Figure from Castillo and Zoback, 1995)

From Steinbrugge and Moran, BSSA, 1954

From Steinbrugge and Moran, BSSA, 1954

Photo: Southern Pacific Railroad     A view from the entrance of a railroad tunnel (designated "Tunnel No. 3") showing bent rails between two tunnels near a zone of intense fracturing along the White Wolf fault.

Photo: Southern Pacific Railroad     Inside Tunnel No. 3. A close-up not only of bent rails, but of an unusual phenomenon -- the rail is continuous underneath the tunnel wall, indicating that the wall lifted up enough for the rail to slide underneath.