Post on 27-Mar-2015
Julian Wilson, Climate Change Unit
http://ccu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/home.phphttp://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
The GAW World Data Centre for AerosolsWhy? What?and what next?
http://wdca.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Ispra 18th December 2008 CCU Seminar 1
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 2
Why is there a GAW world data centre at CCU?
What does the World Data Centre for Aerosols do?
What will it do in the future?
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 3
Why is there a GAW world data centre at CCU?
Some Acronyms……
GEO: Group on Earth Observations (2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development & G8) co-ordinates efforts to build GEOSS.
GEOSS: Global Earth Observation System of Systems: components covering Disasters; Health; Energy; Climate; Agriculture; Ecosystems; Biodiversity; Weather
GCOS: Global Climate Observing System established 1992 (WMO, IOC, UNEP, ICSU) = adopted as the climate observation component of GEOSS. GCOS calls for systematic observations of ECVs to serve needs of UNFCCC & IPCC.
ECVs: Essential Climate Variables 44 variables plus soil moisture needed to
describe the climate.
WMO/GAW: World Meteorological Organisation Global Atmosphere Watch Aerosol Network is the GCOS network for Aerosol Properties ECV.
WDCA is the World Data Centre for the WMO/GAW Aerosol Network. WDCA is one of principal direct actions by the European Commission (as opposed to indirectly supported through project funding) that supports GCOS.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 4
Why: Essential Climate Variables
Domain Essential Climate Variables
Atmospheric(over land, sea and ice)
Surface: Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed & direction, Water vapour.Upper-air: Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance), Upper-air temperature (including MSU radiances), Wind speed & direction, Water vapour, Cloud properties.Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other long-lived greenhouse gases[1], Aerosol properties.
Oceanic
Surface: Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level, Sea state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean colour (for biological activity), Carbon dioxide partial pressure.Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton.
Terrestrial[2]
River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance, Soil moisture[3].
[1] Including nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and
perfluorocarbons (PFCs).[2] Includes runoff (m3 s-1), ground water extraction rates (m3 yr-1) and location, snow cover extent (km2) and duration, snow depth (cm), glacier/ice cap inventory and mass balance (kg m-2 yr-1), glacier length (m), ice sheet mass balance (kg m-2 yr-1) and extent (km2), permafrost extent (km2), temperature profiles and active layer thickness, above ground biomass (t/ha), burnt area (ha), date and location of active fire, burn efficiency (%vegetation burned/unit area).[3] ] Recognized as an emerging Essential Climate Variable (not part of the 44).
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 5
Why: Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
GAW established in 1989 by the Eleventh World Meteorological Congress (Cg-XI) as a major priority program. The mission of GAW is:
1. make reliable, comprehensive observations of the chemical composition and selected physical characteristics of the atmosphere on global and regional scales;
2. provide the scientific community with the means to predict future atmospheric states;
3. organize assessments in support of formulating environmental policy
Comprises five measurement programs: Ozone & UV, GHGs & Reactive Gases, Precipitation Chemistry, Aerosols & Solar radiation.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 6
What: GAW
SAG Aerosol, chairman (until 2009):Dr. Urs Baltensperger
(PSI, CH)
(WCC) for Physical Aerosol Instrumentation: Dr. Ali Wiedensohler
(IfT, DE)
GAWTEC IV, VI, VIII, Schneefernhaus, Zugspitze etc.
WDC Aerosols (IES JRC, IT)http://wdca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 7
What – GAW Aerosol Program
The SAG Aerosol recommends that the GAW aerosol program include:for regional stations any one, or more of the following:
optical depth mass (preferably in two size fractions) major chemical components in two size fractions light scattering coefficient
for global stations as many as possible of the following: optical depth mass in two size fractions major chemical components in two size fractions light scattering & hemispheric backscattering coefficients at various wavelength light absorption coefficient aerosol number concentration cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at 0.5% supersaturation diffuse, global and direct solar radiation
intermittently: aerosol size distribution; detailed size fractionated chemical composition;
dependence of aerosol properties on relative humidity; CCN spectra at various supersaturations; LIDAR measurements and other altitude profiles.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 8
What: WDCA activities
Data SubmissionData and Metadata Format:NARSTO data exchange standard (DES) extended CSV. NARSTO DES includes all the file metadata. Additional files provide more detailed information.Submission:Data are sent by ftp or email Quality Analysis at WDCA:NARSTO quality analysis system – checks conformity with the DES and internal integrity of the data. QA summary added to each file archived, only posted to ftp site when no errors/warnings.
