Karura Forest Strategic Management Plan

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APPROVALThisStrategicManagementPlanisherebyapproved;itsimplementationwillbeguidedbythesigned Forest Joint Management Agreement between KFS and the Friends of KaruraCommunityForestAssociationandwillbebasedonapprovedannualworkplans.

Theplanmaybeamendedasneedarisesthroughmutualagreementofbothparties.

EmilioN.Mugo

Director,KenyaForestService

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DEDICATIONThismanagementplanisdedicatedtothelateProfessorWangariMaathai,NobelPeacePrizelaureateandfounderoftheGreenBeltMovement.ProfessorMaathaiisinternationallyrecognizedforherpersistentstrugglefordemocracy,humanrightsandenvironmentalconservation.Inthe1990s,ProfessorMaathaichallengedaplannedsettlementinKaruraForestReserve,riskingjailandbodilyharmtopreservetheforestforgenerationstocome.IfnotforProfessorMaathai'svindicationandbravery,thetreesandtheirecosystemwouldnotbethere.

"Ihaveinvested20yearsofmylifeinthiscampaignfortheenvironmentandI'mstillonlyscratchingthesurface.Iamconfidentofwinning.Nobodywillbuildanything[intheforest]aslongaswelive.Wecannotdignifytheft."

Prof.WagariMaathai,rededicatingherselftothefighttosaveKaruraForest,Nairobi,2001

BytheLocalPlanRevisingCommittee

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FOREWORDKaruraForestReserveissituatedintheoutskirtsofKenya'scapitalcity,Nairobi.ThisremarkablegeographicallocationgivestheforestauniqueroleinNairobiandKenya.Thedensepopulationsurroundingtheforest,includingtwoinformalsettlementsandseveralmoreaffluentareas,hasledtohighdemandsonforestresources.Thesedemandsinclude;fuelwood,water,beekeeping,ecotourismandrecreation.TheForestsAct2005andthedraftForestpolicyhaveusheredinanewerainforestmanagementinKenya,withadispensationthatallowstheinvolvementofforestadjacentcommunitiesintheirmanagement.ThisfollowsasimilarshiftinlegislativechangeinotherEastAfricancountries,suchas,TanzaniaandUganda.Contrarytopastpracticewheremanagementwascentralised,manycountriesaroundtheworldhaveembracedaparticipatoryapproachtothemanagementofforests,andthepracticeisnowwidelyregardedastheacceptablewayofmanagingnaturalresources.

Akeyrequirementofthenewdispensationisthatallforestswillhenceforthbemanagedinaccordancewithamanagementplan.IntheParticipatoryForestManagementcontext,stakeholdersareexpectedtoprepareaParticipatoryForestManagementPlantoguidetheprocessofmanagingtheresourcesoftheforest.Thisisaprocessthatinvolvesaplanningteamdrawnfromallkeystakeholders.KenyaForestService(KFS),FriendsofKaruraForestCFA(FKF)andtheNairobiConservancyForestConservationCommittee(NCFCC)hadcollaboratedinordertopreparethefirstmanagementplanforKaruraforestastheyhavetodraftthissecondmanagementplan

Itishopedthatbyitsadoption,sustainablemanagementoftheKaruraForestReservewillcontinuetoberealized.IthankFKFforthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeinconservingKaruraForestandgivingasterlingexampleofproperforestconservationandmanagement.IlookforwardtoevenmorecooperationandgrowthunderthejointmanagementplanwithFKF.MyvisionfortheServiceundermystewardshipistopromotecooperationandcollaborationparticularlyunderthedevolvedCountystructurestoensuresmoothoperationsinmanagementofforestryresources,whilefocusingonincreasingnetforestcover.ItsmyhopethattheFKFexperiencewillbereplicatedinotherforests.

EmilioN.Mugo

Director,KenyaForestService

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThedevelopmentofthisStrategicManagementPlanhasbeenacombinedeffortofdifferentstakeholdersthatincludedtheKenyaForestService(KFS),thecommunityandFriendsofKaruraForestCFA(FKF).

TheLocalPlanRevisingCommittee(LPRC),wouldliketoappreciatethecontributionofMr.JohnMacharia,theHeadofManagementplanssection,whoseofficeprovidedtheguidelinesforrevisingmanagementplansandalsofororganizingandimprovingtheinitialdraft.TheLPRCwouldalsowishtoacknowledgetheeffortsofMrs.CharityMunyasya,HeadofNairobiConservancy,Mr.StephenW.Kahunyo,EcosystemConservatorNairobi,hisDeputy,Mrs.JoyceNthukuandMr.JohnOrwa,theForeststationmanagerfortheirinvaluableadvicethroughouttheplanningprocess.

SpecialmentiongoestoMr.DzimujiKambaragefromtheManagementplanssection,Mrs.CristinaBoelckeandMrs.ChantalMariottefromtheFriendsofKaruraCFA(FKF),whoputupinvaluabletimeandefforttomaketheproductionofthisplanasuccess.

Whileitwouldbedifficulttomentioneachandeverystakeholderwhoinonewayortheothertookpartinthisnoblework,alltheireffortsarehighlyappreciatedandacknowledged.

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EXECUTIVESUMMARYThisisthesecondstrategicmanagementplanforKaruraForestcoveringanareaof1041.3haandiscomprisedoftwoblocksnamelyKarura(includingMazingira)andSigiria.Itwillbeimplementedoveraperiodoffiveyears.Thisisanurbanforestandcatersforawideclientelewhosedemandsrangefromsubsistenceneedstorecreationandaesthetics,forthepoorandaffluentrespectively.Mostoftheobjectivesofthefirststrategicmanagementplanhavebeensuccessfullyachieved.

ThevisionoftheplanistokeepKaruraForestsafeandsecure,andaworldclassexampleofsustainableforestmanagementandconservation.

ThegoaloftheplanistoachieveandsustainawellconservedKaruraForestthroughstakeholder'sparticipationforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicesforthecityresidentsandbeyond.

Theplanisjustifiedinthatitwillbetheframeworktomoderatetheparticipationofstakeholders,besidesensuringthattheimplementationleadstosustainablemanagementoftheforest.Inordertoachievethese,theforesthasbeendividedintofourzonesnamely;naturalforest,wetlands,plantationsanddevelopedareas,eachofwhichisputunderadifferentmanagementregime.

Thethreatsandconstraintstotheconservationoftheforestinclude:

d)DuetotheprimelocationofKaruraForest,therehasbeen,andcontinuestobepressurefromdeveloperstoclaimforestlandforbuilding;

e)Thethreatposedbygreedypotentialdevelopersclaimingpartsoftheforest;

f)Theforestissusceptibletoforestfiresduringdryperiods;and,

g)Lantanacamaraandotherinvasiveweedsgrowtoovigorously,endangeringindigenousplantsandtrees.

TheoverallobjectiveoftheplanistohaveKaruraForestmanagedandsustainablyconservedforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicestoNairobiresidentsandbeyond.Thespecificmanagementobjectivesthatwillguidetheimplementationoftheplanare:

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1)TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement;

2)Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement;

3)Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofallthroughthecontinualprotectionoftheforestfromanyhighimpactdevelopmentotherthanforestryactivitiesand,ensuringecotourismproposalsareinthebestinterestoftheforest;

4)Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities;

5)Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry;

6)Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment;and,

7)Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan.

Theplanfurtherprovidesformonitoringandevaluationoftheplannedactivities,anditsrevision.

LISTOFACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS

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AFEW AfricanFundforEndangeredWildlife

Art. Article

BIEA BritishInstituteinEasternAfrica

BP BritishPetroleum

CBOs CommunityBasedOrganizations

CFA CommunityForestAssociation

CID CriminalInvestigationDepartment

CSR CorporateSocialResponsibility

FCC ForestConservationCommittee

FKF FriendsofKarura

FMA ForestManagementAgreement

ICIPE InternationalCentreofInsectPhysiologyandEcology

ICRAF InternationalCentreforResearchinAgroforestry/WorldAgroforestryCentre

IUCN InternationalUnionforConservationofNature

JMC JointManagementCommittee

KEFRI KenyaForestryResearchInstitute

KFEET KaruraForestEnvironmentalEducationalTrust

KPMG KlynveldPeatMarwickGoerdeler

L.N. LegalNotice

M&E MonitoringandEvaluation

NBEs NatureBasedEnterprises

NMK NationalMuseumsofKenya

Proc. Proclamation

SMP StrategicManagementPlan

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SUB-COMP SubCompartment

UN UnitedNations

UNEP UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme

UNON UnitedNationsOffice,Nairobi

TableofContentsAPPROVAL..................................................................................................................................................ii

DEDICATION..............................................................................................................................................iii

FOREWORD...............................................................................................................................................iv

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................v

EXECUTIVESUMMARY.............................................................................................................................vi

LISTOFACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................viii

LISTOFFIGURES.......................................................................................................................................xii

LISTOFPLATES.........................................................................................................................................xii

1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1

1.1 TITLEOFTHEPLAN...................................................................................................................1

1.2 VISION........................................................................................................................................1

1.3 GOAL...........................................................................................................................................1

1.4 PURPOSE....................................................................................................................................1

1.5 JUSTIFICATION..........................................................................................................................1

1.6 IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN...........................................................................................2

1.7 PLANPERIOD.............................................................................................................................2

1.8 AMMENDMENTSANDREVISIONOFTHEPLAN...................................................................2

1.9 FUNDINGFORTHEPLAN.........................................................................................................2

2.0 DESCRIPTIONOFTHEFOREST....................................................................................................3

2.1 LEGALSTATUS...........................................................................................................................3

2.2 GEOGRAPHICLOCATION.........................................................................................................4

2.3 BIOPHYSICALDESCRIPTION....................................................................................................7

2.4 HISTORYOFKARURAFOREST...............................................................................................12

2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMICSTATUSANDASSESSMENTOFTHEFORESTCOMMUNITY............13

2.6 STAKEHOLDERANALYSIS.......................................................................................................14

2.7 THREATSFACINGTHEFOREST..............................................................................................19

3.0 PLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS...................................................................................................20

3.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................20

3.2 RELEVANTPOLICIESANDLEGALFRAMEWORK.................................................................20

3.3 STRATEGIES..............................................................................................................................27

3.4 INTERNATIONALANDREGIONALAGREEMENTSANDTREATIES....................................28

3.5 IMPORTANCEOFKARURAFOREST......................................................................................30

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3.6 CONSERVATIONCHALLENGES..............................................................................................36

3.7 FORESTZONATION.................................................................................................................36

4.0 MANAGEMENTPROGRAMMES...............................................................................................38

4.1 REHABILITATIONANDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME.....................................................38

4.2 PARTICIPATORYFORESTMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME.................................................44

4.3 FORESTSAFETYANDSECURITYPROGRAMME..................................................................46

4.4 LOCALCOMMUNITIES'LIVELIHOODSPROGRAMME........................................................49

4.5 ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION,ECOTOURISMANDRESEARCHPROGRAMME...........51

4.6 INFRASTRUCTURE,VEHICES,MACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTPROGRAMME...............54

4.7 HUMANRESOURCESPROGRAMME....................................................................................59

5.0 PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT.................................................61

5.1 PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDSUSTAINABILITY...............................................................61

5.2 FINANCIALMANAGEMENT...................................................................................................61

5.3 RESOURCEMOBILIZATION....................................................................................................61

5.4 FUNDRAISINGSTRATEGIES...................................................................................................63

5.5 GUIDINGPRINCIPLESFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN..................................63

5.6 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT...........................................................................64

5.7 PLANMONITORINGANDEVALUATION..............................................................................65

6.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................69

7.0 APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................71

7.1 APPENDIX1:INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSFORPLANIMPLEMENTATION..........71

7.2 APPENDIX2:DETAILSOFTHEPLANTATIONSWITHINKARURA(2008NRMDATA)....72

7.3 APPENDIX3:MANDATEOFTHEKARURAJOINTMANAGEMENTCOMMITTEE............73

7.4 APPENDIX4:KENYAFORESTSERVICE(KFS)ANDFRIENDSOFKARURAFOREST(FKF)-STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENTPOLICYFORTREEPLANTINGINKARURAFOREST.......75

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LISTOFFIGURESFigure1:KaruraForestestablishments&Geographicallocation 5

Figure2:KaruraForestdrainage 9

Figure3:EcotourismsitesinKaruraForest 11

Figure4:KaruraForestroadnetwork 55

Figure5:KaruraForestcovertypemap 55

LISTOFPLATESPlate1:Astreamintheforest 9

Plate2:Acaveintheforest 31

Plate3:Amatureplantationintheforest 32

Plate4:Awaterfallintheforest 33

Plate5:Signageonthefamilytrail 34

Plate6:Oneofthetrailsintheforest 34

Plate7:Arehabilitationactivityintheforest 40

Plate8:KaruraForestTreeNursery 41

Plate9:Bambooplantingonthebanksofthestreamsintheforest 42

LISTOFTABLES

Table1:HistoryofalterationofboundariesofKaruraForestReserve 3

Table2:DistributionoftheareaofKaruraForest 5

Table3:KaruraForestAreaStatementbasedontheRapidProportionalSurvey,2010 7

Table4:Stakeholders'rolesandresponsibilities 15

Table5:Zonationcriteria(2010-2014) 37

Table6:Summaryofmanagementactionsforrehabilitationandmanagementprogramme 43

Table7:SummaryofmanagementactionsfortheParticipatoryforestmanagementprogramme..45

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Table8:SummaryofmanagementactionsforForestprotectionandsecurityprogramme 47

Table9:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthelocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovementprogramme 50

Table10:Summaryofmanagementactionsforenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchprogramme 53

Table11:Summaryofmanagementactionsfortheinfrastructure,vehicles,machineryandequipmentprogramme 58

Table12:StaffstrengthinKaruraforest 59

Table13:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthehumanresourcesprogramme 60

Table14:Karuraforeststationrevenuecollectionfortheperiod2010to2015 61

Table15:Revenuesfromgates,picnicsandotherevents 62

Table16:Summaryofnegativeimpactsandmitigationmeasuresofplannedactivities 64

Table17:Monitoringindicators 66

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INTRODUCTION

ThisisthemanagementplanforKaruraForestcoveringanareaof1,041.3Ha.Theforestcomprisestwoblocks,namelyKarura(whichincludesMazingira)andSigiria,andhousestheKenyaForestServiceHeadquarters.TheforestcomprisesofbothnaturalforestandplantationsandisanurbanforestinthecapitalcityofNairobi.

1. TITLEOFTHEPLANThetitleoftheplanis:KaruraForestStrategicManagementPlan(2016-2020).

2. VISION

TomakeKaruraForestaworldclassexampleofasustainablymanagedandconservedforestreservewhichissecureandsafe.

3. GOALToachieveandsustainawellconservedKaruraForestthroughstakeholder'sparticipationforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicesfortheresidentsofNairobiandbeyond..

