Post on 06-Dec-2021
1
JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
JSS COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
MYSURU
LESSON PLAN 2020- 21
BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY (BPT)
SECOND YEAR
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No Content Page No
1 Time table 5
2 Academic calendar 6
3 Exercise therapy 12
4 Electrotherapy 46
5 Microbiology 88
6 Pathology 102
7 Pharmacology 130
3
FOREWORD
The purpose of this Lesson Plan is to guide the students on resources that are recommended to master the syllabus of each subject. This document consists of the detailed topic wise plan, along with the Time table, Assignment list for the entire year, recommended books and sample questions. Each subject syllabus is divided into modules and each module is divided into units. Every unit is provided with prescribed book, reference books and supplementary material. It is intended to help the students to refer the appropriate book. Students are directed to go through the supplementary material reference which is available at our college library wherever it is required, example-videos, web links. Each subject lesson plan is followed by sample questions which helps students to understand the format of questions in university examinations.
4
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
The purpose of this Lesson Plan is to guide the students on resources that are
recommended to master the syllabus of each subject. This document consists of the
detailed topic wise plan, along with the Time table, Assignment list for the entire year,
recommended books, Sample questions and Practical manual.
Each subject syllabus is divided into modules and each module is divided into units.
Every unit is provided with prescribed book, reference books and
supplementary material. It is intended to help the students to refer the
appropriate book. Students are directed to go through the supplementary
material wherever it is required in the form of videos or web links.
Each subject lesson plan is followed by sample questions; it helps students to understand the format of questions in university examinations.
5
DEPARTMENT OF BASIC SCIENCES
Vision:
The department of basic sciences aim to impart evidence based evaluation and assessment in gait, posture, exercise testing
and prescription. The department aims to inculcate skills of evaluation and assessment in basic sciences.
Mission:
1.Research publications in the areas of basic sciences
2.Improve care and teaching through continuous research
based inputs
3.Encourage reseach activities among faculty and students -conference participation and
presentations
4.Research interest peer groups
1.Incorporate self learning
2.Application of evidence based teaching methods
3.Improve the core competency of students
4.Act as leaders and mentors in incorporating evience based
evaluation
5.Evaluation and revision of basic sciences curriculum periodically
1. Provide optimal quality care for
the clients
2. Physiotherapy evaluation based
on high standards of care and
practice
3. Comprehensive range of
specialized evaluations that is cost
effective and accessible
4. Patient care with compassion
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Mode of Delivery: Total 240 hrs
PBL 4%
Didactic 34%
practical 54% directed
independent learning
8%
MODE OF DELIVERY
Method of assessment
Didactic: Written exams, quiz, IA exams Directed independent learning:
Assignments
Practical: IA Practical exam, Practical manual completion PBL: Group discussion, Seminars
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Objectives of the subject
• At the end of the second year the students will be able to apply basic principles of physics to exercise therapy in human body.
• To incorporate biomechanical principles in to exercise therapy.
• Apply the techniques in the restoration of physical functions.
• Apply anatomy, physiology and biochemistry knowledge to plan and execute exercise regimens
Table of contents
Sl No Topics
1. Prescribed RGUHS syllabus
2. List of recommended text books
3. Objectives of modules
4. Module I
5. Module II
6. Module III
7. Module IV (A) PNF
8. Module IV (B) Suspension therapy
9. Module IV (C) Functional re-education
10. Module IV (D) Stretching
11. Module IV (E) Manual therapy, mobilization & manipulation
12. Module IV (F) Balance
13. Module IV (G) Co-ordination
14. Module IV (H) Posture
15. Module IV (I) Massage
16. Module IV (J) Hydrotherapy
17. Module IV (K) Group & individual exercises
18. Module IV (L) Miscellaneous
19. Sample questions
20. List of assignments
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Prescribed syllabus, RGUHS
Theory
1. Introduction to Exercise Therapy [3 Hours] The aims of Exercise Therapy, The techniques of Exercise
Therapy, Approach to patient’s problems, Assessment of patient’s condition – Measurements of Vital parameters,
Starting Positions – Fundamental positions & derived Positions, Planning of Treatment
2.Methods of Testing [15 Hours] a) Functional tests b) Measurement of Joint range: ROM-Definition, Normal
ROM for all peripheral joints & spine, Goniometer-parts, types, principles, uses., Limitations of goniometry,
Techniques for measurement of ROM for all peripheral joints- revision c) Tests for neuromuscular efficiency
Manual Muscle Testing: Introduction to MMT, Principles & Aims, Indications & Limitations, Techniques of
MMT for group & individual muscles : Techniques of MMT for upper limb / Techniques of MMT for lower limb
/ Techniques of MMT for spine
Anthropometric Measurements: Muscle girth – biceps, triceps, forearm, quadriceps, calf Static power Test
Dynamic power Test Endurance test Speed test Measurement of Limb Length: true limb length, apparent limb
length, segmental limb length. Measurement of the angle of Pelvic Inclination. d) Tests for Co-ordination
2. Relaxation [4 Hours] Definitions: Muscle Tone, Postural tone, Voluntary Movement, Degrees of relaxation,
Pathological tension in muscle, Stress mechanics, types of stresses, Effects of stress on the body mechanism,
Indications of relaxation, Methods & techniques of relaxation-Principles & uses: General, Local, Jacobson’s,
Mitchel’s, additional methods.
3. Passive Movements [ 4 Hours] Causes of immobility, Classification of Passive movements, Specific definitions
related to passive movements, Principles of giving passive movements, Indications, contraindications, effects of uses
, Techniques of giving passive movements.
4. Active Movements [ 6 hours] Definition of strength, power & work, endurance, muscle actions. Physiology of
muscle performance: structure of skeletal muscle, chemical & mechanical events during contraction &relaxation,
muscle fiber type, motor unit, force gradation. Causes of decreased muscle performance Physiologic adaptation to
training: Strength & Power, Endurance. Types of active movements Free exercise: Classification, principles,
techniques, indications, contraindications, effects and uses Active Assisted Exercise: principles, techniques,
indications, contraindications, effects and uses Assisted-Resisted Exercise: principles, techniques, indications,
contraindications, effects and uses Resisted Exercise: Definition, principles, indications, contraindications,
precautions & techniques, effects and uses Types of resisted exercises: Manual and Mechanical resistance exercise,
Isometric exercise, Dynamic exercise: Concentric and Eccentric, Dynamic exercise: Constant versus variable
resistance, Isokinetic exercise, Open-Chain and Closed-Chain exercise.
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5. Physiology of muscle performance: [2 hours] Structure of skeletal muscle, chemical & mechanical events
during contraction &relaxation, muscle fibre type, motor unit, force gradation. Causes of decreased muscle
performance Physiologic adaptation to training: Strength & Power, Endurance.
6. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation [6 Hours] Definitions & goals Basic neurophysiologic principles of
PNF: Muscular activity, Diagonals patterns of movement: upper limb, lower limb Procedure: components of PNF
Techniques of facilitation Mobility: Contract relax, Hold relax, Rhythmic initiation Strengthening: Slow reversals,
repeated contractions, timing for emphasis, rhythmic stabilization Stability: Alternating isometric, rhythmic
stabilization Skill: timing for emphasis, resisted progression Endurance: slow reversals, agonist reversal
7. Suspension Therapy [6 Hours] Definition, principles, equipments & accessories, Indications &
contraindications, Benefits of suspension therapy Types of suspension therapy: axial, vertical, pendular Techniques
of suspension therapy for upper limb Techniques of suspension therapy for lower limb
8. Functional Re-education [4 hours] Lying to sitting: Activities on the Mat/Bed, Movement and stability at floor
level; Sitting activities and gait; Lowerlimb and Upperlimb activities.
