df ;ldltsf]
®f]xj®df ;lh{ldg d'r'Nsf p7fO{ nfeu|fxLsf] osLg;fy l;kmfl®z
u®L lg0f{osf] nflu ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;ldlt dfk{mt k|flws®0fsf] s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k7fpg] ®
nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{o eO{ cfPdf nfeu|fxL;Fu ;Demf}tf
ug]{, u®fpg] .
-5_ s'g} nfeu|fxLsf] Ps eGbf a9L 7fpFaf6 ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf]
cj:yfdf ;DalGwt b'j} lgsfosf] ;dGjodf nfeu|fxLnfO{ s'g} Ps
:yfgdf cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ 5gf}6 u®fO{ csf{] :yfgaf6 nfeu|fxLsf]
;"rLaf6 lghsf] nuts§f u®L u®fO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf®L ufpFkflnsf jf
gu®kflnsfdfk{mt k|flws®0fdf k7fpg] . o:tf] cj:yfdf lghL cfjf;
k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu lnPsf] cg'bfg ®sd c;'n pk® u®L u®fO{ ;DalGwt
ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf÷lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lghL cfjf;
cg'bfg hfg] vftfdf hDdf u®L u®fO{ ;f]sf] Ps k|lt ef}r® k|flws®0fsf]
s]G›Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
-h_ j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldldsf] a}7saf6 lg0f{o x'g g;s]sf
ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt u'gf;f]x¿ ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu®kflnsf:t®Lo
u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k7fpg] .
-em_ ;j{]If0fd} gfd 5'6]sf] jf nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf gfd gcfPsf] t® 3®
e"sDkn] Ifltu|:t ePsf] eGg] k|s[ltsf u'gf;f]x¿sf] xsdf e"sDkn]
3® Iflt eP gePsf] osLg u®L k'g;j]{If0f ug{'kg]{ jf k'g :ynut hfFr
ug{'kg{]÷gkg{] osLg u®L :ki6 l;kmfl®z;lxt ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf
gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ® k|flws®0fdf k7fpg] .
95
-`_ lghL cfjf; k|anLs®0f ug{sf nflu Ps nfv ¿k}ofF cg'bfg k|fKt
ug{] u®L ;Demf}tf u®]sf t® k|anLs®0fsf qmddf pQm 3® elTsPdf jf
eTsfpg' kg]{ cj:yf eO{ k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg{] egL O{lGhlgo®af6 k|dfl0ft
ePdf j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf p7fO{
pQm 3®wgL nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf] ju{df ®fVg l;kmfl®z ;fy
ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf dfkm{t :jLs[ltsf nflu k|flws®0fsf] s]G›Lo
sfof{nodf k7fpg] ® ;f] sf] hfgsf®L k|flws®0fsf] lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf] ;lrjfnonfO{ lbg] . s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6
lg0f{o e} ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws eO{ cfPkl5 ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf
nflu ;DalGwt j8f ;lrjnfO{ k7fpg] .
-6_ km5\of}{6 ePsf tyf ufpFkflnsf jf gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;ldltdf k7fPsf u'gf;f]sf] af®]df u'gf;f]stf{nfO{ hfgsf®L lbg] .
!)= ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M
-!_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-s_ k|d'v, ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf –;+of]hs
-v_ pk– k|d'v, ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf – pk–;+of]hs
-u_ k|flws®0faf6 ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfdf
v6fO{Psf]÷tf]lsPsf] O{lGhlgo® –;b:o
-3_ k|d'v, glhssf] g]kfn k|x®Lsf] OsfO{ –;b:o
-ª_ sfo{sf®L clws[t, ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf – ;b:o ;lrj
-@_ u'gf;f]sf] ljifo;+u ;DalGwt cGo JolQm jf kbflwsf®LnfO{ cfjZostf
cg';f® u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ ;+of]hssf] cg'kl:yltdf pk–;+of]hsn] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{]5g\ .
96
-$_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno
ufpFkflnsf÷ gu®kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf ®xg]5 .
-%_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfsf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldldsf] ;b:o ;lrjsf]
sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfdf btf{ ePsf u'gf;f]x¿ Pj+ j8f:t®Lo tyf
cGo lgsfodfkm{t k|fKt u'gf;f]x¿sf] clen]v ®fVg],
-v_ k|fKt u'gf;f]sf] juL{s®0f ug]{ ® k|s[lt 5'6\ofpg],
-u_ juL{s[t u'gf;f]x¿ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] a}7s k]z ug{] .