4. PURPOSEForestsprovideessentialservicestoKenyaandtheworld,includingsoilandwaterconservationandtheproductionofwood.ThefirststrategicmanagementplanforKarurawasdraftedincollaborationwithlocalcommunitiesandrelevantstakeholders.Thisaddedvaluetoforestservicesenhancedcooperationwiththelocalcommunitiesandledtobetterconservationofthisimportantnaturalresource.ThesecondStrategicManagementPlan2016-2020isintendedtooutlinetheactivitiestobecarriedoutincompliancewithkeyregulatoryandpolicydocuments,suchastheForestsAct,SessionalPaper9,2005,theconservationandmanagementofforestsbill2015.Inaddition,thismanagementplanwillbeinlinewith,andcontributetotheKenyaForestService'sthreeyearStrategicPlan(2014-2017).

5. JUSTIFICATIONForthelast5years,KaruraForestReservehasbeenverysuccessfullymanagedaccordingtoitsfirststrategicmanagementplan.PreviouslytheForestDepartment,theprecursorofKFS,wasresponsibleforallmanagementactionsandwasnotobligedtoconsultwithotherstakeholders.Thiswasbecausetherewasnolegalprovisiontoallowfortheactiveinvolvementandparticipationofstakeholdersinforestmanagement.Itisduringthisperiod(inthe90s)thatattemptsweremadetoexcisevastareasoftheforestduetolackofstakeholderparticipation.Thefirststrategicmanagementplanhasindicatedthatthemanagementoftheforestshouldbedriventowardsachievementofadefinedlong-termvisionfortheforest,andthemanagementdecisionsshouldn'tbemadebasedoncurrent

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considerations,orinfluencedbyfactorsotherthanthelongtermsustainabilityoftheresource.AccordingtotheForestsActsection35,allforestsmustbemanagedinaccordancewithamanagementplanandKaruraForestReserveisaprimeexampleofawell-designedandsuccessfullyimplementedstrategicmanagementplan.ThisSMPidentifiesallthestakeholders,theirrolesandresponsibilities.Todate,awidenumberofstakeholdershaveworkedwithKFSandFKFintheforest.Theyhavecommittedthemselvestothegoalsandvisionoutlinedinthissecondmanagementplan.Bycreatingamanagementplanthatisagreeduponanddevelopedinanon-goingprocess,anefficientandcohesivemanagementoftheforestcanbeachieved.Thisapproachalsoensuresthesustainabilityoftheforest,asactivitiesaregearedtowardstheachievementofdefinedobjectivesintheshort-termandtheplannedfuture.

6. IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLANTheSMPshallbeimplementedbytheKFSandFKF.AllactivitiesintheforestmustbeapprovedbytheKFS/FKFJointManagementCommittee.

7. PLANPERIODThisplancoversafiveyearperiodstartingfrom2016-2020.

8. AMENDMENTSANDREVISIONOFTHEPLANAconsultationprocesswasundertakeninthedevelopmentandrevisionofthesecondmanagementplan,withkeystakeholderscontributingtoitsfinalform.AnydevelopmentorprojectoutsidethisplanmustbeapprovedbytheFCCandtheKFSboard.

9. FUNDINGFORTHEPLANThefundingoftheSMPwillcomefromaccruedrevenue,KFSanddonorsupport.

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1. DESCRIPTIONOFTHEFOREST

1. LEGALSTATUSKarura Forest Reserve was originally gazetted in 1932 through Proclamation No. 44. TheForestbecameaCentralGovernmentForestReservein1964,throughLegalNotice174.KaruraForestReserveisjointlymanagedbytheKenyaForestServiceandFKFCFAundertheForestsActof2005throughthejointmanagementcommittee.

1. ExcisionsandAdditionsSince itsestablishment in1932,theforesthasbeenaffectedby5excisionstotalingapprox.114Ha.Table1:HistoryofalterationofboundariesofKaruraForestReserveYear Proclamation/

LegalNoticeAction Area

affectedTotalarea

1932 Proc.44/1932 EstablishmentofKaruraForestReserve 1062.7Ha 1062.7Ha

1951 Proc.15/1951 Excision -1.6Ha 1061.1Ha1954 Proc.30/1954 Addition +1.6Ha 1062.7Ha1956 L.N.289/1956 Excision -18.6Ha 1044.1Ha1964 L.N.174/1964 Declarationascentralforest 1044.1Ha

1986 L.N.310/5.12.1986 Excision -2.78Ha 1041.3Ha1993 L.N.301/24.9.1993 Excision.>Exchange

Addition>-5.86Ha+5.63Ha

1041.3Ha

(Source-AsperKFSsurveyrecords)Overtheyears,gazettedforestlandinKarurahasbeenallocatedtonationalandinternationalpublicinstitutions.Theyinclude:•CriminalInvestigationDepartment(CID)headquarters(9.0Ha);•NationalSecurityandIntelligenceService(NSIS)headquarters(5.8Ha);and,•WorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF)headquarters(3.0Ha).Forestlandhasalsobeenleasedtocorporateentities:•MuthaigaGolfClub(21.8Ha);and,•BPShellSportsClub(6.0Ha).

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TheKaruraForestisthehosttotheheadquartersoftheKenyaForestServiceandKFSresidentialarea.

2. GEOGRAPHICLOCATIONKaruraForestReserveissituatedinthenorthernpartofNairobiMunicipality.ItformspartoftheNairobiriverbasin.TheForestcomprisesthreesectionsseparatedbytheLimuruRoadandtheKiambuRoad.ThesouthernboundaryoftheforestliesmainlyalongtheGetathuruRiver(althoughthewesternsectionofthethreepartsincludesanareabelowthisriver).TheWesternSection(knownasSigiria)isdelineatedbyacutandbeaconedlinealongitsboundarywiththeresidentialareaofNewMuthaigatotheWest,theresidentialareasofGigiri/RosslyntotheNorth(alongtheThigiruRiver-atributaryoftheGetathuruRiver),LimuruRoadtotheEastandtheGetathuruRivertotheSouth.TheMiddleSectionisboundedbyacutandbeaconedlinealongLimuruRoad,theresidentialareaofMuthaigaNorthandRundatothewest,RuiRuakaRiver,Hurumavillage,aroad,andfarmlandtothenorth,KiambuRoadtotheeastandGetathuruRiver1tothesouth.TheEasternSection(Mazingira)isboundedbytheKiambuRoadtoitswest,ThikaRoadtotheeast,andMuthaigaGolfClubtothesouth(towhichityieldsanextension).

1. ForestmanagementunitsThe forest is divided into two blocks jointly managed by KFS and FKF via the forestmanagementcommittee.Thereusedtobethreeoutposts.OnlyoneremainsatLimurugatewhiletwowereabandoned,namelytheoneinSigiriaduetooldageandtheothernexttoBPShellClubduetoinsecurity.Table2:DistributionoftheareaofKaruraForestBlock Area(Ha) Remarks Karura&EasternSalient(Mazingira)

797.3Ha ThisisthelargestblockandhousestheKFSHeadquarters

Sigiria 244Ha Thisblockhasalargemarshland.Itisiswellprotectedbytheadjacentup-marketresidentialareas.

Total 1,041.3

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Figure1:KaruraForestestablishmentsandgeographicallocation

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TheareaoftheforestisfurthersubdividedasshowninTable3below.The"Other"categoryalsocoversalltheareaoccupiedbybuildings,treenurseriesandotherfacilities.

Forest Block

Indigenous Forest (*)

Exotic Plantation

Degraded Indigenous (unstocked)

Planted Abandoned

Planted Managed

Grassland Wetland Other Total

Karura 212 266 35 45.8 63.5 11.5 59.2 (**) 693.0 Masingira 25 0 0 0 0 0 79.3 (***) 104.3 Sigiria 20 195 8.5 0 8.7 11.8 0 244.0 Total 257 461 43.5 45.8 72.2 23.3 138.5 1,041.3 Percent 25% 44% 4% 4% 7% 2% 13% 100%

Table3:KaruraForestAreasbasedontheKFS-FKFRapidProportionalSurvey,2010,anddetailedmapfeatureupdatesfromGoogleEarth2015.NotethatthemainKarurablockandtheMasingira(EasternSalient)blocksumto797.3haintotal.(*)TheseareasincludepatchesofLantanacamara.(**)Includestheareasoccupiedbybuildings,treenurseries,the7.0haRangerVillageaswellas4.7haofindigenousMuhuguwiththeKFSHeadquartersenclave.(***)IncludesMuthaigaGolfClub,CIDheadquarters,NSIS,MadaHotel,etc.

3. BIOPHYSICALDESCRIPTION1. Topography

ThetopographyofKaruraisgentlyrolling,occasionedbyshallowvalleys.Drainageisgenerallyinthesoutherlyandeasterndirection.SusceptibledepressionsintheWesternSectionofKarura(previouslycalledSigiriaforest)holdsmalllocalswampswhicharethreatenedbyeucalyptustrees.

2. ClimateTheclimateofKaruraForestischaracterisedbytwowetseasons:April-JuneandOctober-December.JulytoAugustisacold,cloudybutdryperiod.FromAugusttoOctoberisasunnyanddryperiod.January,FebruaryandearlyMarcharehot,drymonths.TheaverageannualrainfallatKaruraForestStationwasrecordedoverthepast10yearsas928.3mmwithamaximumof1,239.9mmandaminimumof345.0mm.InNovember2015,KaruraexperiencedthehighestNovembermonthlyrainfallrecordedsince1945at590mm.Temperaturesremainconstantthroughouttheyearandvaryroughlywiththetimesofcloudandsunshinebetween8and28C.

3. Geology

TheKaruraForestliesovertertiaryvolcanicrocks.Volcanictuffswithintercalatedflowsofbasalticlarvaarethecommonforms.Bothtypesareoccasionallyexposedinthedeeperrivervalleys,andthetuffsyieldthecommongreybuildingstoneoftheNairobidistrict.Occasionally

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"Chimneys"oflarvaarefoundexposedonthetopsandridesofridgesasintheboththeWesternsectionandMiddlesectionofKarura.

4. Soils

Theareahassufferedverylittletectonicorotherdisturbancessincetertiarytimes,andthustheparentrockshavebeenweatheredtogreatdepthsandgivingveryevensoilprofiles.Undernaturalforesttheresultingsoilisverydeep;riddingbrownclayeyloamwithslowbutfreeprofiledrainage.Suchsoilsbecomeverystickywhenwetbutdryveryquicklyandtendtoshrinkandcrack.Theupperfewinchesofsoilareusuallystaineddarkbrownwithincorporatedhumus,butnodeeplitterlayerdevelops.

Undergrasslandinfreelydrainedareas,thesoilisverysimilartothatunderforeststands,butinthelowlyingareasadifferentsoilisfound.Theselowlyingareasareintermittentlywaterlogged,andthewatertablefluctuatesgreatly,andasmallamountoffinesoilmaterialisusuallycarriedinfromneighbouringhigherground.Undersuchconditions,thesoilisusuallyveryheavy,darkgreyclay,oftenstainedblackwithun-decomposedhumus"BlackCottonSoils".Atvaryingdepthsbelowthisclaylayer,from2"to3ft.belowthesurface,redbrownlateriteisfound.Itisarecemenationproduct,richinironcompounds,associatedwithswampyareashavingashiftingwatertable.

Laterite,locallyknownas‘murram'isausefulgravelforroadmaintenance.Anotherformof‘murram'ispartiallydecomposedparentrock,andmaybefoundatthefootofnearlyallsoilprofileswheretherockissufficientlynearthesurfaceforittobeexcavated.Thisformof‘murram'isalsopopularforroadsurfacing,butislesssatisfactorythanlaterite.

Generallyspeaking,KaruraForestsoilsareeminentlysuitedtotreegrowth,withassisteddrainageinthecaseofswampysites.

5. HydrologyandDrainage

FivetributariesofNairobiRiverpassthroughKaruraForestReserve.Theseare:1. TheRuakaRiverwhichseparatesKaruraRiverandtheRundaResidentialarea;

2. TheKaruraRiverwithtraversesthroughtheforest;

3. TheGitathuruRiverwhichborderstheForestalongitsSouthernedgewith

MuthaigaResidentialarea;

1. TheThigiriRiver(atributaryofGetathuruRiver)whichtraversedthroughthewesternsectionofKaruraForest;and

2. TheMathareriverwhichispartoftheSouthernboundaryoftheSigiriablock.

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Figure3:KaruraForestdrainage

Plate1:TheKaruraRiverabovethewaterfall

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1. Flora

Forestplantationscover461HaandarecomprisedspeciessuchasAraucariacunninghamii,Eucalyptussaligna,E.globula,Brachylaenahuillensis,Grevillearobusta,CupressustorulosaandCupressuslusitanica.Theareaunderplantationswasmoreextensiveinthepastbutdecreasedwhenabigportionofitwastargetedforexcisionin2004leadingtoprematureharvesting.AsconsequencethisareawasinvadedbyLantanacamaraandhasbeenthemainfocusofrehabilitationeffortintheforestmainlywithindigenousspecies.

Almostalltheplantationsintheforesthavepassedtheireconomicrotationage.TheEucalyptussp.rangefrom38-93years,Araucariacunninghamii(44-56years),Cupressustorulosa(34-56years).Mostoftheseplantationswillthereforestartsuccumbingtoage-relateddyinginthenearfuture.

Indigenoustreescover257HaandarecomprisedofspeciessuchasOleaeuropeaevar.africana,Crotonmegalocarpus,Warburgiaugandensis(Muthiga),Brachyleanahuillensis(Muhugu),Uvaridendronanisatum,Markhamialutea,Tecleanobilis,Juniperusprocera(Cedar),Craebeanbrownii,Newtoniabuchananii,Salvadorapersica,Ficusthonningii,Trichiliaemetica,CalondendrumcapenseandDombeyagoetzenii.

AdditionallyanumberofshrubsarealsofoundwhichhavewidelocalmedicinaluseandincludeStrychnoshenningsii(Muteta),Erythrococcabongensis(Muharangware),Vangueriamadagascariensis(Mubiro),Rhamnusprinoides(Mukarakinga),Caesalpiniavolkensii(Mubuthi),Solanumspp.(Mutongu),Elaeodendronbuchananii(Mutanga)andRhusnatalensis(Muthigio).

TheriparianbeltsalongriversGitathuroandRuakaarepartlycoveredbyArudinariaalpina,theKenyanativebamboospecies.TheexoticgiantbambooDendrocalamusgiganteusismainlyfoundgrowingwithintheareaofthetreenurseryalongKaruraRiverwhereitmayhavebeenintroducedinthepast.Additionallytherearethreewetlandswhichoccupy10.5Ha.Theseserveasimportanthabitatsforbirdsandthereforeareidealareasforbirdwatchers.

Degradedindigenous:thereare43.5Haofdegradedindigenous,notstocked.

72.2Hahavebeenreplantedwithindigenousandaremanagedand45.8Hahavebeenplantedbuthavenotbeenmanaged.