9. Aerobic Exercise [4 Hours] Definition and key terms; Physiological response to aerobic exercise, Examination
and evaluation of aerobic capacity – Exercise Testing, Determinants of an Exercise Program, The Exercise
Program, Normal and abnormal response to acute aerobic exercise, Physiological changes that occur with training,
Application of Principles of an Aerobic conditioning program for patients – types and phases of aerobic training.
10. Stretching [3 Hours] Definition of terms related to stretching; Tissue response towards immobilization and
elongation, Determinants of stretching exercise, Effects of stretching, Inhibition and relaxation procedures,
Precautions and contraindications of stretching, Techniques of stretching.
11. Manual Therapy & Peripheral Joint Mobilization [5 Hours] Schools of Manual Therapy, Principles,
Grades, Indications and Contraindications, Effects and Uses – Maitland, Kaltenborn, Mulligan
Biomechanical basis for mobilization, Effects of joint mobilisation, Indications and contraindications, Grades of
mobilization, Principles of mobilization, Techniques of mobilization for upper limb, lower limb, Precautions.
12. Balance [ 4 Hours] Physiology of balance: contributions of sensory systems, processing sensory information,
generating motor output Components of balance (sensory, musculoskeletal, biomechanical) Causes of impaired
balance, Examination & evaluation of impaired balance, Activities for treating impaired balance: mode, posture,
movement, Precautions & contraindications, Types Balance retraining
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13.Co-ordination Exercise [ 4 Hours] Anatomy & Physiology of cerebellum with its pathways Definitions: Co-
ordination, Inco-ordination Causes for Inco-ordination, Test for co-ordination: equilibrium test, non equilibrium
test Principles of co-ordination exercise Frenkel’s Exercise: uses of Frenkel’s exercise, technique of Frenkel’s
exercise, progression, home exercise.
14.Posture [3 Hours] Definition, Active and Inactive Postures, Postural Mechanism, Patterns of Posture,
Principles of re-education: corrective methods and techniques, Patient education.
15. Walking Aids [3 hours] Walking aids Revision. Application : Pre crutch Training and crutch gaits.
16. Massage [ 4 Hours] History and Classification of Massage Technique Principles, Indications and
Contraindications Technique of Massage Manipulations Physiological and Therapeutic Uses of Specific
Manipulations
17.Hydrotherapy [ 3 Hours] Definitions, Goals and Indications, Precautions and Contraindications, Properties
of water, Use of special equipments, techniques, Effects and uses, merits and demerits
17. Individual and Group Exercises [ 3 Hours] Advantages and Disadvantages, Organisation of Group
exercises, Recreational Activities and Sports
18. Introduction to Yoga [ 5 Hours] Asanas – Principles and elements;
Pranayamas – Principles, Methods and Techniques
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OBJECTIVES OF MODULES
MODULE I- Basics of exercise therapy
Objectives – The student will be able to discuss the indication and precautions for performing exercises, position of
choice, types of muscle work and specific exercises and the use of mechanical aids to aid in movement and their
indications and precautions. Moreover, the student would be able to identify terminology associated with positions
muscle work and specific exercises
MODULE II- Tests and measures
Objectives – The student will be able to perform basic tests and measures in standard manner and be able to discuss
the properties of measurement, threats to internal validity and measures to control such threats
MODULE III- Exercise Physiology
Objectives – The student will be able to discuss and articulate exercise physiology principles including training
adaptations, principles of strength and endurance training, principles of aerobic training. He / she will also will able
to discuss physiology of human movement (balance, posture, mobility and coordination)
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the year the student will be,
1. To design appropriate exercise intervention for various conditioning requirements
2. Able to analyse and differentiate various parameters and physiology of different exercise programs
3. Proficient in hands on techniques
4. Able to explain the fundamental principles of therapeutic exercise including its definition and use
in prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, control, restoration, prevention of recurrence in variety of
ailments
5. Able to define the body mechanics and body musculature in relation to exercise and movement
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Module I – Basics of Exercise Therapy
Basics of Exercise Therapy Exercise –Tests and
Measurements
Exercise Physiology
Introduction to Exercise Therapy,
starting positions ;Type of exercises
and muscle work and recognition to
constraints of movement
Tests & Measures Aerobics Exercise
Active Exercise
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to identify
positions that the body adopts as
fundamental and derived positions
They will be able to choose the
appropriate position for a specific
movement
They will be able to identify the
muscle work constraints of
movement in those positions
The student will be able to
perform basic tests and measures
in standard manner and be able to
discuss the properties of
measurement, threats to internal
validity and measures to control
such threats
By the end of this class the
students will be able to articulate
the physiology of skeletal muscles
and their role in aerobic exercise
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Unit
No
Topics covered Learning objective-At the
end of the lecturer students
will be able to
Recommended books Reference books Duration Practical
preparation-
students have to
come prepared
with
Unit 1 Introduction to
Exercise
Therapy
Therapeutic exercise
foundatonal concepts – types
of exercise intervention,
exercise safety, The
Disablement Process.
Therapeutic exercise –
historical perspective
Discuss the indication and
precautions for performing
exercises, position of choice,
types of muscle work and
specific exercises, use of
mechanical aids to aid in
movment and their
indications and
precautions.Moreover the
student would be able to
identify terminology
associated with positions,
muscle work and specific
exercises.
Therapeutic exercise –
Carolyn Kisner,
Therapeutic exercise –
William D Bandy, Barbara
Sanders ,P.No : 2 – 9
Therapeutic exercise – Carrie M. Hall- P No :1 –4,
2nd edition
Therapeutic exercise
treatment planning for
progression , Frances E
Huber.
1 hr
Unit 2 Introduction to
Tests &
Measurements
*Need for test and
measurement
*List the various instrument,
test and
Measurement&properties.
*Purpose of measurement,
testing & Evaluation.
Nature of measurement and
evaluation
Domains of human
performance
Measurement &
Evaluation in Human
Performance-JAMES
.R.MORROW ,page no 2-
13
Therapeutic exercise –
Carolyn Kisner
Measurement of joint
motion- Cynthia C Norkin
Th P Demonstrate and
practice minimum
twice individually
under supervision of
M.P.T student or
staff
14
Unit 3 Vitals
*BP
*PR
*RR
*Temperature
*BMI
Describe the physiology,
need of evaluation &
procedure for measurement
Physical Rehabilitation
O’Sullivan,chapter 3
page no :30-83
Exercise Physiology –
Katch&Katch (2nd
edition)page no:518,519
Demonstrate vitals
like PR,RR,BP,
Temp with proper
positioning,
measurement,
reading and
recording.
Demonstrate and
calculate BMI, skin
fold with proper
technique
The student should
record the values in
practical record book
and signed from the
concerned staff.
Unit 4 Anthropometric
measurement
or
Linear
measurements
*limb length
Describe about
Anthropometry&
components.