-3_ u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 eP u®]sf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog
ug{], u®fpg] .
-^_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo ®
clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ la= ;+= @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nodf
c+za08f sfuh kfl®t u®]sf ® nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf
3® kl®jf®nfO{ 5'§} 3® kl®jf®df u0fgf u®L cnu 3® lgdf{0fsf nflu
cg'bfg ®sd pknAw u®fOg]5 . t® c+za08f sfuh c•faf6 kfl®t
gu®]sf] ePtfklg @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut] cufj} dfgf} 5'l§O{ 5'§} 3® agfO{
a;]sf] ®x]5 ® s]G›Lo tYofÍ ljefuåf®f e"sDk k|efljt nut ;+sng
sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;+sng ul®Psf] tYof+sdf ;dfj]z eO{ nfeu|fxL
;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] ®x]5 eg] 5'l§leGg eO{ cnu cnu 3® agfO{
a;f]af; u®]sf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf®df k'i6L ePdf cnu÷cnu
3® k'glg{df{0fsf nflu To:tf] e"sDk k|efljt 3®wgLnfO{ ;d]t 5'§} 3®
kl®jf®df u0fgf ug]{ .
-v_ ;fj{hlgs hUuf, ;®sf®L ® jg If]qsf] hUuf afx]s ljleGg lsl;dsf
u'7L, ljtf{ ® u'7L clwg:y hUuf, df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf, :jjf;L, a]lg:;f,
ufpF Ans, zx® Ans, sf]bfnL, cfFs8f, la6f}®L, pv8f ;d]tsf hUufdf
97
a;f]af; eO{ 3® Iflt ePsf nfeu|fxLsf xsdf lgh a;f]af;L;Fu 3®af;
ePsf] hUufsf] ef]u ;DaGwL s'g} lg:;f ®l;b jf k"hL{ eP ;f] lg:;f ®l;b
jf k"hL{sf] cfwf®df :yfgLo txn] ul®lbPsf] l;kmfl®z ® To:tf] lg:;f
®l;b jf k""hL{ gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL Joxf]®fsf] l;kmfl®z Pj+ Ifltu|:t
3®af; ePsf] xsdf slDtdf b'O{ hgf ;+lwof®x¿n] 3®af; ePsf] tyf
ef]urng u®]sf] xf] egL ul®lbPsf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfsf cfwf®df To:tf
3®wgL nfeu|fxL;Fu 3® lgdf{0f cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ug{ :jLs[lt lbg] .
-u_ j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Aoj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 k|flws®0fsf] s]G›Lo sfof{nodf
k7fpg l;kmfl®z;fy cfPsf u'gf;f]x¿ pk® 5fgjLg u®L cfjZos 7x®]
l;kmfl®z ;lxt k|flws®0fsf] s]G›Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg] .
-3_ g]kfn ;®sf®, k|flws®0fsf] lgb{]zs ;ldlt Pj+ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn]
ljleGg ldltdf u®]sf lg0f{ox¿ ® :jLs[t sfo{ljlwx¿ adf]lhd u'gf;f]
km5\of}{6 ug]{, u®fpg] .
-ª_ j8f:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{opk® s]xL u'gf;f]x¿ ePdf
To:tf u'gf;f]x¿ km5\of}{6 ug{] .
-r_ ;ldltn] km5\of}{6 ug{ g;s]sf u'gf;f]x¿ sf®0f v'nfO{ ®fo k|ltj]bg;lxt
k|flws®0fdf k7fpg] .
