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IntroductionThe body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton .

The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body.

It structure supports the muscles, blood vessels & nerves of the body .

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IntroductionAt many points on the skeleton bones

articulate with each other by means of joints .

These are supported by ligaments & moved by muscles that are attached to the bones by tendon .

Many bones of the skeleton protect important organs ( brain , heart &vital organs )

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Definition

A fracture consists of a break or crack in the

bone .

FRACTURE

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Causes Direct force; force is applied to the bone

cause fracture at the point of impact. Indirect force; where force or kinetic

energy, applied to a large, strong bone, is transmitted up the limb, causing the weakest bones to fracture.

Spontaneous or Pathological fractures Occur as a result of disease such as

carcinoma, osteogenesis, Pager’s disease ,infection and muscular spasms.

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Fractures ClassifiedOpen Complicated Closed

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Closed fractureThe first is a "simple fracture (( closed

fracture )). This refers to a

fracture in which the skin is intact and no wound is present anywhere near the fractured area.

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Open fracturecompound

fracture (( open fracture )).

" This term is used

when the underlying skin has been broken or damaged.

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Open fractureThis type of injury

may result in the bone protruding through the victim's skin or as a result of a direct blow that cuts the skin at the time of impact.

The bone itself may or may not be visible in the wounded area.

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Complicated fractureIs a complicated

fracture with damage to associated vital organs and major blood vessels as a result of the fracture .

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Types of fracture Simple fractureSpiral fractureTransverse fractureOblique fractureComminuted fractureGreenstick fracture

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Oblique fracture

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Greenstick fracture

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Spiral fracture

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Transverse fracture

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6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITE

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6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITE

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6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITES

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signs and symptoms Shock pale, cool, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse nausea pain at the site loss of power & function to limb deformity Edema Muscle spasm associated wound and blood loss associated organ damage

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first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture is Though fractures are rarely life

threatening it is recommended to check and monitor the victim’s airway . breathing circulation and to check for disabilities using your CPR.

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Check responses

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first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture

Treat the victim for shock if necessary.

If the person feels faint breathing is short. rapid breaths, lay the person down with the head

slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.

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first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture.…

Ask questions to determine how the accident occurred and the location of the injury.

This information will be valuable to trained medical personnel upon their arrival.

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first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture.…

Examine the injured area for swelling and/or deformities, lacerations and puncture wounds .

Gently feel along the length of the bone for tenderness, swelling and deformities.

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first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture………

Check the injured extremity for pulse.

A pulse less in arm or leg indicates an emergency requiring immediate surgical care.

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Apply ice packsTo limit swelling and help relieve

pain until emergency personnel arrive.

Don't apply ice directly to the skin — wrap the ice in a towel, piece of cloth or some other material.

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Stop any bleeding

Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing.

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Immobilize the injured areaDon't try to realign the bone, but if

you've been trained in how to splint and professional help isn't readily available, apply a splint to the area

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of fracture Treatment Principles

Initial Immobilization: prevents further damageaids in transportrelieves pain Splint them where they lieuse newspapers, magazines, pillows,

scarves, neck ties, belts…things around the house .

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Splinting common Splinting common fracturesfractures

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Ankle Fracture Wrist Fracture

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Hand fracture

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Splinting for a fractured collar bone

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Splinting for a fractured finger

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First Aid For Closed Fracture

Advise the victim to keep still.

support the in juried part with your hands, or ask a helper to do this , until it is immobilised.

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Cont ….First Aid For Closed FractureFor firmer support, bandage the

injured part to an unaffected part of the body.

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Cont ….First Aid For Closed FractureArrange to transport the victim to

hospital as necessary. Treat for shock if necessary by raising

the legs , don't raise the injured limb if this causes the victim more pain.

Check the circulation beyond a bandage every 10 minutes . if the circulation is impaired, loosen the bandage

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