2. Fauna

Themotionactivatedkaruracamshaveshownthattheforesthostsaround20differentvarietiesofmammals.TheseincludeHarvey'sduikers,suni,bushbucks,bushpigs,genets,

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civets,bushbabies,porcupines,sykesmonkeys,squirrels,hares,epauletted-bat,giantpouchedrats,whitetailedmongoose,clawlessotters,jackals.Colobusguerezakikuyense(Colobusmonkey)havebeentranslocatedtotheforestfromrapidlydisappearinghabitats.

Reptilesincludecobras,pythons,greensnakesandmonitorlizardsamongothers.

3. Avifauna

Some113birdspecieshavebeenobservedinKaruraForest.TheyincludeAfricancrownedeagle,AyresHawk-eagle,crows,owls,sparrows,doves,weavers,Hartlaub'sTuracoandNarinaTrogon.

4. Forestattractions

Figure4:SomeattractionsinKaruraForest

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Theforestfeaturesa50footwaterfall,cavesthatareconsideredsacredbymanyandhavehistoricvaluebecauseoftheiruseduringthedaysoftheMauMau.AnarchaeologicalsurveyofthecavescarriedoutbyNMKhasrevealedstonetoolsandotherartefactsdated4500yearsoldandothersestimatedatbetween50and300000yearsold,themiddlestoneageperiod.Therearealsomarshlandswhichattractbirdlife,awidediversityofindigenoustrees,LillyLake,Amanigarden,oldnotesincinerator,beautifulnaturetrailsandWangariMaathaicorner.KaruraForestisalsotheplacewhereProfessorWangariMaathai(NobelPeacePrizewinner)wasattackedforstandinguptothedevelopershopingtograbtheareaoflandtothenorthoftheKarurariver.

2. HISTORYOFKARURAFOREST

1. Pre-gazettement

Duringthepre-colonialperiod,KaruraForestisbelievedtobehaveclaimedbythevariousGikuyufamilies.TheforestwassurrenderedtotheBritishGovernmentatthetimeofcolonizationallegedlyonconditionthatitremainedforestland.

Post-gazettement

KaruraForestwasgazettedin1932andwasoneoftheearliesttoberecognisedassuch.

ThefirstexperimentalplantationsinKaruraweremadein1906.AtthattimevariousspeciesofEucalyptusandsomeCypressweretried.Intheinitialstages,theForestwascomprisedprincipallyofanaturalforestofBrachylaenahuillensis(Muhugu),CrotonmegalocarpusandWarburgiaugandensis(Muthiga).Upto1935itwasfashionabletoplantacertainproportionofindigenousspecies,eitherpureorinmixturewithEucalyptus.However,whenEucalyptuswasfoundtogrowatextremelyfastrates,thenaturalforestwasreducedovertheyearsandre-plantedwiththisspecies(Eucalyptusprovidedfuelwoodatarotationageoftwelve(12)yearswhilstitwasestimatedthatthenaturalforestwouldrequireseventyyearstoreachanequivalentgirthandvolume).Thiswoodwasusedtoprovidefuelwoodfortherailways,polestocarryelectricalwires,andfortheconstructionindustry.

WithtimeandonthebasisoftheeverpressingdemandsforfuelfromtheadjacentandfastgrowingmetropolisofNairobi,Eucalyptusbecametheprinciplespeciesplantedalmosttotheexclusionofallothers.AnotherspeciesAraucariacunninghamiiwasestablished,madegoodprogressandprovedapossiblealternativetoEucalyptusforplantinginKarura,butitsfuel-woodrotationoffifty(50)yearsseemedtoolongincomparison.

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DemandforfuelandconstructionmaterialinNairobifrom1950-1970increasedwithagrowingAfricanandAsianpopulationdespitetheexistenceofotherformsoffuelsuchaselectricityandparaffin.

TheplantationsinKarurawereestablishedthroughthe‘shamba'system.Kenya's‘shamba'orTaungyasystemhasbeengenerallydefinedasaformofagroforestry,wherefarmersareencouragedtocultivateprimarycrops(maize,cabbages,potatoes,beansandcarrots)onpreviouslyclearcutpublicforestlandontheconditionthattheyreplanttrees.Sincethemid-20thcentury,Kenyaadoptedthissystemtoestablishtreeplantationsbymeansofcheaporfreelabour,inordertomeetthedemandfortimber.

3. SOCIO-ECONOMICSTATUSANDASSESSMENTOFTHEFORESTCOMMUNITY

1. Forestadjacentcommunity

KaruraForestissurroundedbycommunitiesofverydifferentextremesocio-economicstatuscomprisingofbothaffluentandlessaffluentcommunities.

Affluentcommunitiesinclude:

• Muthaigaresidentialarea

• NewMuthaigaresidentialarea;

• Gigiriresidentialarea;

• Ridgewaysresidentialarea;

• Rundaresidentialarea;

• Whispers;and

• Peponi.

AlltheaboveresidentialareashaveResidentsAssociationswhicharerepresentedontheFKFboard.

Lessaffluentcommunitiesinclude:

• DeepSeainformalsettlementintheWestlandsareahasbenefitedfromemploymentfromtheforest.

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• HurumaandGithogoroinformalsettlement,totheNorthoftheforest.ThisinformalsettlementhasseveralregisteredgroupswhichbenefitfromtheKaruraForest.Thesecommunityisinvolvedinclearinginvasivesandplantingtrees.Membersofthissettlementhavealsobeenallowedtokeepbeehivesintheforest.

4. STAKEHOLDERANALYSIS

Therearevariousstakeholderswithinterestwithintheforest.Theirimpactonforestmanagementandconservationhasbeensignificantthankstotheeffortsmadetoinvolvetheminparticipatoryforestmanagementactivities.

1. RangeOfStakeholders

KaruraForestReservestakeholdersarenumerousandbroadranged.Theyinclude:

a)KenyaForestService;

b)PrivateandbusinessSector

d)CommunitiesandresidentsAssociations;

e)Donors-donationshavebeenreceivedfromorganizationsandindividualswithanindependentinterestinpreservingtheforest;

f)Non-governmentalorganizations.

Theintegrationofstakeholderspromotes:

• Asenseofownershipoftheforest.

• Sustainableandlongtermmanagementoftheforest.

• Strengtheningsocialsecurityprotecttraditionaluserrightsandaccesstoforestresources.

• Communalriskadjustmentstrategies.

• Complementaryratherthancompetitiveactivitiesinforestmanagement.

2. RolesandResponsibilitiesofStakeholders

Table4:Stakeholders'rolesandresponsibilitiesStakeholders

RolesandresponsibilitiesLevelofinfluence1. GovernmentDepartments

KenyaForestService 1. Forestadministration,treeHigh

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planting,protectionoftheforest,revenuecollection,creationofemployment

2. Treeplanting,controlsfelling(harvesting),enforcesforestby-laws

3. Revenuecollectionfromsaleofforestproduce

4. Licensingandregulationofexploitationofforestproducts

5. Clearfelledareasre-forestationandrehabilitationofdegradedareas

6. Maintenanceofplantationforests

7. Collaborationwithstakeholdersonecosystemmanagement

8. Forestfirespreventionandsuppression

NationalLandCommission

1. Revocationofillegaltitles

2. Issuanceoftitles

Stakeholders Rolesandresponsibilities

LevelofinfluenceGovernmentDepartments

NationalGovernmentAdministrationOffice

1. Enforceforestlaws2. Helpcommunityin

adviceandsecurity3. Helpineducationtothe

communityinforestconservation

4. Provisionofenablingpoliticalgoodwill

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WaterResourcesManagementAuthority(WRMA)

1. ImplementationoftheWaterAct

2. protectcatchmentandriverineareas

3. Development,control,conserveandregulationofwaterresources

4. AssessmentandMonitoringofwaterresources(qualityandlevels)

5. Conservationandprotectionofwatercatchmentthroughcollaborationwithotherstakeholders

GovernmentDepartments KenyaForestryResearchInstitute(KEFRI)

1. Undertakeresearchissuesontrees,forestdiseases,treebreeding,speciestrialsandtheirdocumentationanddissemination

2. TechnicalordersdevelopmentinconjunctionwithKFS

3. SupplyingcertifiedseedstoKFS,stakeholdersandcommunitymembers

NationalMuseumsofKenya(NMK) 1. KaruraForestconservation,educationprogrammespreparationandpresentationthroughfilms,videoshowsanddocumentaries

2. ProvidereferencematerialontheKaruraforestecosystem

3. ConductresearchonthepastuseofculturalsiteswithinKaruraForest

4. Plantidentificationthroughpreparationofherbariums

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NationalEnvironmentManagementAuthority

1. Responsibleforthemanagementoftheenvironment,andenvironmentalpolicy

KenyaWildlifeService 2. Managementofwildlife HighInstituteofPrimateResearch 3. Managementofprimates HighKenyaTourismBoard 4. Promotionoftourismin High

5. InternationalOrganizations

UNON,UNEP,UNDP,WorldAgroforestryCentre,ICIPE

1. Funding and capacitybuilding

Stakeholders Rolesandresponsibilities

Levelofinfluence3.CivilSociety(NGOsandCBOs)

AFEW,OshwalCommunity,SukumaTwende,DrewsFoundation,BIEA,FriendsofCityPark,NatureKenya,GreenBeltMovement,residentsassociationforMuthaiga,Gigiri,NewMuthaiga,Peponi,Runda,Whispers,HurumaVision,HurumaNewDawn,HurumaMushroom,Karuma,DeepSeacommunity

2. Afforestationandrehabilitation

4.FriendsofKarura(CFA)

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3. PartnershipwithKFSinco-managingtheforestthroughthejointmanagementagreement

4. StakeholdersinForestmanagement(e.g.forestregeneration,forestdevelopmentandmaintenance,infrastructurebuildingandmaintenance,education,research,communitypatrols,monitoring)

5. Establishincomegeneratingactivities(IGA)/projectse.g.beekeepingtoreduceoverdependenceontheforestresources

6. Liaisewithkeyconservationagenciesthroughmemorandaofunderstanding(MoU)

7. Ecotourismventuresestablishment

8. Indigenousconservationtechnologies/knowledgedisseminationtothepresentgeneration

9. Cooperationinfirepreventionandsuppressionactivities

10. Undertakeconservation-relatedactivities

5NairobiCountyGovernment

1. Provision of enabling

goodwill2. Provision of licenses,

wayleaves,wateretc

6.Privatesector G4S, Bins, Davis &Shirtliff, EABL,Yellowpages,Pelican,H&Young,APAInsurance, KPMG, Oscho Chemicals,Steel Structures, Vivo Energy,Alliance media, Ovidian and I&MBankamongmanyothers

1. Fundingafforestationrehabilitationandotheractivities

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Duringthefiveyearsofthisnewmanagementplan,KFSandFKFaimtoencouragecurrentstakeholderstobeinvolvedfurtherintheexecutionofthemanagementplanandtoseekadditionalstakeholders.

TodateKaruraForestReserveisco-managedbyKFSandFKFthroughthejointforestmanagementcommittee.However,thereareopportunitiesforpartnershipstobeestablished.A‘FriendsofKaruraCommunityForestAssociation'(FKF)hasbeenregisteredaccordingtheForestsAct2005.FKFprovidestheplatformthatfacilitatesthecollaborationofkeystakeholders.IthasajointmanagementagreementwiththeKFStosustainablymanagetheKaruraForestforthebenefitoflocalandwidercommunitiesandensureKaruraForestisprotectedforfuturegenerations.Currently,itincludesrepresentationfromallsurroundingcommunities(bothaffluentandimpoverished).

1. THREATSFACINGTHEFOREST

NomajorthreatspersisthowevertherearestillsomedeveloperswhocontinuetoclaimownershipofpartsofKarura.

Challengesarestilltherewhichinclude:

• Theforestissusceptibletoforestfiresduringdryperiods;and,

• Lantanacamaraandotherinvasiveweedsgrowtoovigorously,endangeringindigenousplantsandtrees

2. Pestsanddiseases

3. PLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS

1. BACKGROUND

ForestconservationinKenyahasfacedmanychallengesoverthelastthreedecadesthathavebeenlinkedtoweaknessinpolicyandmarketfailures.HoweverthenewForestsconservationandmanagementbill2015focusesonforestdevelopment,conservation,participatorymanagementinKenyaandresponsivenesstostakeholderneedsandpriorities,thusfosteringapositiveattitudetowardsforestconservation.Thenewlegislationpromotesenvironmentalsustainabilitythroughpublicparticipation,cooperationandamoresustainableforestmanagementapproach.

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Thebroadobjectiveofforestlegislation(ForestsAct2005,ForestPolicy2007andForestConservationandManagementbill2015)istoprovidecontinuousguidancetoallKenyansonthesustainablemanagementofforests.Thisinvolvestakingcognizanceofotherexistingpoliciesrelatingtolandandlanduse,tenure,agriculture,energy,environment,mining,wildlifeandwater.Theneedforgreatercooperationandlinkageamongresourceowners,users,andresourceplanners,isrecognizedandrecentpolicyincorporatesforest-relatedvaluesofthepeopleofKenya,aswellasinternationalconcerns.Indigenousforestmanagement,farmforestry,industrialforestdevelopment,drylandforestry,foresthealthandprotection,privatesectorinvolvementandPFMareallseenaskeycomponentsofforestmanagement.Policyrecognizesthattherearebenefitsarisingfromtheinvolvementoflocalcommunitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestmanagement.Povertyreductionisidentifiedasagoalwiththeforestrysectorinthemainstreamofeconomicrecoverystrategies.Mostimportantly,policyemphasizestheimportanceofforestsforwaterandbiodiversityconservation,andaddressescostandbenefitsharing.

2. RELEVANTPOLICIESANDLEGALFRAMEWORK

1. TheConstitutionofKenya2010

TheconstitutionofKenya(2010)providesgroundforformulationofadaptationandmitigationlegislation,policiesandstrategiesbyguaranteeingtherighttoacleanandhealthyenvironmentunderthebillofrights.

2. ForestPolicyandForestsAct2005

TheForestsAct2005identifiescriticalareastobeaddressediftheforestsectoristoberevampedandprovidestheappropriatelegalandinstitutionalframeworkforsustainableforestmanagementinKenya.Thegoalofthepolicyistoenhancethecontributionoftheforestsectorinprovisionofeconomic,socialandenvironmentalgoodsandserviceswhilesomeofthespecificobjectivesrelevanttoKaruraForestare:

• Tocontributetopovertyreduction,employmentcreationandimprovementoflivelihoodsthroughsustainableuse,conservationandmanagementofforestsandtrees;

• Tocontributetosustainablelandusethroughsoil,waterandbiodiversityconservation,andtreeplantingthroughthesustainablemanagementofforestsandtrees;

• Topromotetheparticipationoftheprivatesector,communitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestManagementtoconservewatercatchmentareas,createemployment,reducepovertyandensurethesustainabilityoftheforestsector;and,

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• Topromoteforestresearch,trainingandeducationtoensureavibrantforestsector.

Inrespecttotheseobjectives,someofthedegradedareasoftheforesthavebeenrehabilitatedandotherswillfollow;partnershipforconservationanddevelopmentoftheforestwillcontinuetobepromotedwhileresearchtrainingandeducationwillcontinuetobesupported.