Data RetrievalProcedure:Data available online from WDCA server and ftp. Data also supplied by emailCatalogue:Static & map based catalogue on WDCA serverArchive:Both NARSTO and non-NARSTO archives accessible via ftp.Data:Data in NARSTO DES format.Data usage:free scientific use, acknowledgement of data originator for substantive use.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 9
What: NARSTO Data Exchange Standard
WDCA uses the NARSTO Data Exchange Standard both for submission and distribution of data – extended comma separated value ASCII format:
data files can either be prepared in a spreadsheet, e.g. using the free excel template, or by scripts/programs, depending on data management at a particular site.
The NARSTO DES is used by EPA, MSC, & IMPROVE in the N. America, WDCA & is an output option for NILU/EMEP (Co-ordinated data submission for european sites).
The Data Exchange Standard has been used for exchanging aerosol physical and chemical data from aerosol chemistry to single particle analysis.
It is supported by a quality assurance science centre: http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/programs/NARSTO/narsto.html and each user community has its own quality assurance centre, WDCA in the case of GAW.
Attempts to ensure that ALL relevant meta-data for informed use of data now & in future are available together with the data – ideal for long term archive such as WDCA
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 10
What: NARSTO File Structure, Metadata!
HEADER
FLAGS
SITE
DATA
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 11
What: NARSTO Flags
Every data record is required to have a quality flagOnly report valid (V1) or qualified valid (V2-V7) valuesInvalid values set to missing, avoids their inadvertent use
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 12
What: Data sets available
Parameter Number of stations submitting data
Period covered Total N station years (files)
Aerosol Optical Depth 16 1987-2007 133
Aerosol Chemical Composition
58 1981-2006 290
CCN 1 1999-2006 8
CN 14 1974-2007 217
Light Absorption / EBC 11 1988-2007 119
Light scattering & back scattering
14 1974-2007 170
Size distribution 3 2000-2007 19
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 13
What: Data sets available
AOD Chem. Composition CN
Lscat & Bscat Labs Size dist.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 14
Submission class AOD LScat Labs CN Size dist PM Chem PM CCN LIDAR
Alert 1 1989-2001(a) 1992-1995
Ny Alesund 1/3 2003-2005 2000-2004 1995 (1989-2004)
Point Barrow 2 1976-1998 (-2005) 1988-1998 (-2005) 1976-1998 (-2005) 1997-2003 1997-2003
Pallas 1/3 2000-2003 1996-2002 (2003) 2000-2003
Mace Head 1/3 2001-2005 2000 (2001-2004) 1989-2002 1991-1994 2000-2005 1992-1994
Hohenpeissenberg 1 1993-2005 1999-2004 (-2005) 1995-2004 (-2005) 2001-2004 (-2005) 1997-2002
Zugspitze 1 2003-2004
Jungfraujoch 1/3 1999-2005 1995-2002 (-2005) 1995-2000 (-2005) 1995-2002 (-2005) 1997-1998 1995 (1999-2001)
Mount Waliguan (b)
Izana 1 2001-2005 1992-1995
Minamitorishima 1 2003-2004
Assekrem
Mauna Loa 2 2000-2005 1975-1999 (-2005) 1990-1999 (-2005) 1975-1999 (-2005) 1992-1995
Mount Kenya
Bukit Kototabang
Arembepe
American Samoa 2 1977-1991 1977-1997
Cape Point 1992-1996
Amsterdam Island
Lauder
Cape Grim 1 2003 1983-1996
Ushuaia
Neumayer 1 2003 (-2005) 1993-2003 (-2005)
South Pole 2 1979-1999 (-2005) 1987-1999 (-2005) 1974-1999 (-2005)
global station/key parameter 1 = narsto by originator NARSTO format at WDCA
GAWSIS but not WDCA
neither GAWSIS nor WDCA
1 = narsto by originator