Principles and practice of
Anthropometrics –
Constraints, Fitting trials, an
annotated list of body
dimensions
Applications,
Measurement error
Bio electrical impedence
analysis
List the various
methods for
anthropometry
measurement
*skin fold,
*stadiometer,
*weighting *scale calliper
*girth
measurements
Body space – P.No :15 -30,
2nd edition.
Principles of
exercise therapy
Dena Gardiner
pg 28-31
Physiological assessment
of human fitness : First
Edition: Peter J Maud/ Carl
Foster : 174-185
Cardio pulmonary physical
therapy-Hillegass &
Sadowsky (2nd
Orthopedic Physical Assessment . P.No 1057 -
1059. 5th Edition
Physiological Assessment
of Human Fittnes-Peter J
Demonstrate various
method of
anthropometric
Measurements, limb
length
measurements.
The student should
record the limb
length,chest
measurement in
tabular column of
thepractical record
book and signed
from concerned
staff.
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*chest expansion Describe about
limb length
Discrepancy. need for
measurements of
limb length and
methods for
measuring limb
Length.
Describe about the chest
expansion, methods of
measuring chest expansion
edition)631-635 Maud Carl Foster 174-185
Unit 5 Sensory
mapping
&
Arousal,
attention,
orientation
&cognition
Describe about sensory
distribution of myotome and
dermatome levels
Physical Rehabilitation
O’Sullivan,
Page no: 123-126.
Page no:127-132
The student should
mark the Myotome
and dermatome level
in body chart of
thepractical record
book and signed
from
concerned staff.
Unit 6 Angular
measurements
*Goniometry
Describe ROM,
active &passive
ROM, types of
Goniometer,
parts, properties
& uses.Describe various
axis, plane of motion,
muscles .Apply
Proper technique
positioning of
subject,therapist
& instrument, its
application,
measurement recording
Measurement of
joint motion –
Cynthia C
Norkin- entire book to be
Referred.
Therapeutic exercises
–Michael Higgin Pg 57-60
Therapeutic exercise
treatment & planning
Frances.E.Huber
Measurement of
joint motion –
Cynthia C
Occupational therapy for
physical Dysfunction (4th
edition)
Catherine A trombly,page
no:73-106
Chris.L.Wells-pg 68
– pg 74
Practical manual page
no 8-9
Demonstrate ROM
for all the joints; UL,
LL and spine, with
proper
positioning,
measurement,
Reading and
recording.
The student should
record the ROM for
all joints in tabular
column of the
practical record book
and signed from
concerned staff.
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*Inclinometry
Overview, Cervical spine
testing, Thoracic spine and
lumbar spine testing, ankle
and foot testing, Hip testing,
Shoulder testing
Norkin . P. No : 24-25,312 –
327, 334 - 363,252, 192, 67
. 3rdEdition
Unit 7 Performance
measurements
*Flexibility
Describe the types of
performance measurements.
Methods of measuring the
flexibility
Manual of Sports Medicine
–Marc.R.Safran&Dougali
Page no:84-88
Demonstrate various
muscle and group of
muscles
forevaluations,
testingaccording to
MRC grades and
record it.
Apply Proper
technique including
positioning of
subject and therapist,
testing according to
grades -readings
and recording
The student should
grade & record the
MMT ,flexibility ,
endurance, power,
agility for all
muscles in tabular
columns
of the practical
record book
and signed from
theconcerned staff.
Evaluation,
assessment and
calculation of
aerobic capacity,
static and
Dynamic power test,
*Strength –
MMT(Manual
muscle testing)
Describe about
the strength and
manual muscle
testing.Interpret
the grade of
various muscle,
Describe the
grade of muscle
testing according
to MRC,
Worthingham
and Kendall
standard measures along
with adequate
Explanation for each.
Daniel’s
&Worthingham
’s muscle
testing (Hislop)
Muscle testing and
function-
Florence Peterson
Kendall
Practical manual page
no 10-20
Physiological Assessment
of Human Fittnes-Peter J
Maud Carl Foster 115-133
Assesendurance level for
different activity ,prescribe endurance training
Physiology of sports &
exercise –Jack H Wilmore , pg no39,222,285,286
*Endurance
Therapeutic exercise –
Carolyn Kisner ,page no-
87,232,891
Exercise Physiology –
Katch&Katch (2nd edition)
Pg no:181-195 Describe about Aerobic
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*Power
Aerobic
Anaerobic
sprinting
*Agility
power, Anaerobic power,
power training programme,
assessment and prescription
of training programme.
Describe agility, asses and
prescribe training
programme for agility
Physiology of sports & exercise –Jack H Wilmore
(4th edition)pg no:190- 197,223-245,393
Exercise Physiology –
Katch&Katch (2nd edition) Pg no:311-312,376
power performance
should be done and
recorded in tabular
column. Should
evaluate and able to
prescribe training
programme for
different activity and
record it.
Unit 8 Functional
measurements
*FIM
*Energy
expenditure
index
*Gait
Evaluation
*Posture
Describe the uses of FIM,
test to measure ,principles
Should know about MET
value, test to measure EE.
Describe about various types
of gait,
Assessment of gait
Describe about posture, its
types
Significance of good posture
and its assessment.
Evaluation of posture in all
planes.
FIM Manual (standardized
test )
Sports and exercise
Science chapter-energy
balance pg no:150-160
Physical Rehabilitation
O’Sullivan.
Physical Rehabilitation
O’Sullivan.
Orthopedic Physical Assessment P.No : 972 –
1012, 5th Edition.
Sports Medicine –chart pg
no:146
Therapeutic exercise for
musculoskeletal injuries-
Peggy A.Houglum-
Pg 326- 336
Therapeutic
exercise for
musculoskeletalinjuries-
Asses and score the
Functional activity
of daily living
.Should know the
score in different
conditions. Asses &
examine gait,
posture, anatomical
markers of good
posture
&biomechanics.
List various methods
of assessing posture,
document and
correlate observed
structural asymmetry
with functional
asymmetry.
List various types of
co-ordinated and in
coordination
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PeggyA.Houglum-Pg 264, 266
exercise and practice
the procedure.
Student should note
down reading &
methods in practical
record & signed
from concerned staff
Demonstrate and
record the graph of
different functional
volumes
Demonstrate and
evaluate level of
RPE in different
activity and record it.
Method of testing, different
lung volumes, difference
between normal and
abnormal graph.
Therapeutic
Exercise-Frances
Huber,P.No:177-196
Cardio pulmonary P.T-
Hillegass & Sadowsky, pg
no:432-439
Manual Sports Medicine –
Douglas 74
*PFT Physical Rehabilitation
O’Sullivan.
*RPE
Assessment of subjective
Exertion during physical
activity
Unit 9 Autonomic
Nervous System
testing
Merits Neurology(12th
edition ) Pg no:93-96
Adams & Victors principle
of neurology, Page no:505-
535
Mandatory outfit for practical
Boys- shorts & sleeveless t-shirts
Girls-3/4 shorts, half/sleeveless t-shirts.
19
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
• Name different instruments used for testing and measuring joints and muscles. Add a note on their
properties? Define goniometry. Mention parts of Goniometer.What is the importance of using
Goniometry?
• Describe thegrade of muscletesting accordingto MRC?
• Mention different methods of anthropometry.What is limb length discrepancy?
• How do you calculate BMI? Calculate the BMI for at least 4 female and 4 male individuals within the age
group of 18 to 24 years.