InresponsetoSection13oftheAct-aForestConservationCommitteehasbeenestablishedfortheNairobiConservancy,thefunctionsofwhichare:

• TogathertheideasandopinionsofthelocalcommunitywithinandsurroundingforestconservationareasandreportthesetotheKFS.Withspecificreferencetoconservationandutilisationoftheforest;

• Tomonitortheimplementationoftheforestactandotherforestregulationswithinthestatedarea;

• ToreviewandrecommendtotheKFSManagementBoardapplicationsforlicensesandrenewalsthereof;

• ToregulatethemanagementofKaruraForestReserve,includingthesettingofchargesandretentionofchargesandincome;

• InconsultationwiththeKFSManagementBoard,toassistlocalcommunitiestobenefitfromincomederivedfromfloraandfaunatraditionallyusedornewlydiscoveredbythecommunities;and,

• ToperformsuchotherfunctionsastheKFSManagementBoardmayrequireordelegatetoit.

InresponsetoSection41oftheAct-KaruraForestshallbemanagedonasustainablebasisforthepurposesof:

• Conservationofwater,soilandbiodiversity;

• Riverlineprotection;

• Culturaluseandheritage;

• Lowimpactrecreationandeco-tourism;

• Sustainableproductionofwoodandnon-woodproducts;

• Carbonsequestrationandotherenvironmentalservices;

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• Educationandresearchpurposes;and,

• Habitatforwildlife.

Theabovecanbeachievedby:

• Promotinginvolvementoftheprivatesector,communitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestmanagementandconservationtocreateemployment,reducepovertyandensurethesustainabilityoftheforest;

• Contributingtosustainablemanagementoftheforestthroughsoilwaterandbiodiversityconservationandtreeplanting;and,

• Promotingforesteducationandresearchtoenableforeststakeholderstobemadeawareofbenefitsandecosystemservicesofferedbytheforest.

InresponsetotheForestsAct2005,section45,aCommunityForestAssociation(CFA)hasbeenestablished,namelyFriendsofKaruraForestCommunityForestAssociation.ThefunctionsoftheCFAareto:

• Protect,conserveandco-managesuchforestorpartthereofpursuanttotheapprovedjointmanagementagreemententeredintounderthisActandtheprovisionsofthestrategicmanagementplanfortheforest;

• Formulateandimplementforestprogramsconsistentwiththetraditionalforestuserrightsofthecommunityconcerned,inaccordancewithsustainableusecriteria;

• Protectsacredgrovesandprotectedtrees;

• AssisttheServiceinenforcingtheprovisionsofthisActandanyrulesandregulationsmadepursuantthereto,inparticularinrelationtoillegalharvestingofforestproduce;

• WiththeapprovalofKFSManagementBoard,enterintopartnershipswithotherpersonsforthepurposesofensuringtheefficientandsustainableconservationandmanagementofforest;

• KeepKFSinformedofanydevelopments,changesandoccurrenceswithintheforestwhicharecriticalfortheconservationofbiodiversity;

• Helpinfirefighting;and,

• Doanyotherthatisnecessaryfortheefficientconservationandmanagementoftheforest.

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InresponsetotheForestPolicy2005,AKaruraForestJointManagementCommitteehasbeenestablishedtosupportthesustainablemanagementoftheforest.

3. TheForestConservationandManagementbill2015

ThisbilloncepassedintolawwillreplacetheForestsAct2005,andusherinanewerainforestmanagementasitwillincorporatetheissueofdevolutionofvariousforestryfunctionstotheCountyGovernmentsaspertheconstitutionalrequirements.TheForestsAct2005willberepealedoncetheForestConservationandManagementbill2015issignedintolaw.

4. TheNaturalResourcesBenefitsSharingBill2014

Thisbilloncepassedintolawwillprovidethelegalguidelinesonhowrevenuesaccruedfromtheexploitationofanynaturalresource(forestsincluded),wouldbesharedamongtheNationalGovernment,theCountyGovernmentsandthelocalcommunitysurroundingtheseresources.

5. TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Act2013andPolicy

Kenya'swildlifepolicyisembodiedintheSessionalPaperNo.3of1975entitled"AStatementonFutureWildlifeManagementPolicyinKenya".Thispolicywasaradicaldeparturefromthepreviousapproachtowildlifeconservation,whichemphasizedprotectedareas.ThekeyelementsofthisPolicymaybesummarizedasfollows:

• Itidentifiedtheprimarygoalofwildlifeconservationastheoptimizationofreturnsfromwildlifedefinedbroadlytoincludeaesthetic,cultural,scientificandeconomicgains,takingintoaccounttheincomefromotherlanduses;

• Itpointedouttheneedtoidentifyandimplementcompatiblelandusesandfairdistributionofbenefitsderivedfromwildlifeincludingfrombothnon-consumptiveandconsumptiveusesofwildlife;

• Itunderscoredtheneedforanintegratedapproachtowildlifeconservationandmanagementinordertominimizehuman-wildlifeconflicts;and,

• TheGovernmentassumedtheresponsibilityofpayingcompensationfordamagescausedbywildlife.

TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Actof1976subsequentlyestablishedthelegalprovisionsfortheimplementationofthePolicy.ThisActamalgamatedthethenGameDepartmentandtheKenyaNationalParkstoformasingleagency,theWildlifeConservationandManagementDepartment(WCMD),tomanagewildlife.Subsequently,throughan

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AmendmenttotheActin1989,theKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)wasestablishedtoreplaceWCMD.AnewWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Act2013wassubsequentlyenactedandbecameoperational,andthusthewildlife(conservationandmanagement)Act1976andthe1989amendmenttotheactwerethereforerepealed.

TherearenolargewildlifespeciesintheKaruraForestReserveandthereforetherearenohuman-wildlifeconflictsthatareassociatedwiththepresenceoflargemammalssuchaselephantsetc.Thereis,nevertheless,alargewildlifepresenceinKaruraForestReserve,includinganincreasingmonkeypopulation.

Thevariationofthepopulationisfairlywellknownthankstotheuseof3motionactivatedKaruracamsbuttheexactsizeisyettobeestablished.Thereisneedthereforetoundertakeastudydetailingthewildlifeintheforest.

6. EnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationAct(1999)

EMCA(1999)isanactofParliamenttoprovidefortheestablishmentofanappropriatelegalandinstitutionalframeworkforthemanagementoftheenvironment,andformattersconnectedtoit.Theenvironmentconstitutesthefoundationofnationaleconomic,social,culturalandspiritualadvancement.TherequirementforenvironmentalimpactassessmentandauditswillbeobservedasnecessaryinconformitywiththerequirementsoftheAct.

7. WaterPolicyandWaterAct(2002)

TheWaterAct(2002)providesforthemanagement,conservation,useandcontrolofwaterresourcesandfortheacquisitionandregulationofrightstousewater;providesfortheregulationandmanagementofwatersupplyandsewerageservices.TheActmandatestheministerresponsibleforwaterresourcestoensurethatcertainwatercatchmentareasareprotected.TheMinisterisalsomandatedtodeclaresuchareasaswatercatchmentareas.AnumberofriversdissectKaruraForestwhoseflowwillbeenhancedbyitsprotectionandrehabilitation.

8. WaterBill(2014)

ThisBilloncesignedintolawwillreplacetheWaterAct(2002).Itaddressestheregulation,managementanddevelopmentofwaterresources.

9. RiverAuthoritiesAct(Cap.443)

ThisActempowersallexistingriverauthoritiesto,interalia,constructanyworksnecessaryfortheprotectionandutilizationofwaterandsoilsonareasalongriver-banks.Fallowlandactsas

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areservoirofterrestrialcarbon,whiletreesandvegetationgrowingalongriverbankssequestercarbondioxide.Effortswillbemadetoprotecttheriparianbeltbyplantingofappropriatespecieslikebamboo.

10. TheAgriculture,FisheriesandFoodAuthority(AFFA)Act2013

ThisActconsolidatesthelawsontheregulationandpromotionofagricultureandmakesprovisionfortherespectiverolesofthenationalandcountygovernmentsinagricultureandrelatedmatters.

11. LandRegistrationAct,2012(Cap.300)

ThisisanActofparliamentthatrevises,consolidates,andrationalizestheregistrationoftitlestoland,giveseffecttotheprinciplesandobjectsofdevolvedgovernmentinlandregistration,andforconnectedpurposes.

12. Science,TechnologyandInnovationAct2012

ThisActfacilitatesthepromotion,coordinationandregulationoftheprogressofscience,technologyandinnovationinthecountry.Itaimstoassignprioritytothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandentrenchtechnologyandinnovationintothenationalproductionsystem.

13. TheEnergyAct2006

TheActmandatestheGovernmenttopromotethedevelopmentanduseofrenewableenergyincludingbiodiesel,bioethanol,biomass,solar,wind,hydro-power,biogas,charcoal,fuelwood,tidal,wave,municipalwasteamongothers.ItestablishedtheEnergyRegulatoryCommissiontobeinchargeoftheproduction,distribution,supplyanduseofrenewableenergy.

14. TheEnergyBill2015

ThisBillwillreplacetheEnergyAct2006whensignedintolaw.Itaimstoconsolidatethelawsrelatingtoenergy,toprovideforNationalandCountyGovernmentfunctionsinrelationtoenergy,toprovidefortheestablishment,powersandfunctionsoftheenergysectorentities.Itaimsatthepromotionofrenewableenergy,exploration,recoveryandcommercialutilizationofcoalandgeothermalenergyandtheproduction,supplyanduseofallenergyforms.

15. OccupationalSafetyandHealthAct2007No.15of2007(OSHA),revisedin2010

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ThisActprovidesforthesafety,healthandwelfareofworkersandallpersonslawfullypresentattheworkplace.Itaddressestheobligationsofboththeemployerandtheemployeeintermsofensuringtheworkplaceisfreefromanypotentialrisksandhazardsthatwouldbedetrimentaltothewell-beingofallmembersofstaffandvisitorsatanygiventimeandatanygivenplacewithintheconfinesoftheworkplace.

ThisActbasicallyaddressesemployees'andvisitors'safetywhilstatKaruraForest.

16. TheEmploymentAct2007andtheRegulationofWagesandconditionsofEmploymentAct2007

TheseActsmakerulesgoverningwages,leaveandrest,healthandsafety,thespecialpositionofchildrenandwomenandtheterminationofemployment.ThelatterAct,inaddition,setsupaprocessthroughwhichwagesandconditionsofemploymentcanberegulatedbytheMinister.

ThisActaddressesemploymentofscoutsandconservationclerksbytheFKF.

However,theEmploymentActdoesnotmakeanyprovisionsforwagesingeneral.TheminimumwageisdealtwithbytheRegulationsofWagesandConditionsofEmploymentAct.

17. TheWorkInjuryBenefitsAct2015

ThisActprovidesforwaysthroughwhichanemployeewhoisinjuredwhenondutymaybecompensatedbytheemployer.

3. STRATEGIES

1. SustainableDevelopmentGoals

ThesearemeanttoreplacetheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalswhichareduetoexpireattheendof2015.FormaldebateonthesegoalsbeganinRiodeJaneiroduringthe2012UnitedNationsconferencewheredevelopmentgoals2015-2030werediscussed.TheconferenceoutcomecalledforthegoalstobeintegratedintotheUN'spost-2015agenda,andtherewasconsensuson17proposedgoals.TheonesrelevanttoKaruraForestmanagementinclude,

• Endpovertyinallitsformseverywhere.

• Endhunger,achievefoodsecurityandimprovednutritionandpromotesustainableagriculture.

• Ensurehealthylivesandpromotewell-beingforallatallages.

• Achievegenderequalityandempowerallwomenandgirls.

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• Ensureavailabilityandsustainablemanagementofwaterandsanitationforall.

• Promotesustained,inclusiveandsustainableeconomicgrowth,fullandproductiveemploymentanddecentworkforall.

• Makecitiesandhumansettlementsinclusive,safe,resilientandsustainable.

• Ensuresustainableconsumptionandproductionpatterns.

• Takeurgentactiontocombatclimatechangeanditsimpacts.

• Protect,restoreandpromotesustainableuseofterrestrialecosystems,sustainablymanageforests,combatdesertification,andhaltandreverselanddegradationandhaltbiodiversityloss.

• Strengthenthemeansofimplementationandrevitalizetheglobalpartnershipforsustainabledevelopment.

2. Vision2030

Thisisthecountry'sdevelopmentprogrammecoveringtheperiod2008to2030.Itwaslaunchedon10June2008byformerPresidentMwaiKibaki.ItsobjectiveistohelptransformKenyaintoa"newlyindustrializing,middle-incomecountryprovidingahighqualityoflifetoallitscitizensby2030inacleanandsecureenvironment,developedthrough"anall-inclusiveandparticipatorystakeholderconsultativeprocess,involvingKenyansfromallpartsofthecountry."TheVisionisbasedonthree"pillars":Economic;Social;andPolitical.

TheKenyaVision2030istobeimplementedinsuccessivefive-yearmedium-termplans,withthefirstsuchplancoveringtheperiod2008-2012(withthenextcoveringtheperiod2012-2017,andsountil2030).UndertheVision,KenyaexpectedtomeetitsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsbythedeadlinein2030.

Throughthisstrategy,Kenyaaimstobuildajustandcohesivesocietywithsocialequityinacleanandsecureenvironment.It,therefore,presentscomprehensivesocialinterventionsaimedatimprovingthequalityoflifeofallKenyansresidents.

3. Multi/bilateralandprivatesectorfunding

ThejointforestmanagementcommitteeandFKFwillseekfundingfromthemulti/bilateralpartnersandtheprivatesectorfor:

• Anenvironmentaleducationcentreandforeststationofficeblock.

• Reforestation.

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• Infrastructureasneeded.

4. INTERNATIONALANDREGIONALAGREEMENTSANDTREATIES

1. Conventiononbiologicaldiversity

ThisConventionaimstoconservebiologicaldiversity,thesustainableuseofitscomponents,andthefairandequitablesharingofthebenefitsarisingoutoftheutilizationofgeneticresource.Kenyaratifiedtheconventionon26July1994.

KenyahasundertakenactivitiesthatareconsistentwiththegoalsoftheConvention,andhasdevelopedanationalstrategyfortheconservationofbiologicaldiversityandestablishedasystemforprotectingendangeredspeciesbothintheprotectedanddispersalareas.

ThemanagementplanwillcontributetotheimplementationofanumberofprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularwithregardto:

• Identificationandmonitoring(Art.7);

• In-situconservation(Art.8);

• Sustainableuseofcomponentsofbiologicaldiversity(Art.10);and,

• Publiceducationandawareness(Art.13).

ThemanagementplanwillalsosupporttheobjectiveofaCollaborativePartnershipforForests,avoluntaryarrangementamong14internationalorganizationsandsecretariats,includingtheSecretariatoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Thisarrangementaimstopromotethemanagement,conservationandsustainabledevelopmentofalltypesofforest,andstrengthenlong-termpoliticalcommitmenttothatend.

