Post on 19-Jan-2016
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Keith Lambkin – Chief Scientist Valentia Observatory UCD Class Trip 8th Oct 2010
From the Heights of Weather Balloonsto the Depths of Earthquakes
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ry Masters in Meteorology Class Field Trip to Masters in Meteorology Class Field Trip to Valentia Observatory 2010Valentia Observatory 2010
8th Oct 20108th Oct 2010 9:30 Welcome
Work done at Valentia Observatory (Talk) Keith Lambkin
11:00 Coffee Break 11:30 International Phenology Garden, Synoptic Observations
and Met Enclosure (Tour) Valentia Staff
11:50 Upper Air balloon launch and explanation of balloon launch equipment and tracking (Tour) Keith + Staff
12:30 Lunch 14:00 History of Valentia Observatory (Talk) Mike Crean
14:40 Tour of rest of Observatory [Magnetics, Seismology,Solar Radiation and Ozone monitoring] (Tour) Keith + Staff
16:00 Close
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ry Today
Valentia Observatory
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MetMet ÉireannÉireann
MeteorologyMeteorology GeophysicsGeophysics
Solar Radiation
Phenology
Valentia ObservatoryValentia Observatory
Ozone
Lightning
Aerosol
Pollution
Upper Air
Synoptic Met Geomagnetism
Seismology
Today
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ry Surface Measurements• Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature• Pressure• Wind Speed and Direction• Rainfall• Visibility• Cloud type and amount
Synoptic Meteorology
Synoptic codeDD9531700120320094125081705 10104 20092 30170 40207 57010 75052 886//333 86704 88706 92446555 3004 50098 6999 N0000=NNNN
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rySynoptic Meteorology
Synoptic Meteorology Summary
Standard meteorology parameters recorded
[Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature, Pressure, Wind Speed and Direction, Rainfall, Visibility, Cloud type and amount]
Why?
To supply a snapshot of the current weather situation, for forecast purposes
Climate record purposes
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ry • 4 Ascents per day at 06z, 12z, 18z and 00z
• Measuring Temperature, Humidity, Atmospheric pressure, Wind Speed and direction.
• Member of EUCOS (EUMETNET Composite Observing System ), GUAN (GCOS Upper Air Network)
• Navigational reference systems: LORAN C (LOng RAnge Navigation) and GPS
Upper Air
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ry Upper Air
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ry Upper Air
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ry Upper Air10th Oct 2008
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ryJames Reilly & Valentia Observatory
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ry Upper Air
Upper Air Summary
Valentia is the only place in the Republic of Ireland that launches upper air balloons for meteorological purposes
4 accents a day
Why?
To supply vertical profile data to forecast models
Used to calibrate satellite sensors
Provide Tephigram chart as a forecast analysis tool
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ryAir and Rainwater Pollution Monitoring
1.1. Air Monitoring:Air Monitoring:EMEP: NO2- (Nitrogen Dioxide) – daily measurementsEMEP: SO2- and SO4- (Sulphur Dioxide)
– using impregnated filters – daily measurements
2. Rainwater Sampling:2. Rainwater Sampling:EMEP : Na+, Ca+, K+, Mg+, NH4-N, Cl-,
NO3-N, SO4-S, Conductivity – daily
IAEA: Analysis – monthly
EPA: Heavy metals – monthly
pH: Daily
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NO2 Pollution levels in Europe (Jan 03 – Jun 04)
Air and Rainwater Pollution Monitoring
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ry • SO2 and SO4 since 1981 – most extensive record in Ireland.
• NO2 since 1989 – most extensive in Ireland
Air and Rainwater Pollution Monitoring
From Bashir and McGovern 2004
Annual average SOAnnual average SO22 levels for the period 1980 to 2002 at Valentia levels for the period 1980 to 2002 at Valentia
Steve Smith - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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ryAir and Rainwater Pollution Monitoring
Air & Rainwater Monitoring Summary
Valentia’s lab (& HQ Dublin lab) measures pollutants in Air and Rainwater
Why?
To provide excellent background count values for Europe
Monitor changes in pollution levels over Ireland
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Observed Phases at Valentia:
Beginning of leaf-unfolding General flowering
First ripe fruits Autumn coloring
Beginning of flowering Leaf fall
A B C D E F G H I
Photo: Eeva Kotilainen.