• What is an anthropometric measurement?
• Mention the various sites in the body for anthropometric assessment. What is MMT?
List the various methods of assessing muscle strength? Principles of MMT? Explain
merits and demerits of MMT?
• Mention the common errors that are possible while measuring ROM. Mention the two different methods of
measuring ROM.
• What are the principles and aims of MMT?
• Enumerate MMT for shoulder flexors and elbow extensors? Enumerate MMT for hip abductors and
extensors? • What is inclinometer? Explain ROM for spine?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS MODULE II
Sl
No
Assignment Topic
1
Mention different axes and planes of goniometry measurement for shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle with
proper technique, principles and recording
2 Principles and methods of grading MMT for – Biceps, triceps, deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius-
soleus
3 Apparent and true limb length measurement. Limb length discrepancy, girth measurement
4 Measurement principles of skin fold caliper and stadiometer; BMI calculation for males and females
20
Unit
No
Topics
covered
Learning
objective-At
the end of
the lecturer
students will
be able to
Recommended
books
Reference
books
Duration Practical
preparation-
students have
to come
prepared
with
Assignments
Th/Prct
Unit
1
Physiolog
y of
muscle
performa
nce
Structure,p
hysiology of
muscle
Force
generation
and
physiologica
l
adaptations
of muscles
Text book of medical physiology.
8th edition. A.C. Guyton (67-68)
Text book of medical physiology.
8th edition. A.C. Guyton (68-73).
Text book of medical physiology.
8th edition. A.C. Guyton (74-76)
Text book of medical physiology.
8th edition. A.C. Guyton (P.No:74,76)
Physiology of
sports and
exercise. 4th
edition. Jack
Wilmore. (24-
45)
Exercise
therapy
Prevention and
Treatment of
disease , John
Gormley. P.No
37 - 53
Physiology of
sports and
exercise. 4th
edition. Jack
Wilmore.
(P.No:35)
T p Seminars
A)
Structure
of skeletal
muscle
B)
Chemical
and
mechanic
al events
C)
Types of
muscle
fibre
D)
Motor unit
Force
gradiation
21
E)
F)
G)
Forces for
decreased
muscle
performa nce
Physiolog ical
adaptatio ns
Strength
,power and
enduranc e
Physiology of sports
and exercise. 4th
edition. Jack Wilmore.
(P.No:202-250).
Therapeutic exercise
from theory to
practical -Carolyn
Kisner ,page no-149
Exercise Physiology –
Katch&Katch2 nd
edition. (P.No:308)
22
Unit
2
A)
B)
Aerobic
Exercise
Field
method
Lab method
Describe
about
aerobic
exercises
and its
physiologica
l effects.
Demonstrate
how
t
o
perform field
test to assess
aerobic
capacity
o
f individual
person.
Describe
an
d define
principles
of
weight
training:
Exercise Physiology
McArdleKatch&Kat
ch
ACSM-
guidelines Practical
manual page no
30-31
Demonstrates
competency
inmotor skills and
movementpatte rns
needed to perform
avariety of
physical activities.
Demonstrate the
ability to use
competency in
various methods
of
aerobic
conditioning and
23
overload, Progression,
specificity, aerobic,
and
anaerobic.
Describe &distinguish
among circuit weight
training, high intense
Weight training, multi
set weight
training.
*Demonstrate
competency in the
ability to compute
target heart rate.
Demonstrate
proficiency in at least
one aerobic exercise
methods.
Clinical uses of
exercise testing and.
Approaches to
clinical exercise
testing Conducting the
stage 1
and 2 test and
interpretation
Jones clinical exercise
testing : 4th
edition: 65-167
weighttraining, and
proficiency in at
least one methodof
aerobic
conditioning.
Demonstrate
exercise testing,
various methods
of
exercise training
and
exercise
prescription for
individual.
24
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
• Methods of aerobics training? What are its advantages and disadvantages? Definition and classification of active
exercises?
• Physiological responses to aerobics exercises? What is resistance exercises?
• Enumerate the principles of resistance training. What is plyometrics?
• Mention the various plyometric regimes 1RM? How to test 10 RM?
• What is PRE? What is Delorm’s technique? BRIME principles?
• SAID principles?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE III
Sl No Assignment Topic
1 Assessment of aerobic capacity in healthy persons.
2 Principles of weight training
3 Practical demonstrate 1RM, 5 RM and 10RM on 5 male and 5 female individuals
with the same age group 18 to 24 years.
4 Explain various method of exercise testing in COPD patients. Explain in detail about Mc
Queensland principles
25
MODULE IV: INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES
Unit
No
Topics
covered
Learning
objective-At
the end of the
lecturer
students will
be able to
Recommende
d books
Reference books Durati
o n
Practical
preparation-
students
have to
come
prepared
with
Assignments
ThPrct
1. RELAX
ATI ON
Demonstrate
various
relaxation
techniques.
Principles of
exercise
therapy. Dena
gardener (62-
68)
Practical exercise
therapy. Margaret Hollis
(58-
62)
Relaxation
Techniques
:Payne
26
Rosemery: 1st edition
2. RANG
E OF
MOTI
ON
Introduction,
terminology,
active and
passive ROM,
end feels –
normal &
abnormal,
Principles of
ROM exercise
Examination
profile on ROM,
ROM
equipment and
techniques.
Examination
Profile on ROM
Describe about ,
physiological
effect on
administrating
individual with
strength and
poor training an
d endurance
training .
Describe
various
movements,
classification,
techniques and
applications of
active and
passive
movements
Therapeutic exercise
Foundations and
technique:es.P.
No 43 -64. 5th
Edition
Therapeutic
exercise theory
from theory to
practice.
Michael
Higgins. P.No :
57 – 77
The principles of exercise
therapy: Dena
Gardiner : 4th
edition :41-61, 70-73.
Therapeutic
exercise
techniques for
intervention:
William
Bandy:13-36
Therapeutic exercise
for
musculoskele tal
injuries,Pegg y
A
houghlam, P. No: 88 –
119
Therapeutic exercise:
Francis E Huber:
Page number
78-82
3 4 Demonstrate
movements
voluntarily
in
corresponding
to plane
and axis
minimum
twice
individually
under
supervision
of MPT
student
and staff .
27
3.
STRETC
HI NG
Describe about
stretching, state of
immobilization,
types of
stretching,
principles,
indication
contraindication
, precautions and
effects.
Describe and
demonstrate various
methods of
stretching
with proper
implications of
stretching and
effects for
upper, lower
limbs and spine
.
Therapeutic exercise by
Karolyn kisner:
6th
edition
Travel and
simmons
Facilitated
stretching :
Robert e Mcatee/
Jeff charland- 2nd
edition
1hr 5hr Demonstrate and
practice
types of
stretching
minimum twice
individually
under
supervision of
MPT student
and staff .