2. ForestPrinciples

TheNon-legallyBindingAuthoritativeStatementofPrinciplesforaGlobalConsensusontheManagement,ConservationandSustainableDevelopmentofallTypesofForests,alsoknownasthe"ForestPrinciples"wereadoptedin1992.Theycontain15articlesprovidingguidingprinciplesforthemanagement,conservationandsustainabledevelopmentofforests.

ThemanagementplanwillbeinlinewithandfurtherimplementtheForestPrinciples,inparticularwithregardto:

• Sustainableforestmanagementtomeetthesocial,economic,ecological,culturalandspiritualneedsofpresentandfuturegenerations;

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• Promotionofopportunitiesfortheparticipationofinterestedpartiesinthedevelopment,implementationandplanningofforestpolicies;

• Positiveandtransparentactiontowardsreforestation,afforestationandforestconservation;

• Supportbyinternationalfinancialandtechnicalcooperation,includingthroughtheprivatesector;and,

• Provisionofalternativeoptionstotheurbanpoorwhoareeconomicallyandsociallydependentonforestresources.

3. CITES

TheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora(CITES)wasestablishedinresponsetoconcernsthatmanywildlifespecieswerebecomingendangeredbecauseofinternationaltrade.KenyaratifiedtheConventionon13December1978.

TheonlyrecordedendangeredtreespeciesinKaruraistheBrachylaenahuillensis,(Muhugu).ThistreespeciesisclassifiedasLowRisk-nearthreatenedglobally,accordingtotheIUCNRedList.Thetreeisusedforwoodcarvingsoldtotourists.However,thisspeciesisnotlistedinanyofthethreeCITESappendices.

Duringtheperiodoftheplanexistingtreesofthisspecieswillbeclearlydesignatedforextraprotectionandincreasedplanting.

4. UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)

TheultimateobjectiveoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)isthe"stabilizationofthegreenhousegasconcentrationintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem[….]".Kenyaratifiedtheconventionon30August1994.

ThemanagementplanwillcontributetotheimplementationoftheConventionbyincreasingcarbonstorageandsink,throughtherehabilitationofdegradedforestareasandthereestablishmentofindigenousforestcover.

5. IMPORTANCEOFKARURAFOREST

1. Importanceforthegeneralpublic

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KaruraForestreceivesawiderangeofvisitorsondailybasiswhoseinterestarevariable,someofwhichinclude:

• Toprovideanopportunitytoeducatethegeneralpublicontheimportanceofforests;

• Tocontributetomitigationofclimatechange;

• Toserveasavenueforrecreation;

• Toprovideseedlings;and

• Toprovidetraininginenvironmentalandnaturalresourcemanagement.

2. Importanceforemployment

Atpresent39peopleareemployedbytheforeststation,namely:forester(1);assistantforester(1);plantoperator(1);seniorclericalofficer(1);subordinatestaff(2);rangers(11),and23casuals.

TheJointCommitteeemploys46peopleasscouts,clerks,tree-carers,administrativestaff,andmanycasualworkersforclearingandplantingintheforest.

ManyemploymentopportunitieshavebeencreatedparticularlyfortheinhabitantsofHuruma,GithogoroandDeepSeainformalsettlements.

3. Watershed

Theforestcontributestorechargingtheriversthatrunthroughit.Itisproposedtoboostthisbyplantingbambooandotherwaterconservationvegetationalongalltherivers.

4. Biodiversityreservoir

KaruraForesthostsawidediversityoffaunaandfloraspecies.Furtherprotectionofthesespecieswillbeprovidedonceafullbiodiversityinventoryhasbeencompleted.

5. HistoricalandCulturalimportance

TherearethreecavesinKaruraForestwhichwereusedbytheMauMauduringtheuprisingforindependence.Thesecaveshavealsointhepastservedasvenuesforspiritualnourishmentformanypeoplefromdifferentpartsofthecountry.Anarchaeologicalsurveyofthecavescarried

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outbyNMKhasrevealedstonetoolsandotherartefactsdated4500yearsoldandothersestimatedatbetween50and300000yearsold,themiddlestoneageperiod.

Plate2:ThelargestcaveintheKaruraRivervalleyfromtheinside

6. SourceofForestProducts

• Woodproducts

Theplantationswillbezonedwherenecessaryforconservationandproductionreasons.Theplantationsareasourceofwoodproductslike,timber,poles,withiesandfuelwood.

Brachylaenahuillensis(Muhugu)hasbeenusedhistoricallyforwoodcarvingsoldtotourists.Thisvaluableindigenoustreespeciesisnowonlyfoundthinlyscatteredwithintheforest.Duringtheplanperiod,theremainingspecimenswillbeclearlydesignatedforextraprotection.Muhuguseedlingswillalsobeplanted.

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Plate3:AmatureAraucariaplantationintheforest

• Nonwoodforestproducts

AtpresenttheForestcatersforthesupplyofsmallbusinessessuchasbeekeeping,collectionofherbsandothermedicinalplants.

7. TourismandrecreationopportunitiesforKenyans

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Plate4:TheiconicKaruraRiverwaterfall

Karuranowhosts16000visitorsamonthonaverageandhasbecometheNo.3attractiontobevisitedinNairobi.

Duringthisplanperiod,onlyecotourismactivitieslistedintheplanwillbeimplemented.Anynewoneswillhavetobeclearedbythejointcommittee,theFCCandultimatelyapprovedtheKFSboardifappropriate.

However,asKaruraForestisasmallforest,surroundedbyhotels,therewillbenonewtourismrelatedpermanentorhighimpactstructuresintheforestincludingcampsites.

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Plate5:SignageatJunction16(noterubbishbininbackground)

Plate6:VisitorrestingondonatedbenchonKimaTrailbetweenJunctions9and10

8. ResearchandEducationCentre

TheforestoffersmanyresearchandeducationopportunitiesbyvariousinstitutionssuchasNMK,universitiesandotherorganisationsincludingKEFRIintheformof:

• Internships;

• Attachments;

• Casestudies;

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• Educationtours;and,

• Exchangevisits.

Thereisneedtoprovidevisitorstotheforestwithanopportunitytolearntheimportanceofforestsandthesignificantroletheyplayintheireverydaylives.

WithinthefiveyeartermofthisManagementPlan,anewEducationCentrewillbedevelopedandopenedintheforest.ThecentrewillprovideopportunitiesforvisitorstolearnnotonlyaboutKenya'sforests,butalsoaboutotherforestsaroundtheWorld.Thecentrewilldrawfrominformationandexpertisefromcloseneighbours,suchasUNEPandICRAF,butalsofromnational/internationaluniversitiesandgovernmentagencies.

9. Environmentalservices(includingcarbonsinks,soilconservation)

• Carbonsink

Onethirdofgreenhousegasesbuildupintheatmosphereisestimatedtoresultfromchangesinlanduse.Afforestationandconservationofforestscansignificantlycontributetomitigateclimatechange.Nairobioncehadareputationasahealthyplacetoliveandwasknownas‘TheGreenCityintheSun'.HowevertheincreasingcarbonemissionsinNairobiareattributedtotheevergrowingandintenseindustrialactivityanduseofautomobiles.ThereforeKaruraForesthasavitalroletoplayinmitigatingthosenegativeimpacts.Landusechangeandforestryactivitiesduringtheplanperiodwillfocusessentiallyonthedevelopmentandregenerationofindigenousforest.Thereisalsoscopeforpartneringinoneofthecarbonfinancingschemes.

• SoilandWaterConservation

Theforestisabletoretaintheamountofrainfallfallingoveritthroughinfiltration,onlygraduallyreleasingittothestreamsflowingthroughtheforest.Itisalsousefulinrechargingundergroundwaterstreamsfromwhichthecurrentboreholesthatarebeingdrilledgetrecharged.Theseactionscontributetowardsminimizingsoilerosionandthisprotectsthehabitatforwildlife.

6. CONSERVATIONCHALLENGES

Inadditiontothethreatsidentifiedinsection2.7,theconservationofKaruraForestfacesthefollowingchallenges:

• Forestcarryingcapacityintermsofnumberofvisitors.

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• Replacementofplantationswithindigenousspeciesinarecreationalforest.

• Inadequatefundingwithrelationtomajorinfrastructuredevelopmentaspectsintheforest.

7. FORESTZONATION

1. CurrentSituation

Theforestisdividedintotwoblocks,oneofwhichismainlycomprisedofplantations.Theotherblockhasplantationsofbothexoticandindigenousspeciesandanareaundernaturalforest.

2. Forestzonesandtheirmanagement

TheForestReservehasbeenzonedusingthemultiple-useclassificationcriteria,whichconsiderstheapplicationoftheprimaryusealongwithsecondaryusesofthezonedareas.Themainzonesidentifiedinclude:

• NatureReserve;

• Indigenousforestarea;

• Wetlandsandriparianareas;

• Productiveforest(exoticplantations);and,

• Developedareas.

Table5:Zonationcriteria(2010-2014)Zone Criteria Management

Objectives ManagementOptions

NatureReserve Highbiodiversitynaturalforest

Totalbiodiversityconservation

-Noextractiveuses-Nodisturbance

Indigenousforestarea

-Watercatchment-Wildlifehabitat-Protectionofbiodiversity

Conservationofbiodiversityandwildlifehabitat

-Conservationarea-Minimumimpactecotourism

Wetlands Swamps/marshlands/riparianareas

Totalpreservationofthewetlands

-Preservationofthearea-Researchandbirdwatching

Productiveforestzone(exoticplantations)

Areaunderplantationofexoticsspecies

Productionofpoles,timberandXmastrees

Convert70haofplantationintoindigenousforestaccordingtothestationplantationmanagementplan

Developedareas

Areasunderresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings,treeNurseriesetc.

-AreatocontinueServingthesamepurpose

-Generationofrevenue(rent)

StatusquotoRemain

Figure5:Karuracovertypezones

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1)TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement;

2)Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement;

3)Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall.Thiswouldentailtheprotectiontheforestfromanyhighimpactdevelopmentotherthanforestryactivitiesand,ensureecotourismproposalswouldbeinthebestinterestoftheforest;

4)Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities;

5)Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,lowimpactecotourismandresearchinforestry;

6)Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment;and,

7)Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan.

Implementationoftheplanwillbeguidedbythesevenspecificmanagementobjectivesfromwhichstrategiesandactionsareproposedhereunder.

1. REHABILITATIONANDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME

1. Objective

TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement

2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements

Thetotalareaoftheforestis1041.3Haoutofwhichplantationsoccupy461Haandnaturalforest257Ha.Inadditionthereare43.5Haofdegradedindigenous(nonstocked)and45.8Haofrepaintedbutabandoned.DuringthefirstSMPmanycorporateInstitutionsandothershaveteamedupwithKFSandFKFinrehabilitationactivitiesandthereareadditional72.2Hawhichhavebeenclearedofinvasivesandreplanted.

Protectionofcriticalwatercatchment

Theriparianareasneedtoberehabilitatedwithbambooandotherwaterfriendlyspecies.

Waterresourceavailability

KaruraForestiswellpositionedforwateravailabilityasithasfiveriverswhichflowthroughouttheyear(notseasonally).Regrettablytheseriversareheavilypolluted.

FivetributariesofNairobiRiverpassthroughKaruraForestReserve.Theseare:

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• TheRuakaRiverwhichseparatesKaruraRiverandtheRundaResidentialarea;

• TheKaruraRiverwithtraversesthroughtheforest;

• TheGetathuruRiverwhichborderstheForestalongitsSouthernedgewithMuthaigaResidentialarea;and,

• TheThigiriRiver(atributaryofGetathuruRiver)whichtraversesthewesternsectionofKaruraForest.

5. TheMathareriverwhichborderstheforestontheEasternsideofSigiria

TheNairobiCityCouncilalsosupplieswater,forwhichamonthlychargeispaid.TherehabilitatedoldboreholeatAmaniGardensalsoprovideswaterwhichirrigatesthepicnicgroundsduringthedryseason.

Waterutilizationanddemand

ThemainindigenoustreenurseryuseswaterfromtheKaruraRiver.ThesmalltreenurseryuseswaterfromtheNairobiCityCouncil.Thetreebiotechnologynurseryhasitsownboreholetoensureapurewatersource.Theforwardpolicyfortreeplantingisnowtoalwaysplantduringtherainyseason.

Groundwaterisrechargednaturallybyrainandbyrivers.Rechargemaybeimpededsomewhatbyhumanactivitiesincludingpaving,development,orlogging.Theseactivitiescanresultinlossoftopsoilresultinginreducedwaterinfiltration,enhancedsurfacerunoffandreductioninrecharge.Useofgroundwater,especiallyforirrigation,mayalsolowerthewatertable.Groundwaterrechargeisanimportantprocessforsustainablegroundwatermanagement,sincethevolume-rateabstractedinthelongtermshouldbelessthanorequaltothevolume-ratethatisrecharged.

Therefore,enrichmentplantingwithbambooandotherspeciesisnecessary.Wetlandsmustalsobeconservedforbiodiversity.

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Plate7:Rehabilitationandimprovementactivities(clockwisefromupperleft):replantingoldplantationwithindigenousspecies;repairofKaruraRiverdrift;buildingofhandicaptoiletfacilityatAmaniGarden;levelingandlandscapingofparkingareanearAmani.

Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,

• Indigenousseedlingshavebeenplantedand72.2haofdegradedsitesintheforesthavebeenclearedofinvasivespeciesandreplanted.

• AllseedlingswerepurchasedfromtheKaruranurserywhichmaintainsanamplesupplyofgoodqualitysuitablestockasopposedtothosesourcedbycorporatewhosequalitycan'tbeauthenticated.

• TheTuracoswampandsurroundingareahavebeenclearedofeucalyptus,thestumpsremovedandtheareareplantedwithindigenoustrees.

• Duetothepolicyinplaceatthetimeofthefirstplan,onlyverylimitedloggingactivitiescouldtakeplaceinasfarasmanagingtheplantationsforprovidingforestproducts.

• However,theremovalofeucalyptusstumpsintheareanorthoftheKaruraRiverasearlierproposedhasnotyetbeenundertaken.

1. Challenges

• Thereisneedtoimplementplantingoperationsduringtherainyseason.Howeversomecorporatepartnersinsistonplantingatthewrongtime.

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• RemovalofLantanacamaraandCeasalpiniadecapetala(Mauritiusthorn)isdifficultduetothethornsalongthestems,thedifficultyinremovingalltherootsandtheeasygerminationoftheseeds,requiringfrequentweedinguntilthegroundiscoveredwithgrass.

• QualityseedlingsoftherightsizeandspeciesareessentialhencetheneedforthemtobesourcedfromtheKaruranursery.

• Makingconcretedecisionsonthefutureoftheveryoldplantationsthatarepasteconomicrotationageinthefaceofunpopularityoffellingtreeswiththepublic.

• Inadequatefundingforsupportingalloperationsincludingoutreachtoinformthepublicofmanagementactivities.

• •

Plate8:KaruraForestTreeNursery

2. Strategy

• Continueusingavailableresourcesandleveragingadditionalfundingfromvariousentitiestoplantindigenoustreeandshrubspeciesinvolvingclearingofinvasives,replantingandtendingofareasunderrehabilitation.