Phenology: the study of biological phase changes in Plants and Animals
Phenology
IPG & COST 725
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ryLength of Growing Season at Valentia Observatory
• Phenology used as indicator for climate change
• Most species now leaf earlier than in 1970
• An increase in 1oC average Spring temperature corresponds to an approx 7 day advance of the beginning of growing season
Phenology
Adapted from Donnelly, Salamin and Jones 2005
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ry IPCC 4th Assessment Report - 2007
Working Group II Report "Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Chapter 1: Assessment of Observed Changes and Responses in Natural and Managed Systems - Page 113
Phenology
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ryPhenology
Phenology Summary
Valentia Observatory records phase changes on a number of ‘cloned’ trees
Why?
Phenology can by used as a climate change indicator
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rySolar Radiation Measurements
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rySolar Radiation Measurements
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Valentia
Dublin Airport
Birr
Clones
Malin Head
Belmullet
Irish Primary Solar Radiation Network Irish TUCSON Solar Radiation Network
Solar Radiation Measurements
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rySolar Radiation Measurements
Solar / Terrestrial Radiation Summary
Valentia Observatory records ‘Direct’ ,‘Diffuse’ and ‘Global’ solar radiation
Calibrate Ireland’s Solar radiation network
Why?
Climate Records
Research
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ryGround Level OzoneGround Level Ozone Ozone
Analysis of surface ozone measurements at various sites over IrelandTripathi O.P., Jennings S.G., O’Dowd C.D., Coleman L., Leinert S., Moran E.Publication Pending in Journal of Geophysical Research
Ground Level Analyser
Environmental Protection Agency
National University of Ireland,
Galway
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ryBrewer Spectrophotometer #088
•Measures Total Column Ozone (DU)
• Spectral instrument
• Part of Global Ozone Observation System
• Automated / continuous measurements
• WOUDC & NDACC
Ozone
Total Column OzoneTotal Column Ozone
Tom McElroy, co-inventor (with Jim Kerr and David Wardle) of the Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer
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ryOzone
OzonesondesOzonesondes
Ozone Layer
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ryOzone
Evidence of increasing column ozone at a mid-latitude station at Valentia, Ireland (51.94o N, 10.23o W) observed through
ground based, satellite, and ozonesonde measurementsTripathi, O.P., Jennings S.G., O’Dowd, C.D., Lambkin K.P., Moran, E.
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335
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345
1950 1970 1990 2010
Years
Ozo
ne
in D
U
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
EE
SC
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pp
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Total Ozone
EESC
(1994 – 2009) 11-year running mean of data for the month of March
Level Ozonesonde Brewer Satellite
Total
+2.32±1.24 DU/year
+6.6±3.5 % per decade
+1.75±0.25 DU/year
+4.9±0.7% per decade
+1.84±0.25 DU/year
+5.1±0.7% per decade
Validation of OMI Total Column Ozone using Ground-Based Brewer ObservationsDimitris Balis, Ellen Brinksma, Mark Kroon, Vassilis Amiridis and Christos Zerefos
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ryOzone
Ozone Summary
Ground Level Ozone Network
Valentia Observatory records total column ozone -Brewer Spectrophotometer
Records vertical Ozone profile- Ozonesonde
Why?
GLO is a health risk for plants and animals
Monitor Ozone depletion
UV studies
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ryo Sferics : Radio Waves from lightning
flashes (10-14kHz)
o Arrival Time Difference (ATD) lightning location
o Range Single Antenna ~ 10,000 km
o Control centre Bracknell
o Tolerance set to only study significant flashes
o Location accuracy ~ 2 km over Europe
Lightning
ATDNET
Wetterzentrale
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ryLightning
Lightning Summary
Valentia Observatory has lightning detection antenna which forms part of a international network administrated by the British Met Office.
Why?
Provide forecasters with information on storm movements
Safety – Airports, ESB, Intel
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• World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) recommended to abandon Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements under the BAPMoN Programme
• World Optical Depth Research & Calibration Centre (WORCC) 1996
• Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR)
Aerosols
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ryAerosols
Aerosol Summary Valentia Observatory just started to measure & record Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
Potential for a super site
Why?