Mandatory :
Uniform
Practical dress
code
4 . STREN
GT
HENIN
G
TECHN
IQ UES
a)Free
exercise
b)Active
assisted
exercise
Free exercise:
Classification, technique,
Effects and uses and free
Exercise for various
joints
Assisted exercise:
Principles, effects and
uses
Terminologies,
determinants, adaptation
to resisted
Exercise therapy:M Dena
Gardiner:4th
edition : Page number :41-61,
137-166
Therapeutic
exercise:
Carolyn
Demonstrate
and
practice
minimum twice
individually
under
supervision of
M.P.T
student or staff
28
c) RESIST
ED
EXERC
ISE
d) Type
s of
resisted
exercise
e) Specif ic
exercise
regimen s
f)Core
strength
ening
exercise, Types
, Principles of resistance
training , equipments for
resistance training ,
resistance training
regimens, resistance
exercise prescription ,
special considerations
for resistance exercise
Describeand demonstrate
various types of
strengthening exercise
with and without
mechanical aids.
Introduction, definition,
Muscle action, Exercise
training principles,
evaluation and technique
of core stabilization
exercise
kisner:5th edition:147-
212
Therapeutic exercise:
Francis e
Huber: 106-
117
Therapeutic exercise:
Michael Higgins:
157-
185
Practical exercise
29
g)Exerci se
applianc es/
mechani cal
aids
Springs, Thera
bands, Pulleys and
weights Swiss ball
and foam rollers
therapy: Margaret Hollis
:109-134
Therapeutic exercise for
muscluoskelatl injury :
Peggy Holum:425- 453
5. Manual Describe about Therapeutic Therapeutic Demonstrate therapy manual therapy, exercise- exercise for and & different Carolyn musculoskele practice peripher schools of Kisner- pg tal minimum twice al joint manual therapy, 120- injuries- individually mobilizat its principles , pg 155. Peggy under ion grades, Peripheral A.Houglump Supervision of I )passive indication Manipulation- g- M.P.T manual contraindication GD 154 –pg 196 student or staff mobilizat effect and uses. Maitlandpg Practical Demonstrate ion Describe and 9, manual page the various demonstrate 20,47,129- no methods and ii)Soft mobilization 221- 22-23 school of tissue and various 297 manual therapy mobilizat school of with ion manual therapy proper with proper implication of iii)passiv implication of technique e techniques and position and mechanic grades with grades al clinical Advisable
mobilizat Implication. outfit for
30
ion
iv)active
manual
mobilizat
ion{free
exercise,
pendular
exercise,
functiona l
activities,
Swiss ball}
practical
Boys- shorts &
sleeveless t shirts
Girls-3/4 shorts,
half/ sleeveless t-
shirts Demonstrate
proper evaluation
and implication of
various grades for
various condition in
clinical practice.
6. Balance Describe Therapeutic Therapeutic 2hr 3h Demonstrate balance, exercise exercise r and practice physiology treatment moving various behind balance, planning
for
toward evaluation tests
Contributions of progression : function: of balance, various systems Francis e Carry M exercise To maintain Huber : 126- Hall:149-166 stratergy, balance, 164 minimum twice components of individually balance and Therapeutic under causes of exercise supervision of imbalance. techniques for M.P.T Examine and intervention: student or staff evaluate balance, William d
list the methods bandy: 239-
to treat balance 263
impairments
and training with
proper
indications,
contraindications
31
and precautions and
effects
7. COORDI
NATION
Describe about co ordination&
inco- ordination; physiology
behind coordination and its
principles List various methods
to Evaluation. Describe &
DemonstrateFrenkel’sexerci se,
principles, techniques,
precautions, effects and clinical
implications.
Therapeutic
exercise treatment
planning for
progression :
Frances e
Huber:174-211
Physical
rehabilitation :
Susan B O
Sullivan :
The principles of
exercise
therapy:4th
edition: dena
gardiner
: 236-244
2hr 3hr Demonstrate and
practice equilibrium
and non equilibrium
test of coordination
, should be done
minimum twice in
individual under
supervision opf
MPT or Staff In
practical dress code
8. Proprioc
eptive
neuromu
scular
facilitati
on
Definition, general uses,
basic procedures,
principles, basic and
emphasis techniques of
PNF
PNF in
practice.An illustrated
guide.2nd
edition. Susan
S. Adler.
Practical
exercise
therapy.
Margaret
Hollis.
(202-
247).
Therapeutic
exercise
technique for
intervention.
William
D Bandy.
(145-
178).
Therapeuti
c exercise
moving
towards
function.
Carrie M
Hall. (309-
329)
32
9. Suspens
ion
therapy
Definition, Types,
Principles, Instruments
and techniques for
upper and lower
extremity
Practical
exercise
therapy.
Margaret
Hollis.(96-
108)
Text book of
therapeutic exercises.
S. Lakshmi
narayanan. (195-204)
10. Functio
nal re-
educatio
n
Lying to sitting:
Activities on the
Mat/Bed, Movement
and stability at floor
level: sitting activities
and gait;Lower limb and
upper limb activities
Practical
exercise
therapy : Margaret hollis
: 248-260
Functional
neuro
Rehabilitatio
n : Dolores B
Bertoti
Susan O’
Sullivan. (523-560)
11. Massage Definition,
classification,
physiological effects,
therapeutic uses,
contraindication s,
techniques,
practical aspects,
therapeutic applications
of massage
Principles and
practices of
therapeutic
massage.
Akhoury gowrang
Sinha 1-101
Practical exercise
therapy. Margret
Hollis
Massage therapy.
Richard Jackson.
Therapeutic
massage.
Elizabeth Holey.
.
12. Hydroth
erapy
Definition, physical
properties of
Therapeutic
exercise
technique for
Therapeutic exercise
from to practical.
33
water, fluid dynamic
properties of water, clinical
guidelines- indication,
contraindication and
precautions, safeexercise
parameters, organization of
treatment session and
techniques
Intervention.
William D
Bandy (295-
332)
Therapeutic
exercise
foundation and
techniques.
Carolyn Kisner.
Therapeutic
exercise moving
towards function.
Carrie M
Hall
(P.No:330-348)
Michael Higgins.
(251-272)
Water exercise :
Martha D White
13. Individu
al and
group
exercise
Introduction, Value of group
exercise: organizational of
group exercise: recreational
activity and sports
Principles of
exercise therapy.
Dena gardener.
(263-
267)
Practical exercise
therapy. Margret
Hollis. (165-
177)
14. Posture Describe about posture, its
Types and postural
mechanism.
List various patterns of
posture. Describe
principles of reeducation,
distinguish
Therapeutic
exercise
techniques for
intervention : William D Bandy:263- 294
Therapeutic
exercise
moving
towards
1hr 3hr Demonstrate
and practice ,
minimum
twice
individually
under
supervision of M.P.T
Student or
staff.