!!= s]G›Lo :t®df u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg M -!_ s]G›Lo:t®df k|fKt u'gf;f]
Joj:yfkgsf] ;+of]hg k|flws®0fsf] ;"rgf tyf ;+rf® zfvf;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;fdflhs
kl®rfng tyf Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] ug{]5 . u'gf;f] Aoj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf pQm
dxfzfvfsf] sfo{ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ :yfgLo txsf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl®z;fy k|fKt x'g
cfPsf u'gf;f]x¿sf] clen]v ®fVg],
-v_ k|flws®0f Pj+ :yfgLo txaf6 k|fKt u'gf;f]x¿sf] juL{s®0f ug{] ® k|s[lt
5'6\ofpg],
-u_ lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt Joj:yfksLo ;"rgf k|0ffnL
98
-MIS_ df ®x]sf] u'gf;f]stf{sf] Ifltu|:t elgPsf] lghL cfjf;sf]
tflnsf -Matrix_, lghL cfjf;sf] tl:j® -image_ cflb ;"rgfx¿
tyf cfjZostf cg';f® cGo ;"rgfx¿ ;d]t lnO{ ljZn]if0f ug{] .
-3_ dfly a'Fbf g+= -u_ adf]lhdsf] lg0{fo lnFbf cfjZostf cg';f® lj1x¿sf]
;d]t ®fo k®fdz{ lng ;lsg] .
-ª_ dfly a'Fbf g+= -u_ adf]lhd k'glg{df{0f tyf k|anLs®0fsf] nfeu|fxL
;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g]÷gx'g] b]lvPsf lghL 3®wgLsf] ljj®0f l;kmfl®z
;fy s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s k]z ug]{ .
-r_ ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf®df k'g;j{]If0f Pj+ :ynut hfFr ® lg®LIf0f ug{' kg]{
b]lvg cfPdf s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{] .
-5_ :yfgLo txsf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿af6 ®fo;fy k|fKt
l;kmfl®zx¿sf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf®df km5\of}{6 ug]{ . km5\of}{6 ug{ g;lsg]
k|s[ltsf ljifox¿ s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{] .
-h_ sfo{sf®L ;ldlt tyf s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 eP
u®]sf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u®fpg] .
-em_ lghL cfjf; k'gdlg{df{0f eGbf km®s ljifosf k|flws®0f;Fu ;DalGwt
cGo u'gf;f]x¿sf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;®sf®, k|flws®0fsf] lgb{]zs ;ldlt
Pj+ sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] ljleGg ldltdf u®]sf lg0f{o tyf df}h'bf sfo{ljlw
adf]lhd cfjZos lg0f{osf nflu k|flws®0fsf ;lrj;dIf k]z ug{] .
-`_ juL{s[t u'gf;f]x¿dWo] k|zf;lgs k|s[ltsf u'gf;f]x¿ cfjZos sf®jfxLsf
nflu ;DalGwt kbflwsf®L÷lgsfo÷;ldltnfO{ n]vL k7fpg] .
-6_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{opk®
s]xL u'gf;f]x¿ ePdf To:tf u'gf;f]x¿ km5\of}{6sf nflu l;kmfl®z ;fy
sfo{sf®L ;ldltdf k]z ug{] .
99
!@= s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M -!_ s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ k|flws®0fn] tf]s]sf] sfo{sf®L ;ldlt ;b:o – ;+of]hs
-v_ u'gf;f];Fu ;DalGwt dxfzfvf k|d'v, ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f – ;b:o
-u_ ;x;lrj -k|f=_ ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f – ;b:o
-3_ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf® zfvf k|d'v, ®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f – ;b:o
-ª_ pk–;lrj, ;fdflhs kl®rfng tyf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg zfvf – ;b:o–
;lrj
-@_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cjZostf cg';f® sfo{sf®L ;ldlt ;b:o, ;DalGwt lj1
tyf kbflwsf®LnfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ s]G›Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo ® clwsf® b]xfoadf]lhd
x'g]5M
-s_ u'gf;f] Aoj:yfkg dxfzfvfaf6 k]z x'g cfPsf a'Fbf g+ !! -ª_, -r_ ®
-5_ adf]lhdsf laifodf g]kfn ;®sf®, k|flws®0fsf] lgb{]zs ;ldlt ®
sfo{sf®L ;ldltsf lg0f{ox¿ tyf :jLs[t sfo{ljlw adf]lhd lg0f{o lng] .
s'g} u'gf;f]stf{ nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf kg{] b]lvPdf cyjf k|jnLs®0fsf]
;"rLdf ®x]sf] u'gf;f]stf{ gofF cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] ;"rLdf kg]{ e} cfly{s
bfloTj ylkg] b]lvPdf lg0f{ofy{ sfo{sf®L ;ldltdf l;kmfl®z ;fy k]z
ug{ lg0f{o lng] .