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Plate9:BambooplantingalongthebanksoftheRuakaRiver

3. Actions

• AdapttheKFSplantationmanagementplanaccordingtotherequirementsforrevertingagingplantationstandstonaturalforest.

• Implementaclearsetofrulesforplantingtreesintheforest,(seeappendix4).

• CarryonclearingofLantanaCamara,CeasalpiniadecapetalaandotherinvasivesandreplantingwithindigenousspeciessuitableforKarurawhereverneededintheforest.

• Reduceprogressivelyuntilphaseoutfirewoodcollectiontoprotecttheintegrityoftheecosystemandintroducealternativesourcesofenergy.

• RaiseseedlingsofshrubspeciesindigenoustoKaruratoplantalongtrackstoavoidLantanacamaraandMauritiusthornregrowth.

• Continueusingwomen'sgroupsfromneighbouringcommunitytocarryrehabilitationwork.

Table6:Summaryofmanagementactionsforrehabilitationandmanagementprogramme

ACTION

MEANSOF

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

RESPONSIBLE

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TARGETS VERIFICATION 1 2 3 4 5 ORGANIZATION(S)

TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement

ImplementtheKFSplantationmanagementplanformanagingagingplantationstands

No 1 Reports,records,maps

1 KFS/CFA

Implementaclearsetofrulesforplantingtreesintheforesttobeestablished

No 1 Records 1 KFS/CFA

CarryonclearingofLantanaCamara,

Ha 70 Sitevisits,photos, 1 1 1 1 14 KFS/CFA

CeasalpiniadecapetalaandotherinvasivesandreplantingwithindigenousspeciessuitableforKarurathroughouttheforest

records 4 4 4 4

Reduceprogressivelyuntilphaseoutfirewoodcollectiontoprotecttheintegrityoftheecosystemandintroducealternativesourcesofenergy

Lpsm. various Records x x x x x KFS/CFA

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)

1 2 3 4 5

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Continueusingwomen'sgroupsfromneighbouringcommunitytocarryrehabilitationwork

No 3groups Records,sitevisits,photos

x x x x x KFS/CFA

RaiseseedlingsofshrubspeciesindigenoustoKaruratoplantalongtrackstoavoidLantanacamararegrowth.

No. Various Records,sitevisits,photos

X X X X X CFA

2. PARTICIPATORYFORESTMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME

1. Objective

Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement.

CurrentlyKFSisworkingwiththecommunitiesresidingaroundtheforest.ACommunityForestAssociation,FriendsofKaruraForest,hasbeenestablishedwhichencompassesthecommunitiesadjacenttotheforest.Thecommunitiesbenefitbygettingemploymentduringtreeplanting,collectionoffirewoodandalsokeepbeehivesintheforest.Theinvolvementofthecommunityinmajordecisionmakinginregardtotheforestresourceisinadequate.Byinvolvingtheminthedevelopmentofthisplan,itisexpectedthatagoodbasiswillhavebeenestablishedfortheirenhancedparticipation.

• AjointmanagementagreementhasbeensignedbetweenKFSandFKF.

• TheKFS/FKFjointmanagementcommitteemeetseverymonthtoreviewactivities,issuesandtakeappropriatedecisionsincludingonfinancialmatters.

• Karuraforesthasnotitledeedbutalegalnotice,andtheKFSlegalofficeispursuingwiththelandcommissiontoacquireit.

• FKFenjoyswidespreadsupportduetoitsgoodgovernanceandhasbeenabletomobilisefundstoimplementvariousprojectsintheforest.

• Duetotheoutstandingsuccess,thepartnershipbetweenKFSandFKFasembodiedinthejointmanagementagreementisusedasarolemodelforotherCFAsthroughoutthecountry.

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• FKFhasarepresentativeontheFCC.

3. Challenge

• KaruraForestisasmallforest(1,041.3Ha)surroundedbyhighdensityresidentialareas.ThecommunitieslivingaroundKaruraForestarediversewithdifferentneeds.

4. Strategy

• JointimplementationofthemanagementplanbyKFSandFKFwiththeparticipationofallthestakeholdersthroughestablishedconsultativemechanisms.

5. Actions

• DeepencooperationbetweenKFSandFKF.

• Continuetoholdregularmeetingsofthejointmanagementcommittee.

• StrengthenlinkswiththeFCC.

• ExtendlinkswithotherCFAs.

• ImproveoutreachtothecorporatesectorthroughtheirCSRprogram.

Table7:SummaryofmanagementactionsfortheParticipatoryforestmanagementprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement

Deepenco-operationbetweenKFSandFKF

Lpsm. various MinutesofJMCphotos,magazines,newsletters

x x x x KFS/CFA

Holdregularmeetingsofthejointmanagementcommittee

No 60 Minutes 12 12 12 12 12 KFS/CFA

StrengthenlinkswiththeFCC

No 20 Minutes 4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA

ACTION

MEANSOF

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

RESPONSIBLE

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TARGETS VERIFICATION 1 2 3 4 5 ORGANIZATION(S)

ImproveoutreachtothecorporatesectorthroughtheirCSRprogram

No 20 Phonerecords,letters,personalcontacts

4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA

ExtendlinkswithotherCFAs

No 10 Phonerecords,emails,photos

2 2 2 2 2 KFS/CFA

3. FORESTSAFETYANDSECURITYPROGRAMME1. Objective

Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall.

2. CurrentstatusandmanagementachievementsThere is need to re-establish the boundary to ensure that all beacons are present in thecorrectplace.Karuraforesthasnotitledeedbutwasestablishedthroughalegalnotice.Thelegalofficeisworkingwiththelandcommissiontoacquireatitledeed.Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,• A number of illegal title deeds have been surrendered. Several court cases are on-

goinginvolvingothers.• Sufficientfundswereraisedtofullysecuretheforestwitha15kmelectricfenceand

patrolsby26scoutsand11rangers.Therehavebeennoserioussecurityincidentsintheforestsinceithasbeenopentothepublic.

• The fence is monitored andmaintained on a daily basis, entry/exit points manned

permanentlybygateclerks,scoutsandrangers.• The systematic clearing of Lantana camara and Mauritius thorn has helped to

minimisetheriskoffireintheforest.Lightingfiresandsmokingarestrictlyforbiddenintheforest.Trainingofallstaffinfirefightingiscarriedoutregularly.

3. Challenges

• Cancellationof titledeeds illegally issued in the forest isdifficultdueto theopaque

natureoftheprocess.

4. Strategy

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• Securetheforestland.

5. Actions

• WorkwiththeNationalLandCommissionandfightvigorouslythroughthecourtsfortherevocationofillegaltitles.

• Publicizecasesoflandgrabbingwidelytoleveragepublicopinionagainstlandgrabbing.

• AcquirethetitledeedforKarura.

• SecureanaccesstotheMazingirablock.

• Continuetomaintaintheelectricfenceandrivercrossingsingoodworkingorder.

• Ensurepropermanagementofentrypoints.

• Ensureprotectionfromfires,diseasesandpests.

• Maintainthecurrentfirebreaksandcreatenewonesifnecessary.

• Establishafireoutbreakssurveillancesystem.

• Enhancepatrolsinallpartsoftheforest.

• Trainscoutsandforestguardsinfirefighting.

Table8:SummaryofmanagementactionsforForestprotectionandsecurityprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall

WorkwiththeNationalLandCommissionandengagevigorouslythroughthecourtsfortherevocationofillegaltitles

No 5 Courtrulings,records

1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

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ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Publicisecasesoflandgrabbingwidelytoleveragepublicopinionagainstlandgrabbing

No 5 Pressreleases,articles,interviews

1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

SecureanaccesstotheMazingirablock

No 1 Reports,photos,sitevisit

x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

Continuetomaintaintheelectricfenceandrivercrossingsingoodworkingorder

Lpsm. various Reports,photos,sitevisits

x x x x x KFS/CFA

Ensurepropermanagementofentrypoints

Lpsm. various Records,statistics,inspections

x x x x x KFS/CFA

Ensureprotectionfromfires,diseasesandpests

Lpsm. Various Incidencereports,fieldvisits

0 0 0 0 0 KFS/CFA

Maintainthecurrentfirebreaksandcreatenewonesifnecessary

No 5 Reports,photos,sitevisits

1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

Establishafireoutbreakssurveillancesystem

No 1 report x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

Enhancepatrolsinallpartsoftheforestbytheforestguardsandcommunityscouts

No various Reports,dutyroster,photos

X X X X X KFS/CFA

Trainscoutsandforestguardsinfirefighting

No 5 Reportsontrainingsessions

1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

Maintainvigilanceagainstinvasivespeciesspreadintheforest

Lpsm. various fieldvisits,photos x x x x x KFS/CFA

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4. LOCALCOMMUNITIES'LIVELIHOODSPROGRAMME

1. Objective

Tocontributetotheneedsofthelocalcommunities

Therearevarioususerrightsandlivelihoods(water,medicinalherbs,honey,fuelwood,spiritualnourishment,amongothers)thataccruetocommunitieslivingadjacenttoKaruraForest.Thisismoresoforthedwellersofthefournamedinformalsettlements.Itistheaimofthisplantocontinuemeetingtheserequirementsandtoensuretheirsustainablesupply.Howevernodeliberatesocio-economicstudyhasbeenundertakentofullyappreciatethisrelationship.Itisthereforeintendedtoundertakesuchastudyduringtheimplementationoftheplansoastoadequatelyaddressthelivelihoodmatters.Manyactivitiesrangingfromafforestation,visitorguiding,maintenanceoftracksetc.canbeimplementedjointlywiththecommunitiestoprovidethemwithopportunitiesofekingalivelihood.

• AllsurroundingcommunitiesbothaffluentandlessaffluentarerepresentedontheFKFboard.

• TheJointKFS/FKFcommitteewherealldecisionsaremadeensuresallvoicescanbeheard.

• Thelocalcommunitieshavebenefitedconsiderablyfromthenewmanagementregime.Theforestisnolongeraplaceofdangerforthembutasourceofmanyopportunities.TheJointCommitteeemploys46permanentstaff,36ofthemfromthesurroundinginformalsettlements.Allforestrycontractworkdoneintheforestisfarmedouttowomen'sgroupsfromthosevillages.ThisamountstoKshs300,000permonthonaverage.

• FundshavesuccessfullyraisedforawaterpurificationplantforHurumavillage,afishpondsuppliedwithfingerlings,abeekeepingprojectinvolvingover100hives,afullyequippedhoneyprocessinghouse,beekeepingattireandotherequipmentandtwobeekeepingandbasicbusinessmanagementtrainingcourses.

• AnentrepreneurshiptrainingcourseandaguidingskillscoursehavebeenorganisedforcandidatesfromHuruma.

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• Aschoolbagprojectfor800kidsfromHurumahasbeenfinanced.

• Acomputerclubfor60childrenhasbeenorganised.

3. Challenge

• Theexpectationsfromthelocalcommunitiesareveryhighandareunlikelytobemetinlightofthesmallareaoftheforestanditslocationinthecity.

4. Strategy

• Involvementofallusergroupsinlivelihoodactivities.

5. Actions

• Continuetosupportforestbased,ecosystemfriendly,incomegeneratingactivitiesforlocalcommunities.

• Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletolocalcommunitiesinrecruitmentofstaff.

• Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletowomen'sgroupsfromlocalcommunitywhenawardingclearingandplantingcontracts.

• Continuetocreateemploymentthroughthedevelopmentoflowimpactrecreationalactivities.

Table9:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthelocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovementprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities

Continuetosupportforestbased,ecosystemfriendly,incomegeneratingactivitiesforlocalcommunities

No various reports x x x x x KFS/CFA

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Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletolocalcommunitiesinrecruitmentofstaff

Lpsm. various payroll x x x x KFS/CFA

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ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletowomen'sgroupsfromlocalcommunitywhenawardingclearingandplantingcontracts

No 20 Financialrecords 4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA

Continuetocreateemploymentthroughthedevelopmentoflowimpactrecreationalactivities

No 5 reports 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

5. ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION,ECOTOURISMANDRESEARCHPROGRAMME

1. Objective

Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry.

AlotofresearchworkhasbeenalreadybeenconductedinKaruraForestbyvariousorganizations.Ecotourismandeducationalawarenessprogramshavebeenlaunchedsuccessfully.

Thefollowingarethemanagementachievements,

• Aninventoryof558plantspecieshasbeendone.Over200treeshavebeenlabelledalongthemaintracksshowingthemainspeciestobefoundintheforest.

• Alistof113birdspecieshasbeencompiledandregularbirdwatchingvisitsbyNatureKenyawilladdtothelist.

• Indigenousorchidswhichhaddisappearedfromtheforestthroughpoachinghavebeenreintroduced.

• 3motionactivateddayandnightcamerashaverevealedanumberofpreviouslyunknownanimalspeciespresentintheforest.

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• Wildlifeingeneralhasincreasedsignificantlyintheabsenceofpoaching.Animalshavebecomemuchlessshyofpeopleandareeasilyseenaddingvaluetoavisittotheforest.

• TheColobusmonkey,Colobusguerezakikuyensehavebeensuccessfullyre-introducedintheforestandconstituteanewattraction.

• Duetothevastimprovementinsecurityandinfrastructure,thenumberofvisitorstotheforesthasgrownsignificantlyoverthe5yearsofthefirstSMPandhasreachedanaverageof16,000amonth.KaruraisnowtheNo3attractiontovisitinNairobiaccordingtoTripadvisorwhichhasawardeditaCertificateofExcellencetwoyearsrunning.ThevastmajorityofvisitorsareKenyansshowingthatthereisrealnationalownershipoftheforestwhichhasbeendubbed"thepeople'sforest".Peoplecomeinlargenumberstowalk,jog,cycleorjustenjoybeinginanaturalsetting.

• Forestruleshavebeendevelopedandclearlydisplayedatallentrypointstoregulatevisitors'behaviourintheforest.

• Anattractivewebsitehasbeendesignedandisregularlyupdatedandpopulatedwithinterestingarticles.TheFacebookpageisalsoveryactiveandhasattractedsofarover13000pagelikes.

• TheJointCommitteeandKfeetjointlyemployaneducationofficerwhotakesschoolpartiesandspecialinterestgroupsoneducationaltoursoftheforest.Manythousandsofschoolchildrenvisittheforesteveryyearandgetachancetolearnaboutforestsandtheenvironmentthankstoateachingprogramtargetingdifferentagegroups.

• Theoldsquashcourthasbeenturnedintoanauditoriumforlecturesonforestsandotherenvironmentalmatters.

3. Challenges

Mostoftheactivitiesunderthisprogrammecomponentarelong-term.Theywillrequiresustainedresourcesovertheyears.

4. Strategy

1. Improveeducationandresearchactivitiesintheforest.

1. Actions

• Commissionastudyofthecarbonbalanceintheforest.

• CompletethesurveysofplantsandbirdsinKarura.

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• Commissionsurveysofinsects,reptilesandbutterfliesinKarura.