Assess and
examine
posture,
anatomical
34
Between an good and
bad posture and its
assessment
function : carrie
m hall: 167-184
markers, list various
methods to assess
posture
15. Walking Should be able The principles Demonstrate
Aids to analyze , Of exercise and practice measure and therapy: Dena minimum twice Prescribe the gardiner: 254- individually correct walking 264 under aids Supervision of Independently Practical staff or MPT able to perform exercise
the training of therapy :4th
various gait edition:
patterns with Margaret
adequate safety Hollis: 135-
precautions 144
16. Yoga Asanas- Yoga and Yogic Principles and Rehabilitation. exercises elements, Nilimapatel. physiologic Pranayams- and psychic Principles process. methods and S. Dutta ray.
techniques
Nice to know:
1. Plyometrics
2. Strength ball training- Lorme Goldenberg; first edition
35
EXERCISE THERAPY TEXT BOOK IN LIBRARY
Sl Title Author Edition Year No of
no copies
First Second
1 Practical Exercise Therapy Hollis Margaret 4th 2007 05
2 Therapeutic Exercise Foundation and Techniques
Kisner Caroyln Calby Lynn 3rd 1996 07
Allen 4th 2004 02
5th 2007 03
3 Hydrotherapy Principles and Practice Campion 01
Margaret Reid
4 Daniels and Worthing Hams Muscle Testing Hislop Helen J Avers Dale 6th 1999 03
etal
Montgomar 7th 2002 03
Jacqueline
8th 2010 02
9th 2017 05
5 Principles of Manual Therapy Sebastin Deepak 1st 2005 02
36
6 Massage for Therapists Hollis Margaret 02
7 Principles of Exercise Therapy Gardener Dena 4th 2005 08
8 Principles and Practice of Therapeutic Massage Sinha Akhoury 2nd 2010 02
Gowrang
9 Muscle Testing and Function Floraence Creasy MC 4th 1993 04
Kendall etal
10 Kinesiology Movement in Context of Activity Greene David Robert Susan 1st 2005 01
Paul L
11 Relaxation Techniques Payne Rosemary 1st 1998 01
A
12 Vertebral Manipulation Maitland GD 6th 2002 01
13 Peripheral Manipulation Maitland GD 3rd 2003 01
14 Muscle Energy Techniques Chaitow Leon 2nd 2001 01
3rd 2007 01
15 Closed Kinematic Chain exercise Ellenbecker
Todd.S.
1st 2001 01
37
16 Water Exercise :Safe and Effective Exercise for White Martha D 1st 1995 01
Fitness and Theory
17 Therapeutic Exercise Techniques For Intervention Bandy D William 01
18 Bourdillons Spinal Manipulation Edward Issacs
6th 2002 01
19 Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbo-pelvic Stabilization Carolyn Hodges Paul 2nd 2004 01
Richardson
20 Textbook of Therapeutic Exercise S Lakshmi 1st 2005 04
Narayan
21 Clinical Exercise Testing Jones Norman L
4th 1997 01
22 Kinesiology Movement in the Context of Activity Greene David 01
23 Joint mobilization and manipulation Susan Edmond 1st 1993 01
L
2nd
2006
01
24 Therapeutic exercise for musculoskeletal injuries Houghlum, 01
Peggy A
25 Therapeutic Massage Holey Elizabeth Cook Ellien 1st 2000 03
A
26 Exercise Therapy Prevention and Treatment Diseases John Gromley Hussey 1st 2005 04
Juliette
38
27 Muscle Energy Techniques Chaitow , Leon Delany Judith 1st 2005 01
28 Jumpping into Plyometrics Deneold A Chu
2nd 1998 01
29 Deep Tissue Massage-A Visual Guide to Technique Riggs Art
1st 2002 01
30 Manual Therapy of PelvicComplex Mohanty 1st 2010 01
Umasankar
31 Myofacial Release Manual Mahein J Carol 3rd Not 01
menti oned
32 Physiology of Sports & Exercise Willmore Jack Hostill David 3rd 2004 01
H L
33 Jones Clinical Exercise Testing L Jomes 4th 1997 01
34 Principles of Exercise testing & Interpretation- Karlman E Hansen 5th 2002 01
Including Pathophysiology & Clinical Applications Wasserman James etal
40
MODULE I- Syllabus
Basics of Physics &Introduction to electrotherapy
• Introduction to Physics & Electricity.
• Types of currents.
Un
it
TOPIC
Type of
instructi on Pre-
requisite
Learning
objectives and
outcome
Prescribed
Reference
REFEREN CE Assessmen t
1.
Electricity
Students
Seminar
Student should
be
familiar with
different
Students should be
able to
Electrotherapy
Explained, Principlesand
practice, John Low,
Electrothera py
Evidence based
practice –
Oral
forms of - Define and explain
the types
- Relate the flow of
electrons to current
- Explain the static
electricity
- Describe the
Production of
electrical charges
- Name the
charges and its
properties
- Identify the
connection between
the type of
charge on an
Reed 4th ed, pg 535- Sheila
energy, 6,72-87 Kitchen
basics of 11th ed
matter and Claytons Electro Pg 9-11
structure of therapy, Angela
an atom Forster, Nigel 9th Applied
ed, pg 1-3, Electronics ,
R.S Sedha –
pg 19-24
Principles of
Electronics
V.K Mehta.
Pg 1- 4 Principles of
Electronics
V.K Mehta. MCQs
41
Static object and the
type of interaction
(attraction and
repulsion)
- Explain the
potential
difference
Pg 4- 6
electricity
Claytons Electro Applied
.
Production of
electrical
charges.
Characteristics
of
charged body.
Characteristics
of lines of
forces.
Potential
difference
and EMF.
Students
Seminar
- demo
therapy, Angela
Forster, Nigel 9th ed, pg
7-12 Electrotherapy
Explained, Principles
and practice,
John Low , Reed 4th ed,
pg 39- 41
Electronics ,
R.S Sedha – pg
8-18
(voltage) and its
relationship with
EMF
42
Conductors,
semiconduct ors
and Insulators
Students
Seminar
Atoms and
how they are
placed in a
material
Students will be able to
- know what are
conductors, SC and
Insulators
- how electrons differ
in these components
- what are the
materials classified
under these
- differentiate the
applications in
electrotherapy
treatment.
- describe the uses in
treatment
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 4-5
Principles of
Electronics
V.K Mehta. Pg
113 -132
Applied
Electronics ,
R.S Sedha – pg
142- 146
QUIZ
Current
Electricity
a. Units of
Electricity,
faraday, volt,
ampere, coulomb,
watt.
Students
Seminar
Units of
Electricity and
its
parameters
Students will be able to
define and correlate all
the units of electricity
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 242-243
ORAL
question
and answers
43
b.Resistance
.
Students
Seminar
Electrical
Resistance
Students will be able to
- Define
resistance
- Explain the
resistance through
a conductor
- describe the
electrical circuit with
resistance connected in
different routes
- explain and
diffentiate resistance
in
series and
parallel
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 11-14
Applied
Electronics ,
R.S Sedha – pg
30-31
Assignmen ts
c. Ohms law
Students
Seminar
DC and AC
Ohms law
Students will able to
- Define Ohms law
- Correlate
current/volt age
and resistance
- State the
application of
ohms’
law in
treatment with
respect to DC /AC
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 12
Electrotherapy
Explained, Principlesand
practice, John Low , Reed
4th ed, pg 58- 59, 214
Applied
Electronics ,
R.S Sedha – pg
35- 37
Electrothera py
in
rehabilitatio n
, Meryl
Roth Gersh 16-
19
Electrothera
py Evidence
based
Assignmen ts
44
practice –
Sheila Kitchen
11th ed
Pg 11-12
d. Fuse.
Didactic
Resistance
/current
State importance
of fuse
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 46-47
Applied
Electronics ,
R.S Sedha – pg
119
MCQs
e. Earthing
Didactic
Electrical supply
Circuit
Students will be able
to
- understand
Earthing techniques
- precautions.
- importance and
uses
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 41-43,47
f. Electric
Shock:
Didactic
Currents /
dangers of
electricity
Students will be able
to
- Define
Electric
shock,
- Define
Micro,
Macro
currents
- Classify
shock
- Relate with EMF
&
Resistance
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 50-54.
