JUTE FIBER

Submitted by:

Md Naim Hasan Towhid

JUTE is also Known as the Golden Fiber. It grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate. Its leading producers are India and Bangladesh.

Jute is the plant of the genus Corchorus of the iliciae family. The principle two botanical species of jute as follows:

Corchorus capsularies (white jute)Corchorus Olitorius (dark jute or tossa)

HISTORY OF JUTEIntegral part of culture of Bengal for centuries.19th & 20th century raw jute was carried off to UKIndustry boomed after invention of machine 1901Appearance of synthetic fiber in 1970Trade declined largely in following yearsBetween 2004-2009 market recovered & price increased more than 200%

CULTIVATION OF JUTE Once our economy was largely dependent to jute and it was our main crop to earn the highest amount of foreign currency. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) has developed. The cultivation of jute follows the steps Below:

Land preparationUse of pesticidesSowing the seed in time

at proper distance IrrigationCutting the jute plant

Jute rottingFiber collectionWashing and dyeing Fiber processing

ProcessingThe extraction on preparation of jute fiber involves the traditional method of retting. During this simple, yet skilled process, jute fiber is loosened with wooden mallets before being carefully washed and dried in the sun.

The dried jute fibers are then graded by quality before being baled and sent to manufacturers ready for weaving into jute rugs.

Washing and Drying

Spinning

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JUTEJute is a cellulosic fiber. Its repeating unit is also cellulosic. Jute is composed of 65T cellulose and 35% natural wages, oils and cements (lignin)

The Chemical Composition of Jute is given below

Components Percentage (%)

Cellulose 65.2

Hemi-cellulose 22.2

Lignin 10.8

Water soluble 1.5

Fat and wax 0.3

Physical PropertiesNo Parameters Values/Result

1 Tenacity (g/den) 3.5-4.5 or (40-70 g/tex)

2 Length 0.2-30 inch

3 Stretch and Elasticity Not good and 2% elongation at break

4 Resiliency Not very good

5 Abrasion resistance Relatively good

6 Dimensional stability Good

7 Moisture regain 13.75%

8 Specific gravity 1.48-1.50

9 Color Yellowish, Yellow, Brown, Golden

10 Heat resistance Good

11 Specific Heat 0.324

12 Diameter 18 micron

13 Cross section Uneven, thick cell wall with lumen

Chemical Properties No Parameters Values/Result

1 Effect of bleaching Not affected by oxidizing and reducing bleaching agents

2 Effect of acid Destroyed by hot concentrated acids. Dilute acids can’t do harm to the fiber

3 Effect of alkali Strong alkali destroy the fiber and strength reduces

4 Organic solvent Resistant to organic solvents

5 Effect of mildews Better than cotton and linen

6 Effect of insects Resistance is good

7 Dye-ability Good, easily dyed

8 Electrical and Thermal conductivity

Moderate

DEFECTS OF JUTE FIBER Rooty fiber: This problem is caused by

improper decomposition or Retting of Jute. Specky /Spotted fiber: Improper retting and

washing causes foreign materials to stuck with the fiber and spot is created.

Croppy fiber: The fibers at the top of the plant become sticky and rough. If the plants don’t immerse in to the water properly while retting can cause this problem.

Weak fiber: Over retting, bundling in wet condition and storing for long time reduces fiber strength can cause this problem

Sticky fiber: If fiber is collected from immature plant the stick of the plant may come with the fiber while fiber collection.Knotty fiber: This problem is caused by insects which causes difficulty in fiber collection.Dead fiber: Over ageing, over retting or storing wet fiber for long time reduces fiber strength, color.Hunka fiber: Hard and strong cuticle or outer layer of the plant can cause this problem to the jute fiber.Mossy fiberHeart damageTransit or exterior damage

USAGE OF JUTE Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds of agricultural produces, minerals, cement etc. Packs for packing wool and cotton Wrapping materials/ Fabrics Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum Cordage and twines Webbing to cover inner springs in auto-seats and upholster furniture Cargo separator in ship

Cloth foe mine ventilation and partition Filling material in cable Roofing and Floor covering apparel Footwear lining Wall covering and furnishing fabric Soil erosion control fabric and many more

Thank you