• Commissionasurveyofmammalsintheforest.

• Linkupwithuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionstoencourageresearchworkintheforest.

• DraftandpublishabookletoftheNaturalHistoryofKarurabasedonthesesurveys.

• Designattractiveinformativepostersaboutthenaturalhistoryoftheforesttobedisplayedinrelevantlocations.

• Setupabutterflyhouse.

• CreatepicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiriamaingate.

• Organiseregularschedulededucationalthemewalksintheforestaiminginparticularatthelucrativetouristmarket.

• PromoteastrusteesofKfeettheestablishmentoftheeducationcentre.

Participateinexchangevisitstootherforests

Table10:Summaryofmanagementactionsforenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry

Commissionastudyofthecarbonbalanceintheforest

No 1 reports x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

CompletethesurveysofplantsandbirdsinKarura

No 1 reports x x x x x KFS,CFA,KWS,NMK

Commissionsurveysofinsects,reptilesandbutterfliesinKarura

No 3 reports x x x x 3 KFS,CFA,NMK

Commissionasurveyofmammalsintheforest

No 1 reports x x x x 1 KFS,NMK,KWS,CFA

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Linkupwithuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions

No 5 Reports,contacts 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

toencourageresearchworkintheforest

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ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

DraftandpublishabookletoftheNaturalHistoryofKarurabasedonthesesurveys

No 1 Reports x x x x x KFS/CFA

Designattractiveinformativepostersaboutthenaturalhistoryoftheforesttobedisplayedinrelevantlocations

No 3 Report,photos x x 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

Setupabutterflyhouse No 1 Sitevisit,photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

CreatepicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiriamaingate

No 2 Report,photos,fieldvisit

1 2 x x x KFS/CFA

PromoteastrusteesofKfeettheestablishmentoftheeducationcentre

No 1 Report,photos x x x x 1 Kfeet,KFS,CFA

Organiseregularschedulededucationalthemewalksintheforestaiminginparticularatthelucrativetouristmarket

No 10 Reports,photos 2 2 2 2 2 KFS,CFA

2. INFRASTRUCTURE,VEHICLES,MACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTPROGRAMME

1. Objective

Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment.

Themovementofvisitorsintheforestrequiresagood,wellmaintainednetworkoftracksandtrails.

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Figure5:KaruraForestroadnetwork

Karuraisuniquenotonlyinitslocation(soclosetothecentreofNairobi)butalsoforotherreasonssuchasitsbeautyspots,examplesofgoodtreemanagementandkilometresofattractivewalks.Theforestisalreadyproducingsubstantialrevenuefromvisitorsandeventsintheforest.

KFSbuildings(officeandoutposts)

Theforester'sofficeandtheofficestoreareindeplorablecondition.TheSMPprovidesforthepresentrangershousesinsidetheforesttobemovedtoHQandofficestobebuiltforKarurastationmanagementstaff.Properhousingfortherangersisamotivationforenhancingtheirperformance.Thereisneedforhousingforatotalof11rangers.

Non-KFSBuildings

Non-KFSbuildingsinclude:aschool(originallyconstructedbytheForestDept.butnowrunbytheNairobiCityCouncil);theTreeBiotechnologyProjectoffice;theBPShellClub;NationalSecurityIntelligenceServiceHeadquarters;CriminalInvestigationDepartment;afacilityforthe

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CentralBankofKenya;theInternationalEarthquakeSensorfortheregion;andKEFRIstationandresidentialquarters.

Vehicles,machineryandequipment

Thereisonetractor,butnoothervehiclespecificallyforuseatKarura.

TheEcosystemconservatorandHOChavetheirofficialvehiclesbuttheyarenotavailablefordutiesintheforest.

Thereareotherpiecesofsmallmachineryandequipmentwhicharecoveredinaseparatetoolinventory(producedquarterlyandavailableonrequest).

Despitetheabovechallenges,thesearethemanagementachievements,

• Over50kmoftrackandtrailshavebeenidentified,improvedandarebeingmaintained.

• 7bridgeshavebeenbuilt.

• Stonestepshavebeenbuilttoimproveaccesstothewaterfallandcaves.

• Thewholenetworkoftrackshasbeensignpostedincluding5circuitsofdifferentlengths.

• Amapoftheforesthasbeenproducedtoguidevisitors.

• Litterbinsandbencheshavebeenputatvariousplacesalongthetracks.

• Entrygates,washroomandstoragefacilitieshavebeenbuiltatLimurugate,Sharksgate,SigiriagateandDuckfarm.

• Parkingareashavebeencreatedatallgates.

• TwoforestguardhouseshavebeenrehabilitatedatLimurugate.

• ElectricityandwaterhavebeenconnectedatLimurugate,ThigirilanegateandSharksgate.

• ApicnicsitehasbeendevelopedoppositeKfeetwithpavedandlitdisabledaccess,35tablesandbenchesfor10peopleeach,swingsandslidesandwashroomfacilitiesincludingadisabledone.

• Aneweventvenuehasbeencreatedattheoldfarmhousesiteandanoldboreholerefurbishedtoimprovewatersupply.Anall-weatheraccessroadandparkingareafor70carshavebeenbuiltforthiseventvenue.

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• Theideaofcampsitesintheforesthasbeenabandonedbecauseofheavyfootprint,theriskoffireandtheveryhighcostofsecurityatnight.

• TheideaofahorseridingstableinSigiriahasalsobeenrejectedbecauseoftheirreconcilableconflictbetweenafewhighimpacthorseridersandthevastmajorityofotherusersoftheforest.

• FKFhasbought3motorbikesforitsstaff.

• 3ATVshavebeenmadeavailablebyKFSbutsparepartsforthemaredifficulttocomebyandtheyareoftenoutoforder.

3. Challenges

• Inadequatefunding.

• Lackoftransport.

4. Strategies

• Provideandmaintainappropriateinfrastructureandequipment.

5. Actions

• BuildanofficeblockforKaruraforeststationandFKFstaff.

• Renewsignageasnecessary.

• BuildaproperentrancegateatLimurugate.

• SecurefundingtomovethevillagehousesinsidetheforesttoHQ.

• BuildafootbridgeovertheLimururoadtolinkthemainblockandSigiria.

• BuildaropecolobridgeovertheLimuruandKiamburoads.

• Obtain24x4pickupstobeusedforforestryandpatrolsinKarura.

• SecurepermissiontouseroadbuildingequipmentwhenpresentatHQformaintenanceoftracks.

• PavethemaintrackfromtheLimururoadtoKfeet.

• BuildatuckshopatLimur,SharksandSigiriagateandDuckfarm.

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Table11:Summaryofmanagementactionsfortheinfrastructure,vehicles,machineryandequipmentprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment

BuildanofficeblockforKaruraforeststationandFKFstaff

No 1 Report,photos,fieldvisits

x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

RenewsignageasnecessaryNo various photos x x x x x KFS/CFA

BuildaproperentrancegateatLimurugate

No 1 photos x x 1 x x KFS/CFA

SecurefundingtomovethevillagehousesinsidetheforesttoHQ

Kshs photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

BuildafootbridgeovertheLimururoadtolinkthemainblockandSigiria.

No 1 photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

BuildropecolobridgesovertheKiambuandLimururoads

No 2 photos x 2 x x x KFS/CFA

Obtaina4x4pickuptobeusedforKaruraforestmanagementactivities

No 1 logbook x 1 x x x KFS/CFA

Undertakemaintenanceoftracks.(BysecuringpermissiontouseroadbuildingequipmentwhenpresentatHQ)

Km various photos x x x x x KFS/CFA

TarmacthemaintrackfromtheLimururoadtoKfeet

Km 1 photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA

BuildatuckshopatSharksgate,SigiriaandDuckfarm

No 3 photos x 1 1 1 x KFS/CFA

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3. HUMANRESOURCESPROGRAMME

1. Objective

Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan

The current staff of Karura station is listed in table 5 below. There is also a separate trustrunning a tree cloning project employing approx. 70 people. It is expected that withimplementationofthisplan,morejobopportunitiesforthelocalcommunitieswillbecreatedandequallythestrengthofKFSstaffwillberaisedtooptimallevelsoastomeetthechallenge.

Table12:StaffstrengthinKaruraforestStaffcadre Currentstrength Desiredstrength VarianceForeststationmanager 1 1 0AssistantForeststationmanager 1 1 0SeniorClericalOfficer 1 1 0Clerical/accountsclerk 0 1 1Clerk 0 1 1StoreKeeper 0 1 1Forestguards 11 14 3Artisan 0 1 1PlantOperator 0 1 1Drivers 0 1 1Subordinatestaff 2 4 2Casuals 23 30 7 26 26 0 0 3 3

Thefollowingarethemanagementachievements:

• TheJointCommitteeemploys26scoutstopatroltheforest,collectlitter,cleartrailsandtheelectricfence,manthegatesdayandnight,ensuresecurityduringeventsandguidevisitors,8clerkscollectentrancefeesatthegates,10treecarersclear,weed,waterandconductothermaintenanceactivitiesintheforestincludinglookingafterthepicnicsite,Amanigarden,Amanieventvenueandobstaclecourse.

• The jointmanagementcommitteealsoemploys : 1accountantand1eventmanager.Kfeetemploysaneducationofficer.G4Ssecondsanlogisticsandsecuritymanager

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3. Strategy

ProvideadequatehumanresourcestoimplementtheSMP.

4. Actions

• Provideregulartrainingprogramsforallstaff.

• Recruitstaffasrequirementsevolveandtheneedsarise

Table13:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthehumanresourcesprogramme

ACTION

5YEARTARGETS

MEANSOFVERIFICATION

TIMEFRAME(YEARS)

1 2 3 4 5

Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan

Provideregulartrainingprogramsforallstaff

No 5 Reports,photos 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA

Recruitstaffasrequirementsevolveandtheneedarises

No various payroll x x x x x KFS/CFA

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2. PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT

1. PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDSUSTAINABILITY

The Karura Joint Management Committee will work with the different stakeholders toensurethattheplanisimplemented.Institutionalarrangementsfortheplanimplementationaregivenin(AppendixI).

2. FINANCIALMANAGEMENT

GiventheunprecedentedsuccessofKaruraasarecreationalforest,itsrevenuebasehasnowexpanded enough to reach self-sufficiency in recurrent expenditure. KFS provides the Karuraforeststationstaff.Karura'sexcellenttrackrecordingoodgovernancehasallowedforeffectivefund raising for a wide array of projects which have been successfully implemented in theforest.Revenuestreamshavebeendiversifiedfromsimplegatecollectiontoeventswithanewvenueadded,animprovedpicnicsiteandcyclingcircuit.

Financial supervision is carried out through the joint committee reviewing accountsmonthlyand approving all financial transactions. This sound financial management is a guarantee ofsustainability and will continue during the second SMP according to the concept of PFMembodiedintheForestsAct.

3. RESOURCEMOBILIZATION

Revenue generation within Karura for the period 2010-2015 is shown in the tables below.Proposedprogrammesandactivitiesareaimedatincreasingtherevenuebasefromtheforestecosystem.

Table14:Karuraforeststationrevenuecollectionfortheperiod2010to2015

Year Total

2010/11 1,099,5302011/12 1,439,2102012/13 2,883,6322013/14 11,938,6542014/15 9,563,565Total 26,924,591

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Table15:Revenuesfromgates,picnicsandothereventsYear Total

2012 7,617,4952013 11,868,0702014 21,154,1652015 35,270,640Total 40,639,730

Thetablesindicateanupwardtrendinrevenuecollectionandareanindicationofthesuccessofthe2010-2014SMP.Acontinuedincreaseinrevenuecollectionisexpectedbyimplementingtheimprovementsproposedinthisplan.

Abrieflistoftheimmediateforeseencostcentresandpotentialsourcesofrevenuearelistedhereunder:

Forestryactivities:

a)Forestregeneration

b)Plantingofbambooalongtheriversandshrubsalongthetracks;and,

c)RemovalofLantanacamara,Mauritiusthornandotherinvasivesthroughouttheforest.

Generalsecurity:

a)Fencing;

b)One4x4pickupvehicleandtwopatrolvehicles;

c)Firetower;and

d)OfficesforKarurastationandFKFstaff.

e)3tuckshops

Educationalandrecreationalactivities:

a)EducationCentre;

b)PicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiria;

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c)BridgeoverLimururoad;and

d)MonkeybridgesLimuruandKiamburoads.

KaruraForestoffice:

a)One4x4pick-upvehicle;

b)New/renovatedhousing(approx.6extrahouses);and

c)MovingrangersvillageoutoftheforesttoHQ.

Sourcesofincome:

a)Entrancefees;

b)Picnics;

c)Events;and

d)Guidedwalks.

Atthepresenttimeitisnotpossibletoprovideexactfiguresfortheabovecostsandrevenuesasthefundraisingsituationisveryfluid.

4. FUNDRAISINGSTRATEGIES

Karuranowhasasolidreputationasawellgoverned,wellmanagedforestwhenitcomestoimplementingprojectslargeandsmall.Donorshavebeenveryinterestedinfundingvariouslowfootprintactivitieswithclearobjectivesandmeasurableresults.ThesamefundraisingstrategywillbepursuedaccordingtotheobjectivesandactionsfeaturedinthisSMP.

5. GUIDINGPRINCIPLESFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN

KFSandFKFthroughthejointmanagementcommitteeandthecollaboratingstakeholdersarecommittedtoadherestrictlytothefollowingguidingprinciplesforthedurationofthe5yearplan:

a)Tooperateandmaintainanefficientrunningprogrammefortheplan;

b)Tobeaccountabletodonors,membership,andDirectorofKFS

c)Tobemindfuloftheneedsofthemostvulnerablemembersofcommunitiesusingtheforest

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d)Topracticeatransparentprocessforalldecisionmakingandaccountability;and,

e)Toalwaysbeavailableforcommunicationanddiscussion,opentoideas,suggestionsandadvicefromothers.

6. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT

Manipulationofanecosystemresultstonegativeimpactsaffectingthedynamicsofthesystemanditsabilitytosupplygoodsandservices.Environmentalimpactassessmentidentifiesthesenegativeimpactsandprovidesmeansofmitigationforthewelfareofhumanandotherspeciesdependentonsuchecosystems.Itprovidesamechanismonprojectplanning,implementingandintegratingenvironmentalconservation,managementanddevelopment.Ittakescognizanceofthesocial,physicalandbiologicalcomponentoftheenvironmenttoensureminimalnegativeimpactsaswellaspromotingenvironmentalbenefits.EIAshouldbecarriedoutforallproposedmajordevelopmentactivitieswithintheecosystemtoidentifynegativeimpactsandtheirmitigationmeasures.

Table16:SummaryofnegativeimpactsandmitigationmeasuresofplannedactivitiesDevelopment/activity Negativeimpacts Mitigationmeasures

Constructionofroads,buildingsetc.

Environmentalpristinealteration.

Vegetationdestruction.