Electrotherapy
Explained, Principlesand
practice, John Low, Reed
4th ed, pg 209
- 218
Electrothera py
in
rehabilitatio n
, Meryl
Roth Gersh 87-
99
45
- Describe
preventive
measures
- Understand
assessment and
managemen t
procedures
after shock
Quiz
- electrical &
chemical burns
- prevention and
managemen t.
Electrothera
py in
Claytons Electro rehabilitatio
therapy, Angela n , Meryl
Forster, Nigel 9th Roth Gersh
ed, pg 183-184
g. Burns:
Didactic
Electrolyte/
Resistance
63,153,109,160,14
0,174
Electrothera
py Evidence
based
Electrotherapy practice –
Explained, Sheila
Principles and Kitchen
practice, John Low , 11th ed
Reed 4th ed, pg 49 Pg 395, 227,
264, 160,
375-376.
h. Condensers
(capacitor):
Students
Seminar
Insulator,
dielectric
- Definition
- Principles
- Types
- construction
,
- working and
uses.
Student will be
able
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 32-36
Electrothera py
in
rehabilitatio n
, Meryl
Roth Gersh 4-7
MCQs
46
- to
understand
Principle of
Capacitor
- types and
working
principle
- uses
Electrothera py
Evidence based
practice –
Sheila Kitchen
11th ed
Pg 12-13
3.
Magnetism:
Students
seminar
Magnet
Molecular theory
of
magnetism
Students will be able
to
- Define
- State the
properties
- Explain the
process of
production of
electricity from
magnetism
- Explain
electromagn etic
induction
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 15-19
Electrothera py
Evidence based
practice –
Sheila Kitchen
11th ed Pg
16-20
MCQs
4.
Electro-
Magnetic
Spectrum
Students
Seminar
Terms:
Wavelength,
Frequency,
reflection and
refraction.
Describe EMS with
its
properties
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 22-28
Therapeutic modalities
for
physical therapist,
diagramma tic
representat ion
of EMS
in Chart
47
William A Prentice,
2nd ed, pg 3-13
5.
Valves
Students
Seminar
Electrons Anode
and
cathode
Semiconduct ors
Types of
valves, its
structure and
function
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 36-38
Assignmen ts
6.
Transforme rs
Students
Seminar
EMF
Earthing
Electro
magnetism
types, principles,
construction
and working
Claytons Electro
therapy, Angela Forster,
Nigel 9th
ed, pg 29-32
7.
Ionization:
Didactic
Electrolytes
Electrolysis
Cathode and
anode
- Principles
- Application
- Effects of
various
technique of
medical
ionization.
-
Iontophores is
Electrotherapy
Explained, Principlesand
practice, John Low ,
Reed 4th ed, 193- 95,536-
537
Claytons Electro therapy,
Angela Forster, Nigel 9th
ed, pg 85-86
Physical agents
in
rehabilitaio n –
from
research to
Practice . 3rd ed
–
Michelle
H.Camerron
, pages 16,
211,223-
225
Group
presentatio n
on
“benefits of
ionization in
the field of
physiother
apy
Sample Questions
• Define Electricity. What are the different types of electricity?
• Name the common types of current used in physiotherapy? What is static electricity?
• Explain the Characteristics of charged body and the lines of forces?
• What is potential difference and EMF?
• What are conductors, semiconductors and insulators, explain its application in electrotherapy treatment?
• Define faraday, volt, ampere, coulomb and watt Unit?
• Define Resistance. Correlate resistance with treatment application using low frequency currents?
• Describe the application of Ohm law in treatment?
48
• What is fuse? Explain its application and uses.
• Explain the Importance of Earthing? Define Electric shock? Describe the preventive measures of electric
shock?
• Guidelines for evaluation of safety of devices (NTK)
• What are the possible causes of burns in electrotherapy department?
• Write a note on importance of evaluation and checking apparatus in prevention of burns.
• Explain the application of capacitor. How does body act as a capacitor to low frequency currents?
• Describe the electromagnetic spectrum? Which of the therapeutic modalities produce electromagnetic
radiation?
• What is electromagnetic induction? What are the applications of valves in equipment’s?
• Explain the type of transformers. Uses of transformers?
• Explain the principle of ionization used in the treatment using DC current?
Topics Reference
Physical agents – history and role in
physiotherapy
Physical agents in rehabilitaion – from research to Practice . 3rd ed – Michelle H.Camerron
Skin battery Electrotherapy Explained, Principles and practice, John Low , Reed 3rd ed,
Pg.14
Guidelines for evaluation of
safety of devices
Electrotherapy in rehabilitation , Meryl Roth Gersh , Pg 87-99
Application of ohms law in
electrotherapy
Electrotherapy in rehabilitation , Meryl Roth Gersh ,Pg. 16- 19
Electrotherapy Evidence based practice – Sheila Kitchen 11th ed, Pg 11- 12
49
MODULE II
Types of Electrical Stimulators [1 Hour]
• NMES- Construction component.
• Neuro muscular diagnostic stimulator- construction component.
• Components and working Principles.
Principles of Application:
Electrode tissue interface, Tissue Impedance,
Types of Electrode, Size & Placement of Electrode – Water bath, Unipolar, Bi-polar, Electrode coupling,
Current flow in tissues, Lowering of Skin Resistance. [2 Hours]
FG Test
SD Curve: Methods of Plotting SD Curve, Apparatus selection,
Characters of Normally innervated Muscle, Characters of Partially Denervated Muscle, Characters of Completely denervated Muscle, Chronaxie &Rheobase. [2 Hours]
50
Unit
No
Lesson
name
Type of
instruction
Learning objectives- at the end of
the lesson, the student must be
able to
Prescribed
Reference
Referenc
e
Practi
cal
refere nce
Method of
assessmen t
1
Types of
stimulators
Didactic
Tp
differentiate different types
of ES
Clinical electro
physiology
- Andrew
Robinson Pages
27-50
Assignme
nt
2 NMES
component
Didactic
Tp identify different parts of
NMES
Clinical electro
physiology
-Andrew
Robinson Pages
51-61
Experime
nts &
demonstra
tions in
Physiother
apy
-Stephen
Dicarlo
Pages 74 to 77
MCQ
3 Principles of
application
Practicals identify types of electrodes,
size of electrodes
Clinical electro
physiology
-Andrew
Robinson Pages
51-61
Practical
demonstrat
ion
4 Positioning of
electrodes
Practicals Demonstrate positioning of
electrodes
Lowering skin resistance
Clinical electro
physiology
-Andrew
Robinson Pages 51-61
Practical
demonstrat
ion
5 Demonstratio
stimulation- m
nPoraf cFtaicradlsic
otor points
Identify different motor
points for UL & Face
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
33
Practical
demonstrat
ion
6 Demonstratio
stimulation- m
nPoraf cFtaicradlsic
otor points
Identify different motor points
for LL & upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela Foster
Practic
al Manual
Practical
demonstrat ion
51
Pages 70-78 page no
33
7 Demonstratio
Galvanic
stimulation- m
nPracticalsof
otor points
Identify different motor
points for UL & Face
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
34
Practical
demonstrat
ion
8 Demonstratio
Galvanic
stimulation- m
nPracticalsof
otor points
Identify different motor points
for LL & upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
34
Practical
demonstrat
ion
9 Faradic
stimulation-
motor points
Practicals
(revision)
Identify different motor points for
UL, LL, face and upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
33-34
Practical
revision
10 Galvanic
stimulation-
motor points
Practicals
(revision)
Identify different motor points for
UL, LL, face and upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
33-34
Practical
revision
11 Faradic
stimulation-
motor points
Practicals
(revision)
Identify different motor points for
UL, LL, face and upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
33-34
Practical
revision
12 Galvanic
stimulation-
motor points
Practicals
(revision)
Identify different motor points for
UL, LL, face and upper back
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 70-78
Practic
al
Manual
page no
33-34
Practical
revision
13 Faradic foot
bath
Practicals
Perform faradic foot bath on
model
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 90-96
Practic
al
manual
Practical
demonstrat
ion
52
page no
19,20
14 Faradism
under
pressure
Practicals Demonstrate FUP for UL & LL Practic al
manual
page no
21
Practical
demonstrat
ion
15 types of
stimulators
Seminar Clinical electro
physiology
- Andrew
Robinson Pages 27-50
16 Components
of NMES
Seminar Clinical electro
physiology
- Andrew
Robinson Pages
27-50
17 FG test & SD
Curve
didactic interpret results of FG test, SD
curve and differentiate normal
& abnormal curves
Electrotherapy
explained
Low and Reid
Pages 124-129
Clayton’s
electrother
apy Angela
Foster
Pages 90- 96
Practic al
manual
page no
19,20
Assignme
nt
18 SD Curve practicals perform SD curve, with
differentiation of normal and
abnormal SD curves
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 90-96
Practic al
manual
page no
40
19 Faradic &
Galvanic
stimulation
Practicals
(revision)
Demonstra
tion
20 SD Curve practicals Interpret different types of
curves
Demonstra
tion on
patients
54
Mention different types of electric stimulators?