-v_ ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf:t®Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{opk®
s]xL u'gf;f]x¿ ePdf To:tf u'gf;f]x¿ km5\of}{6 ug]{ .
100
!#= ljljwM -!_ h'g;'s} txsf] u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] s'g} JolQmn] em'Ýf
ljj®0f k]z u®L lghL cfjfh cg'bfgtk{msf] ®sd lnPsf] kfPdf lghaf6 To:tf] ®sd
;®sf®L afFsL ;®x c;"n pk® ug]{ ;d]tsf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf®jfxL ug{
;DalGwt lgsfo jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg]5 .
-@_ cfjZostf cg';f® k|flws®0fn] u'gf;f] ;DaGwL sfo{sf] cg'udg ug{÷u®fpg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|fKt u'gf;f]sf] plrt ;doleq km5\of}{6 ug'{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ u'gf;f]sf] ljifodf ePsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf®L u'gf;f] stf{nfO{ lbOg]5 .
-%_ l®;O{jL tyf k"jf{u|x ®fvL c;To jf em'Ýf ljj®0f lbg], ufnL jf wDsL lbg] jf
sfof{nosf] ;do ® ;|f]t v]® hfg] u®L b'Mv lbg] lgotn] u'gf;f] ug]{ JolQmpk®
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf®jfxL x'g]5 .
!$= sfo{ljlwdf kl®dfh{g tyf ;+zf]wgM -!_ o; sfo{ljlwsf]
sfof{Gjogdf s'g} ;d:of b]lvPdf sfo{sf®L ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f® kl®df{hg
tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ of] sfo{ljlw cGo k|rlnt sfg"g;Fu aflemg uPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%= vf®]hL ® arfpM k'glg{df{0f ® k'g:yfkgf ;DaGwL u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&# vf®]h ul®Psf]5 . pQm sfo{ljlw cg';f® eP u®]sf sfd
sf®jfxLx¿ o;} sfoljlw adf]lhd eP u®]sf] dflgg]5 .
101
cg';"rL– !
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f sfo{qmd
u'gf;f] btf{ kmf®fd
!= u'gf;f] ug{ rfxg] JolQmsf] ljj®0f
gfd, y® M– nfnk"hf{ k|df0fkq g+============== hf®L ldltM
afa'sf] gfd, y®M gful®stf k|df0fkq g+============== hf®L ldltM
sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq
u'gf;f] kmf®fd qmd ;+Vof============= btf{ g+= =============
u'gf;f] btf{ :yfgM–lhNnf============= ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf============= j8f g+============== 6f]n÷j:tL=============
ldltM
131
102
@= cfkm" a;]sf] hUufsf] sfg"gL :jfldTj s] xf]<
!= lghL
@= ;+:yfut÷u'7L
#= ;®sf®L÷;fj{hlgs
$= cGo ===
#= u'gf;f]sf] lsl;d -nfu" x'g] hlt ;a}df lrGx nufpg]_ u'gf;f] ljj®0f ;+If]kdf pNn]v ug{]
afh]sf] gfd,y®M lhNnfM
hDdf kl®jf® ;+VofM ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsfM
;j{]If0f lg:;f g+= 6f]n÷j:tLM
;Dks{ kmf]g g+=
132
103
!= ;j{]If0f 5'6]sf]
@= ;j{]If0f ul®Psf] ljj®0f q'6Lk"0f{ ®x]sf]
#= Ps eGbf a9L JolQm 3®wgLsf] ¿kdf ®x]sf]
$= cfjZos sfuhft k]z ug{ g;lsPsf]
%= eTs]sf] 3® ®x]sf] hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf g®x]sf]
^= hUuf ;DaGwL cGo ;d:of
&= j:tL :yfgfGt®0f jf k'g{:yfkgf ug{'kg{]
*= cGo
v_ a}Fs vftf tyf e'QmfgL ;DaGwL
!= a}Fsdf vftf vf]Ng ;d:of ePsf]
@= a}Fs vftfdf ®sd hDdf gePsf]
#= a}Fs vftfdf kof{Kt ®sd hDdf gePsf]
$= cGo
u_ cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL
!= alg®x]sf] 3®sf] hfF;kf; ug{ ;d:of ePsf]
@= cfjf; cg'bfg lng' eGbf klxn] g} 3® agfPsf] ® hfFrkf;df ;d:of ePsf] .