Provide reliable aerosol measurements
Initiate Climate Models
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ryGeomagnetism
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ryGeomagnetism
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Eoin Moran / Michael Crean
2005o Member of INTERMAGNET – since 2001
o Member of MagNetE – since 2003
Geomagnetism
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ry Starting in 1888 – Valentia is one of oldest operational magnetic observatories in the world
Figure 1. Westerly Declination at Valentia, Eskdalemuir and Hartland
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5
10
15
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25
1900.5 1910.5 1920.5 1930.5 1940.5 1950.5 1960.5 1970.5 1980.5 1990.5 2000.5
We
ste
rly D
eclin
atio
n (
de
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Valentia Eskdalemuir Hartland
Geomagnetism
Valentia Magnetic Data Used for:Ordnance Survey IrelandIrish Aviation AuthorityCompass CalibrationsSolar Wind Research
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ryGeomagnetism
Geomagnetism Summary
Valentia Observatory has one of the oldest continuous magnetic records in the world
Monitor the movement of the poles (secular variation)
Why?
Navigation (Ordnance Survey Ireland)
Aviation, Drilling
Research - Solar Wind
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rySeismology
www.astronomynotes.com
P S
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ryo 1962 – 1999: World Wide Standardised Seismographic Network station in conjunction with USGS
o 1999 to present: Broadband Seismic station in cooperation with DIAS
Seismology
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Where Valentia seismic data goes to:o DIAS (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies)o USGS & BGSo European – Mediterranean Seismological Centreo International Seismological Centreo Blacknest
Seismology
http://seiscomp.cp.dias.ie/slmon/gifs/VAL.active.gif
Tonga 20 Mar 2009 7.9 magnitude
HAITI 2010 January 12 21:53:10 UTC Magnitude 7.0
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rySeismology
Seismology Summary
Valentia Observatory continuously records seismic activity
Why?
Forms part of a seismic network used to measure location and strength of Earthquakes
Watchdog for Nuclear testing
Early warning system Earthquake / Tsunami (future)
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Thank You
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rySynoptic Meteorology
Synoptic Meteorology Summary
Standard meteorology parameters recorded
[Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature, Pressure, Wind Speed and Direction, Rainfall, Visibility, Cloud type and amount]
Why?
To supply a snapshot of the current weather situation, for forecast purposes
Climate record purposes
Vale
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ry Upper Air
Upper Air Summary
Valentia is the only place in the Republic of Ireland that launches upper air balloons for meteorological purposes
4 accents a day
Why?
To supply vertical profile data to forecast models
Used to calibrate satellite sensors
Provide Tephigram chart as a forecast analysis tool
Vale
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a O
bse
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ryAir and Rainwater Pollution Monitoring
Air & Rainwater Monitoring Summary
Valentia’s lab (& HQ Dublin lab) measures pollutants in Air and Rainwater
Why?
To provide excellent background count values for Europe
Monitor changes in pollution levels over Ireland
Vale
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a O
bse
rvato
ryPhenology
Phenology Summary
Valentia Observatory records phase changes on a number of ‘cloned’ trees
Why?
Phenology can by used as a climate change indicator
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rySolar Radiation Measurements
Solar / Terrestrial Radiation Summary
Valentia Observatory records ‘Direct’ ,‘Diffuse’ and ‘Global’ solar radiation
Calibrate Ireland’s Solar radiation network
Why?
Climate Records
Research
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ryOzone
Ozone Summary
Ground Level Ozone Network
Valentia Observatory records total column ozone -Brewer Spectrophotometer
Records vertical Ozone profile- Ozonesonde
Why?
GLO is a health risk for plants and animals
Monitor Ozone depletion
UV studies
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ryLightning
Lightning Summary
Valentia Observatory has lightning detection antenna which forms part of a international network administrated by the British Met Office.
Why?
Provide forecasters with information on storm movements
Safety – Airports, ESB, Intel
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ryAerosols
Aerosol Summary Valentia Observatory just started to measure & record Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
Potential for a super site
Why?
Provide reliable aerosol measurements
Initiate Climate Models
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ryGeomagnetism
Geomagnetism Summary
Valentia Observatory has one of the oldest continuous magnetic records in the world
Monitor the movement of the poles (secular variation)
Why?
Navigation (Ordnance Survey Ireland)
Aviation, Drilling
Research - Solar Wind
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rySeismology
Seismology Summary
Valentia Observatory continuously records seismic activity
Why?
Forms part of a seismic network used to measure location and strength of Earthquakes
Watchdog for Nuclear testing
Early warning system Earthquake / Tsunami (future)