Noisepollution

Shouldblendwithenvironment

Properdisposalofbuildingwaste

Establishment of recreational sites andnaturetrails

Vegetationdestruction

Wildlifedisturbanceanddisplacement

Picnicsitesshouldbeaccessedvianaturetrailsifinsideforestedareas

Picnicsitesshouldhavenooff-roaddrives

Alongnaturetrails,notreecuttingshouldbedone,exceptclearingofundergrowthalongthem

Picnicsitesshouldhavelitterbinsorbagstobecarriedawaybypartiesfordisposalatlitterdisposalsites

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Developmentofaccessroads Vegetationdestruction

Soilerosion

Wildlifedisturbanceanddisplacement

Wildlifebreedingsitesdestroyed

Properroadalignmentmustbedone

Reducevegetationdestructionasmuchaspossible

Oldroadsortracksintheforestshouldbemaintainedwithminimalenvironmentaldisturbance

Gooddrainageandreducedsoilerosionshouldbeensured

7. PLANMONITORINGANDEVALUATION

1. Background

Monitoringandevaluationofthemanagementplanisessentialsinceitprovidesabasisforcorrection,adjustment,andimprovementtotheproposedgoals,targetedactivitiesandassessmentoftheachievementsattained.Duringthisstage,problemsencounteredinimplementationofplannedactivitiesareidentifiedandstrategiestoaddressthemoutlined.Notwithstanding,areflectionofthepastismadeinabidtomakingthefuturesuccessful.

2. Method

Afive-yearMonitoringandEvaluationPlanwillbeformulatedandreviewedregularlyduringtheplanperiod.Amidandendtermevaluationswillbecarriedouttoassessprogressintheimplementationofplannedactivities,achievementofobjectives,andanalyzeandaddressconstraintsencounteredintheprocess.Itwillalsoprovideessentialinformationthatcanbeusedinrevisingthemanagementplan.

Continuousmonitoringduringtheimplementationperiodwillbemaintainedthroughpreparationandsubmissionofmonthly,quarterly,halfyearandannualprogressreportsfromtheJMCtotheHOC.

3. Responsibilities

Monitoringprogressreportsshouldbepreparedandsubmittedonamonthly,quarterly,half-yearlyandannually.Projectmonitoringmaybeundertakenwitherinternallyorexternally.Internalmonitoringshouldbeencouragedtoinvolvetheparticipationoftheforestadjacentcommunitiesandotherstakeholders,whomayassistinassessingtheirprogressoneachoftheprogram'sactivityimplementationlevels,whichcanbeusedforprojectevaluation.Externalmonitoringispreferredwheretechnicalrequirementsareneededandshouldbeundertakeninconsultationwiththecommunity,keystakeholdersandotherimplementingagencies.

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Inordertoimplementthemanagementplanefficiently,thefollowingmonitoringactivitiesareintendedtobeimplemented,

3. SecuritywillbeprovidedbytheKFSrangersandcommunityscoutsona24hourbasis,throughdailypatrollingofthefenceandforest.

4. Regularvisitsandspotcheckswillbeorganizedforthesecurityteam.

5. Periodicmeetings(monthly)oftheJointForestManagementCommitteewillbeconvened.

6. Anannualforumwillbeheld(towhichtheKaruraForeststakeholderswillbeinvited)toassessprogressmadetowardsthegoalsspelledoutinthemanagementplan.Asitevisitwillbeorganizedeverythreemonths.

1. Successindicators

Successindicatorsprovideameasureofassessingwhethersettargetsarebeingachieved.Successindicatorswillbeagreeduponbetweentheleadagenciesfordifferentcategoriesofmanagementactivitiestoassesstheachievementofthesettargetsforeachactivityinthemanagementplan.

2. Proposedmanagementactions

1. Developmonitoringguidelines(monitoringteamandstakeholders).

2. Monitorimpactoftheforestuse(monitoringteamandstakeholders).

3. Monitortheimplementationofplanprogrammes(monitoringteamandstakeholders).

Table17:MonitoringindicatorsProgrammes Indicatorsofsuccess Meansofverification AssumptionsRehabilitationandmanagement1. State/quality of the

naturalforest.2. Arearehabilitated.

3. KFSandCFArecords 1. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.

2. Availabilityofresources.

Participatoryforestmanagement

1. Incomegeneratedfromsaleofforestproducts.

2. No.ofindigenousseedlingssown.

3. Area replanted byindigenous treespecies.

4. Arearehabilitated.

5. Surveys.6. KFSrecords.7. Resourceinventory.

8. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.

9. Availabilityoffunds.

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Forestprotectionandsecurity 1. Incidencesofillegalharvestingreported.

2. No.ofarrestsandprosecutionsinalawcourt.

3. Performanceoftheforestguardsandcommunityscouts.

4. No.offorestfireincidents.

5. KFS,CFAandcommunityscoutsrecords.

6. Policerecords.

8. Goodworkingrelationshipsamongstakeholders.

9. Availabilityoffirefightingequipment.

Programmes Indicatorsofsuccess Meansofverification AssumptionsLocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovement

1. No.andtypesofIGAs.2. Compositionof

decision-makingstructure.

3. No.ofNBEs.4. Incomegenerated

fromNBEs.5. No.ofpeople

employed.6. No.andtypeof

technologiesadopted.7. No.oftrainingsheld

andexchangetoursorganized.

8. No.andtypesofforestproductsonthemarket.

10. CFArecords.11. Community

managementcommittees.

12. CFAfinancialrecords.13. Sitevisits.14. Trainingreports,M&E

reports.15. Minutes,visitors'book

recordsandtrainingrecords.

16. Marketsurveys.17. CFArecords,M&E

reports.18. Sitevisits.

21. Availabilityofresourcesandmarkets.

22. SuccessinNBEdevelopment.

Environmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearch

1. No.ofstudiesandsurveyscommissioned

2. No.ofecotourismactivitiesestablished

3. CFArecords.4. CFAfinancialrecords.5. Sitevisits.6. Trainingreports,M&E

reports.7. Minutes,visitors'book

recordsandtrainingrecords.

8. M&Ereports.9. Sitevisits.

12. Availabilityofresourcesandmarkets.

13. Successinecotourismactivitiesdevelopment.

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Humanresources 1. No.oftrainingsconducted

2. No.ofnewstaffrecruited

3. KFSandCFArecords4. Payrollrecords

7. Successinhumanresourcedevelopment.

1. InstitutionalArrangementsforPlanImplementation

The successful implementation of themanagement plan necessitates the use of appropriateandintegratedinstitutionalandorganizationalstructuresthatexistintherelevantinstitutions.Field organization for the implementation of the plan at the forest station level will beimplemented by the JointManagement Committee (see appendix 1). It brings together keystakeholders to manage the implementation process of the plan as identified in theconsultative process. It will also provide a forum for dialogue, consensus building, prioritysetting and balancing of the various interests involved. The Joint Management committeecomprisesof,

• RepresentativesfromtheKFS.

• RepresentativesfromtheCFA.

• Otherstakeholdersintheareaastheneedarises.

ThiswillassisttheCFAinimplementationoftheJMA.

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8. REFERENCES

GOK,1970,TrustLandActchapter299,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK,AgricultureActChapter318,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK,(1994)Agriculture/NationalFoodPolicy(SessionalPaperNo.2),TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK(2008),Vision2030,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK,(2006)EnergyAct,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK(1968)TheForestPolicyforKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya

GOK (1970) TheGovernment LandAct Chapter 280 Lawsof Kenya. TheGovernment Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK(1970)TheTrustLandsActChapter288LawsofKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.Confirm

GOK (1970) The Survey Act Chapter 299, Laws of Kenya The Government Printer, Nairobi,Kenya.Confirm

GOK (1977) The LandAdjudicationAct Chapter 284 Lawsof Kenya. TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK (1977) The Registered Land Act Chapter 300 Laws of Kenya. The Government Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK (1986)The LocalGovernmentActChapter265 LawsofKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK (2013). TheWildlife (Conservation andManagement) Kenya. The Government Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK(1994)TheKenyaNationalEnvironmentPlan(NEAP)Report.MinistryofEnvironmentandNaturalResources.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK (1999) TheEnvironmentalManagement andCoordinationAct (EMCA). TheGovernmentprinters,Nairobi,Kenya

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GOK (2000) Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2000-2003 available athttp://www.imf.org/external/NP/prsp/2000/ken/01/INDEX.HTM#VII

GOK(2002).TheWaterAct2002.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK(2005)ForestsAct2005,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

GOK (2005)SessionalPaperNo.9of2005onForestPolicyTheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.

MENR. (1994). Kenya Forestry Master Plan: Development Programmes. Ministry ofEnvironmentandNaturalResources:Nairobi,Kenya.

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9. APPENDICES

1. APPENDIX1:INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSFORPLANIMPLEMENTATION

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2. APPENDIX2:DETAILSOFTHEPLANTATIONSWITHINKARURA(2008NRMDATA,PRESENTLYUNDERREVISION2016)

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BLOCK SPECIES SUB-COMP AREA AGE DENSITY KARURA Cup.tororosa 17A 5.3Ha 51years

" Cup.lustanica 9C 2.0Ha 39years " Araucariacunninghamii 18A 10.5Ha 51years

Araucariacunninghamii 18B 6.5Ha 51years Araucariacunninghamii 18C 3.7Ha 54years Araucariacunninghamii 13D 4.1Ha 49years Araucariacunninghamii 29A 1.2Ha 48years Araucariacunninghamii 34D 1.7Ha 58years Araucariacunninghamii 27A 7.7Ha 49years Eucalyptus NearHQsOffices 4.1Ha 89years Coppice Eucalyptus 12C 3.2Ha 86years Coppice Eucalyptusmaculata 12B 1.8Ha 46years Coppice Eucalyptuspaniculata 12A 2.4Ha 46years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 14A 3.0Ha 47years Coppice Eucalyptuspaniculata&saligna 21A 4.5Ha 55years Coppice KARURA Eucalyptussaligna 24C 4.1Ha 58years Coppice

Eucalyptussaligna 24D 8.9Ha 43years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna&maculata 30A 8.9Ha 58years Coppice SIGIRIA Cupressustorurosa 43A 2.3Ha 49years

Cupressustorurosa 49A 6.0Ha 49years SIGIRIA Cupressustorurosa 42B 11.3Ha 52years SIGIRIA Eucalyptussaligna 40A 8.9Ha 57years Coppice

Eucalyptussaligna 44A 6.1Ha 79years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 44C 1.2Ha 75years Coppice Eucalyptusmix 45A 2.0Ha 74years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 45B 2.0Ha 58years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 46A 9.7Ha 83years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 46B 4.1Ha 84years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 48A 12.5Ha 48years Coppice Eucalyptusmix 51A 8.5Ha 52years Coppice

3. APPENDIX3:MANDATEOFTHEKARURAJOINTMANAGEMENT

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COMMITTEE1. Promotethesustainabledevelopmentoftheforestforclimateamelioration,soil,and

waterandbiodiversityconservation;

2. Carryoutinventoriesandevaluationofforestresourcesandtheirpotentialutilization,inordertogenerateaccurateinformationfordecisionmaking;

3. EmpowerlocalcommunitiestomanagetheforestthroughCommunityForestAssociation;

4. Ensurethatforestplantationsaresustainablymanagedtorealizetheirmaximumpotential;

5. Supportforestmanagementwhichwillembracepreservationofreligiousandculturalsites,traditionalmedicalsources,watercatchments,andhabitatsforendemicandthreatenedspeciesoffloraandfauna;

6. Promotegoodgovernanceintheforestsector;

7. EnsurethatKaruraForestReserve,beinglargelyindigenous,remainsreserved;

8. Determineandappropriatethestatusoftheforest,andtakerestorationmeasures;

9. PromoteparticipatoryforestmanagementapproachestoensuretheparticipationofcommunitiesandotherstakeholdersinthemanagementofKaruraForestReserve;

10. Ensurethatusersbenefitingfromtheforestcontributetotheconservationandmanagementthroughtheuserpayprinciple;

11. Promoteinsectfarmingandothersustainable,non-harmfulusesofforest;

12. Ensurethatforestplantationsareefficientlymanagedandoperatedonacommercialbasis;

13. Ensurethatdegradedandoverexploitedareasarerehabilitatedbycommunityassociationswithgovernmentsupport;

14. Developlowimpactrecreationandecotourismfacilities;

15. Liberaliseseedlingsproduction;

16. Promotevalueaddedforestproducts;

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17. Applicationofforestryresearchfindings;

18. Supportpublicawarenesscreationwithregardtoforestconservationmanagementandutilization;

19. Protecttraditionalinterestsoflocalcommunitiescustomarilyresidentwithinoraroundaforest;

20. Respectculturalpracticesthatarecompatiblewithsustainableforestmanagement;

21. Enhancemoreopportunitiesforwomenandyouthintheforestthroughtrainingandeducation;and,

22. PromoteHIV/AIDSawareness.

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1. APPENDIX4:KENYAFORESTSERVICE(KFS)ANDFRIENDSOFKARURAFOREST(FKF)-STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENTPOLICYFORTREEPLANTINGINKARURAFOREST

1. Context

KFSandFKFarelookingforgreaterstakeholderparticipationinForestryconservationandtreeplanting.KFSandFKFhaveestablishedguidelinestoengagestakeholdersatvariouslevelstoensureawin-winsituationwherethegoalsofstakeholdersaremetatthesametimerecognizingKFS/FKFinputs

2. KFSandFKFAuthority,BrandingandRecognition

23. Allengagementsofthesetguidelineswillbecovered,ifnecessary,byasignedagreement

24. KFSandFKFwillbeconsultedandinvolvedatalltimesonplannedarrangementandprogressthereafter.

25. KFSandFKFwilldelegatetechnicalKFSandFKFstafftoprovidealltechnicalsupportforintendedtreeplantingengagements

26. Allpublicityactivitiese.gpressrelease,mediabriefingsetconengagementmustinvolveallentitiestotheengagementandinformationcirculatedpriortoevents

27. Forlaunchactivities,KFSandFKFmustbeinvolvedintheentireprocessandprovidedwithaplatformtocontributeintheevente.g.DirectorKFSandChairFKFmakeaspeech.KFSandFKFexhibititsproducts.KFSandFKFlogoandsloganmustbeusedinallcommunicationsregardingengagementbyexampleinbrochures,fillers,billboards,bannersandallformsandtypesofcommunicationsrelatedtotheeventincludingmentionsonradioandotherelectronicmediacommunication.

1. KFSandFKFContribution

1. KFSandFKFshallarrangetoundertakeallnecessarymeasurestoensuresuccessoftheagreements.

`Page|93

1. Treeplanting

2. KFSandFKFwillmakeavailableasiteforthetreeplantingexercise,willpreparethesitefortreeplanting,willprovidethetreesforplanting(fromtheKaruraNursery)andwillensureaftercareoftrees(fornolessthanthreeyears)toguaranteetheirsurvival.

ThecosttodoalltheabovewillKSH350pertreetoberevisedfromtimetotime.ChequestocoverthetreeplantingexpensesneedtobemadeoutinadvancetoFriendsofKaruraForest.

Karura Forest Strategic Management Plan

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