#= cGo
3_ cGo u'gf;f]
!= =======================
@= ====================
104
$= u'gf;f]stf{ jf lghsf] kl®jf®sf] :jfldTjdf cGo :yfgdf cfjf;Lo 3®<
!= 5 @= 5}g
5 eg], 3®wgLsf] gfd 3® ®x]sf] lhNnfM ufpFkflnsf÷gu®kflnsf================
j8f g+=========== 6f]n==========
e"sDkkl5 3®sf] cj:yfM != Iflt gePsf] @= cfFlzs Iflt ePsf] #= k"0f{ Iflt
ePsf] .
%= u'gf;f] kmf®fd;Fu} k|df0f :j¿k k]; ul®Psf sfuhftx¿M
!= gful®stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk @= hUufwgL -nfnk"hf{_ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
#= ;j{]If0f lg:;f $= j;fO{ ;®fO{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk %= nfeu|fxL 3®wgL
jf®]zgfdf ^= cs{}sf] gfddf ePsf] hUufdf 3® lgdf{0fsf] nflu k"j{:jLs[lt &=
gftf k|dfl0ft k|df0fkq *= cGo -pNn]v ug{]_
u'gf;f] stf{sf] x:tfIf®M
ldlt
-;fdflhs kl®rfns l;kml®zstf{sf]_ gfd, y®==================== ldltM
x:tfIf®
105
sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq
qm=;+= btf{ ePsf]
u'gf;f]sf]
k|s[lt
u'gf;f]
;Daf]wg
ePsf]÷
gePsf]
ePsf] eP, u'gf;f]
;Daf]wg ug{]
lgsfo
gePsf] eP
l;kmfl®z
ul®Psf] lgsfo
dflyNnf]
lgsfodf
k7fPsf]
k|dfl0ft ug{]
clwsf®L
;Daf]wg
ePkl5 va®
u®]sf] jf
dflyNnf]
lgsfodf
k7fPsf] ldlt
!= s= eof]
v= ePg
u=l;kmfl®z
ul®Psf]
s= ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
s= ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
@= s= eof]
v= ePg
u=l;kmfl®z
ul®Psf]
s= ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
s= ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
#= s= eof]
v= ePg
u=l;kmfl®z
ul®Psf]
s=ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
s= ufpFkflnsf
v= gu®kflnsf
u= ®fli6«o
k'glg{df{0f
k|flws®0f
u'gf;f] ;Daf]wgsf] ljj®0f ==============================
;Daf]wg ug{] clwsf®Lsf] gfd, y® ========================
kb ================================ ldlt =======================
x:tfIf® ==================================
106
cg';"rL – @
g]kfn ;®sf®
®fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws®0f
cfjf; k'glg{df{0f sfo{qmd
u'gf;f] btf{ ®l;b
u'gf;f] btf{ g+= ===============================
u'gf;f] stf{sf] gfd ® y® =======================
;DalGwt nfeu|fxLsf] gfd ® y®M ======================
:yfoL 7]ufgfM==================================================
u'gf;f] btf{ ul®Psf] lgsfoM =================== lhNnfM ==================
ufpFkflnsf ÷gu®kflnsf ====================== j8f g+= =================
u'gf;f]sf] lsl;d ======================================
u'gf;f] btf{ ug{]sf] gfd ® y® ==================== kb =====================
x:tfIf®================================================ ldlt=====================
107
lghL cfjf; cg'bfg ljt/0f Pj+ k'glg{df{0f
;do ;Ldf tflnsf
®fli6«o k'lglg{df{0f k|flws®0fn] lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cg'bfg lng] clGtd
ldlt lglZrt u®]sf] 5 . lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] j}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f® k|flws®0fn] ;do
;Ldf tf]s]®} cg'bfg lng nfeu|fxLnfO{ cfu|x u®]sf] xf] .
k|flws®0fn] lgwf{®0f u®]sf] tflnsfcg';f® nfeu|fxLn] @)&% c;f® d;fGtleq
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ cg'bfg lnO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu cg'bfg ;Demf}tf eO{ 3® lgdf{0f z'? u®]sf] ;+Vof
sd ®x]sf] ;Gbe{df nfeu|fxLx¿af6 3® k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{df tLj|tf lbg] p2]Zon]
e"sDkk|efljt #! lhNnfd} nfu" x'g] u®L ;do;Ldf lgwf{®0f ul®Psf] xf]] .