2 = narsto by WDCA non-narsto format at WDCA
NARSTO format (CREATE)
2 = narsto by WDCA
3 = narsto by CREATE (a) submitted as BC (ng.m-2)
(b) broad band pyriheliometer
3 = narsto by CREATE
What: Global station situation nov 2006
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 15
What: Global station situation Dec 2008
Data Class AOD LScat Labs CN Size dist PM Chem PM CCN
Alert 1 1989-2005 1992-2005
Ny Alesund 1/3 2003-2007 -2006 -2006 -2006 2001-2005 1989-2006
Point Barrow 2 1976-2007 1988-2007 1976-2007 1997-2003
Pallas 1/3 2000-2006 (-2006) 1996-2005 2001-2006 (-2006)
Mace Head 1/3 2001-2007 2000-2006 1989-2002
(2006) 1991-4, 2000-2006 2002-2006 1992-1994 (-2006)
Hohenpeissenberg 1 1993-2007 1999-2005 (-2006) -2006 1995-2005 (-2006) 2001-2005 (-2006) 1997-2002 (-2006)
Zugspitze 1 2003-2004
Jungfraujoch 1/3 1999-2007 1995-2006 1995-2006 1995-2006 1997-1998 1995, 1999-2004 (-2006)
Mount Waliguan (b)
Izana 1 2001-2007 1992-1995
Minamitorishima 1 2003-2007
Assekrem
Mauna Loa 2 2000-2007 1975-2006 1990-2006 1975-2006 1992-1995
Mount Kenya
Bukit Kototabang
Arembepe
American Samoa 2 1977-1991 1977-2006
Cape Point 1992-1996
Amsterdam Island
Lauder
Cape Grim 1 1983, 1999-2006 1983-1996 1999-2006
Ushuaia Neumayer 1 2003-2007 1993-2007
South Pole 2 1979-2006 1987-2006 1974-2006
global station/key parameter 1 = narsto by originator NARSTO format at WDCA
GAWSIS but not WDCA
neither GAWSIS nor WDCA
1 = narsto by originator
2 = narsto by WDCA EUSAAR at NILU? WDCA to process 2 = narsto by WDCA
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 16
What: Users
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1/7/
07
1/8/
07
1/9/
07
1/10
/07
1/11
/07
1/12
/07
1/1/
08
1/2/
08
1/3/
08
1/4/
08
1/5/
08
1/6/
08
1/7/
08
1/8/
08
1/9/
08
1/10
/08
1/11
/08
Monthly downloads (files)
3-monthly average dowloads (files)
File downloadsfrom external addresses.4x increase from summer 2007 to winter 2008 as a result of increased data availability.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 17
What Next
AOD metadata portal – Chryssa Doxani
Data products, not just data sets in first instance: NARSTO QA reports
Enhance data submission – for the ‘slower’ global stations, ‘twinning’ with an active station and or SAG member to get them to submit data regularly.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 18
What next: AOD Metadata Portal
international AERONET including
AEROCAN, PHOTONS BSRN GAW-PFR Skynet
national – US networks including
ARM, SURFRAD, ESRL, USDA
Australia BOM JMA China KNMI (Netherlands, Surinam) FMI DWDCHARM (Meteosuisse)SIBNET (Russia)
NASA AERONET AOD network (B. Holben,GSFC)
Other AOD networks (C. Wehrli, WRRC)
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 19
What next: AOD Metadata portal
Chryssa has:Collected metadata for GAW & non-GAW AOD
networks – e.g. AERONET, Skynet.Built a relational database (Access).Cold fusion interface to web pages.Database structure is generic so it can
accommodate non AOD-metadata (stage –II)Interface to the WDCA web pages – search for
AOD data by criteria e.g. country, WMO region, latitude & longitude etc.
Search returns details of data sets & their locations.
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 20
What next: NARSTO QA reports
summary reportssummary statisticstime seriesoverlaid time-series
Ispra 18th December 2008 – CCU Seminar 21
What now: The Cake Recipe
Rasins, Sultanas, Currants, Cherries, Candied peel
Almonds & Walnut,Muscovado sugar, black treacle,Butter, Eggs,FlourMarzipan,Icing& a little brandy………..
Happy Christmas!