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Kaoru Ishikawa

• Was born July 13, 1915, oldest of eight sons of Ichiro Ishikawa

• Died on April 16, 1989• Was a Japanese university

professor and quality management guru best known to the outside world for the Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram (also known as fishbone diagram) that is used in the analysis of industrial processes.

Kaoru Ishikawa• Graduated in 1939 from

University of Tokyo with an engineering degree in applied chemistry.

• First job was as a naval technical officer (till 1941) then moved on to work at the Nissan Liquid Fuel Company.

Kaoru Ishikawa• In 1947 Ishikawa started

his career as an associate professor at the University of Tokyo. He later undertook the presidency of the Musashi Institute of Technology in 1978.

• In 1949, Ishikawa joined the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers’ (JUSE) quality control research group.

Kaoru Ishikawa• It was his leadership skills

that was largely responsible for Japan's quality-improvement initiatives.

• He translated, integrated and expanded the quality concepts of Deming and Juran into the Japanese system.

Contributions to Quality

• User Friendly Quality Control• Fishbone Cause and Effect

Diagram - Ishikawa diagram• Implementation of Quality Circles• Emphasised the Internal

customer• Shared Vision

Contributions to Quality• According to Ishikawa,

– quality improvement is a continuous process, and it can always be taken one step further

• Ishikawa also showed the importance of the seven quality tools: – control chart, run chart, histogram, scatter

diagram, Pareto chart, and flowchart.

• Another area of quality improvement that Ishikawa emphasized is quality throughout a product's life cycle.– not just during production

Contributions to Quality

• Ishikawa expanded Deming's four steps into the following six: – Determine goals and targets.– Determine methods of reaching goals.– Engage in education and training.– Implement work.– Check the effects of implementation.– Take appropriate action.

Contributions to Quality

The Fishbone Diagram

The Fishbone Diagram

• the brainchild of Kaoru Ishikawa• first used in the 1960s• considered one of the seven basic tools

of quality management, along with the histogram, Pareto chart, check sheet, control chart, flowchart, and scatter diagram

• known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.

The Fishbone Diagram

•Causes in the diagram are often based around a certain category or set of causes such as:–6 M's;–8 P's, or–4 S's

The 6 M’s

• Machine• Method• Materials• Measurement• Man• Mother Nature (Environment)

– (recommended for manufacturing industry).

The 8 P's

• Price• Promotion• People • Processes

• Place / Plant,• Policies• Procedures• Product (or Service)

(recommended for administration and service industry).

The 4 S’s

• Surroundings• Suppliers• Systems• Skills

– (recommended for service industry).

To successfully build a cause and effect diagram:

1. Be sure everyone agrees on the effect or problem statement before beginning.

2. Be succinct.3. For each node, think what could be

its causes. Add them to the tree.4. Pursue each line of causality back

to its root cause.

To successfully build a cause and effect diagram:

5. Consider grafting relatively empty branches onto others.

6. Consider splitting up overcrowded branches.

7. Consider which root causes are most likely to merit further investigation

Quality Circles

• developed in Japan in 1962 by Kaoru Ishikawa as a method to improve quality

• A volunteer group of employees from the same work area who meet together to discuss workplace improvement

• The ideal size of a quality circle is from eight to ten members.

A typical Quality Circle group will display a good approach to:

• Analyzing the context of a problems and its situation

• Define exactly what the problem is and the relationship between its component parts

• Identify and verify that the causes are indeed causes, ensuring that solutions address the real problem

•Define, quantify and measure the impact of a given problem

•Understand the quality objectives

•Create a solution to a given problem

A typical Quality Circle group will display a good approach to:

Different Quality Circle Tools

• The Ishikawa diagram– which shows hierarchies of causes

contributing to a problem

• The Pareto Chart– which analyses different causes by

frequency to illustrate the vital cause

• The PDCA-Deming wheel– Plan, Do, Check, Act, as described by

W. Edwards Deming

Awards and Recognition

• 1972: American Society for Quality's Eugene L. Grant Award

• 1977: Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese Government for achievements in industrial standardization

• 1982: Walter A. Shewhart Medal• 1988: Awarded the Order of the Sacred

Treasures, Second Class, by the Japanese government.

Books of Ishikawa

• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1980) [original Japanese ed. 1970]. QC Circle Koryo : General Principles of the QC Circle. Tokyo: QC Circle Headquarters, Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers.

• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985). How to Operate QC Circle Activities. Tokyo: QC Circle Headquarters, Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers.

Books of Ishikawa• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1985) [First published in

Japanese 1981]. What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way [Originally titled: TQC towa Nanika—Nipponteki Hinshitsu Kanri]. D. J. Lu (trans.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-952433-9.

• Ishikawa, Kaoru (1990). Introduction to Quality Control. J. H. Loftus (trans.).Tokyo: 3A Corporation. ISBN 4-906224-61-X. OCLC 61341428

References

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaoru_Ishikawa

•http://palmirablog.wordpress.com/qualitys-gurus/

•http://www.skymark.com/resources/leaders/ishikawa.asp