lgwf{l®t tflnsfcg';f® klxrfg ePsf ;a} nfeu|fxLx¿n] cfufdL sflt{s
d;fGtleq cg'bfg ;Demf}tf u®L k|yd ls:tf lnO;Sg' kg]{5 .
o:t} @)&# k'; d;fGt;Dd k|yd ls:tf k|fKt u®]sf lghL 3®wgLn] @)&$ k';
d;fGt;Dd ® cfufdL sflQs d;fGtleq k|yd ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ nfeu|fxLn] cfufdL
r}q d;fGtleq} bf];|f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
o;}u®L @)&$ k'; d;fGtleq bf];|f] ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ lghL 3®wgLn] @)&% h]7
d;fGtleq t];|f] ls:tfsf] cg'bfg lnO;Sg' kg]{5 eg] @)&$ r}q d;fGtleq
bf];|f] ls:tf k|fKt ug]{ lghL 3®wgLn] @)&% c;f® d;fGt;Dd clGtd cyf{t t];|f]
ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg' kg]{ 5 .
@)&$ c;f® @* ut] ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] k|flws®0f
lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7sn] cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ tflnsf :jLs[t u®]kl5
k|flws®0fn] lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ;do ;Ldf tf]sL yk cleofgsf¿kdf
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u®]sf] xf] .
108
@)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf®L e"sDk ® To;kl5sf
k®fsDkx¿af6 Iflt k'u]sf #! lhNnfx¿sf e"sDkkLl8t lghL 3®wgL
nfeu|fxLn] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;do ;Ldfleq k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg
ug]{ u®L sfo{ ljj®0f ® ;do tflnsf o; k|sf® tf]lsPsf] 5 .
;do ;Ldfsf] ;f/f+z
kl5Nnf] tYofÍcg';f® lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ePsf ^
nfv #% xhf® @ ;o *( 3®w'®LdWo] ^ nfv )% xhf® # ;o *% 3®w'®Ln] klxnf]
ls:tf lnO;s] klg ^% xhf® P3f/ 3®w'®Ln] dfq bf];|f] ls:tf lnPsf 5g\ .
cg'bfg lnP klg 3® k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ug]{ Dofb gtf]ls+bf nfeu|fxLdf hlxn] lgdf{0f
z'? u®] klg x'G5 eGg] wf®0ff b]lvPsf sf®0f klg ;do ;Ldf lgwf{®0f ug{'kg]{ cj:yf
cfPsf] xf] .
k|flws®0fn] nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg'bfg lng] k|lqmofdf 9LnfO{ gxf]; eg]® cu|Ld ¿kd}
®sd k|efljt lhNnfdf k7fO;s]sf] 5 . tyflk, bf];|f] ® t];|f] ls:tf lng]sf] ;+Vof
pT;fxhgs ¿kdf cl3 ga9] kl5 cGttM ;do ;Ldf tf]s]®} cleofgsf ¿kdf sfo{qmd
z'? ul®Psf] xf] .
qm=;+= ljifo ;do ;Ldf
! cg'bfg ;Demf}tf u/L k|yd ls:tf k|fKt ug]
{ ;do cjlw
@)&$ sflt{s d;fGtleq
@ @)&# kf}if d;fGt;Dd k|yd ls:tf k|fKt ug]
{ nfeu|fxLn] bf]>f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg] ;do
cjlw
@)&$ kf}if d;fGtleq
# @)&$ c;f/ d;fGtleq k|yd ls:tf k|fKt
ug]{ nfeu|fxLn] bf]>f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg] ;do
cjlw
@)&$ r}q d;fGtleq
$ @)&$ kf}if d;fGtleq bf]>f] ls:tf k|fKt
ug]{ nfeu|fxLn] t]>f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg] ;do
cjlw
@)&$ h]i7 d;fGtleq
% @)&$ r}q d;fGtleq bf]>f] ls:tf k|fKt ug]
{ nfeu|fxLn] t]>f] ls:tf lnO{ ;Sg] ;do
cjlw
@)&% c;f/ d;fGtleq