Name different parts of NMES?
Describe the procedure of . faradic foot bath?
Mention merits and demerits of SD curve?
What is rheobase & chronaxie?
Types of nerve lesions?
Differentiate different types of curves?
MODULE III- Syllabus
Superficial heating Modalities
1. Wax Therapy: Principle of Wax Therapy application – latent Heat, Composition of Wax Bath Therapy unit,
Methods of application of Wax, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindication, Dangers. [2
Hours]
2. Contrast Bath: Methods of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications.[1 Hour]
3. Moist Heat Therapy: Hydro collator packs – in brief, Methods of applications, Therapeutic uses, Indications &
Contraindications.[1hour].
4. Cyclotherm: Principles of production, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications. [1 Hour].
5. Fluidotherapy: Construction, Method of application, Therapeutic uses, Indications & Contraindications. [ 1
Hour]
6. Whirl Pool Bath: Construction, Method of Application, Therapeutic Uses, Indications& Contraindications. [1
Hour]
7. Magnetic Stimulation, Principles, Therapeutic uses, Indications & contraindication. [1 Hour].
55
8. Cryotherapy: Define- Cryotherapy, Principle- Latent heat of fusion, Physiological & Therapeutics effects,
Techniques of Applications, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers, Methods of application with dosages. [4
Hours]
Sample questions:
• Mention effects of heat on body?
• Effects and uses of wax bath and hydro collator packs?
• Methods of application of wax bath and hydro collator packs?
• Principles of use of cryotherapy?
• Principles of cyclotherm and fluidotherapy?
• Effects and contra indications of cryotherapy?
• Methods of application of cryotherapy?
• Explain the different methods of cold applications? Add a note on its precautions?
• What are the indications of whirlpool therapy?
• What is contrast bath? Mention any two uses of hot collateral packs?
• What is cyclotherm? What are the benefits of fluidotherapy?
• What are the different Methods of wax applications in post traumatic stiffness and its benefits?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE III
SR.
NO.
ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
1 Physiological effects of rise in temperature on tissues
56
2 Therapeutic effects of contrast bath, cyclotherm and fluidotherapy
3 Principles of application and methods of application of cryotherapy
4 Rationale of use of superficial heating modalities to relieve pain
MODULE IV- Syllabus
Interferential Therapy:
• Define IFT, Principle of Production of IFT, Static Interference System, Dynamic Interference system,
Dosage Parameters for IFT, Electrode placement in IFT, Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications
& Contraindications. [2 Hour]
TENS:
• Define TENS, Types of TENS, Conventional TENS, Acupuncture TENS, Burst TENS, Brief & Intense
TENS, Modulated TENS. Types of Electrodes & Placement of Electrodes, Dosage parameters,
Physiological & Therapeutic effects, Indications & Contraindications. [3 Hours]
Pain:
• Define Pain, Theories of Pain (Outline only), Pain Gate Control theory in detail. [2 Hours]
58
Unit
No
Lesson name
Type of
instruction
Learning
Objectives
Prescribed
Reference
Reference
Practical
reference
Method of
assessment
1
Pain gate theory
Didactic
Tp
Explain the
mechanism of pain
relief by pain gate
theory
*Clinical electro
therapy Roger M
Nelson Pages 210-
214;
* Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 78-80
Assignment
2 TENS-
• Definition
• Types effects
• Uses
• Dangers
• C/I
Didactic
Tp
Describe the
• principles of
application
of TENS
• Types of
TENS
• Uses
• Dangers
*Clinical
electrotherapy
Nelson Pages 209-
210
* Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 46-48,
80-84, 96-97
Experiments &
demonstrations
in Physiotherapy
-Stephen Dicarlo
Pages 74 to 77
MCQ
3 TENS- methods of
application
Practicals
(demonstration)
Application of
TENS for different
case scenarios
*Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 92-96;
*Clinical
electrotherapy
Nelson Pages 216-
226
Practical
manual
page no
94-95
Practical
demonstration
4 TENS- methods of
application
Practicals
(supervised)
Apply TENS for
different case
scenarios
*Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 92-96;
Practical
manual
Practical
demonstration
59
*Clinical
electrotherapy
Nelson Pages 216-
226
page no
94-95
5 TENS- methods of
application
Practicals
(supervised
practise)
Apply TENS for
different case
scenarios
*Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 92-96;
*Clinical
electrotherapy
Nelson Pages 216-
226
Practical
manual
page no
94-95
Practical
demonstration
60
6 IFT-
• Definition
• Principles of
production
• Interference
system
Theory
&
Seminar
Describe the
principles of
production of IFT
*Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 101-
104
* Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 107-108
Practical
demonstration
7 IFT-
• Dosage
• Effects &uses
• Contraindications
Theory
Explain the effects
and uses & dosage of
IFT on tissues
*Electrotherapy
explained Low and
Reid Pages 105-
109;
* Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 109-110
Practical
demonstration
8 IFT-
• Methods of
application
• Placement of
electrodes
Practicals
(demonstration)
Demonstrate the
application of IFT
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 110-111
Practical
manual
page no
96-97
61
9 IFT
• Methods of
application
• Placement of
electrodes
Practicals-
(supervised)
Demonstrate
methods of IFT
application
Practical
manual
page no
96-97
62
10 IFT
• Methods of
application
• Placement of
electrodes
Practicals-
(supervised
practise)
Demonstrate
methods of IFT
application
Practical
manual
page no
96-97
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
• Principle of pain relief by pain gate theory?
• Different types of TENS and uses?
• Method of application of TENS for pain relief?
63
• Define IFT and principles of production?
• Dosage of IFT. Contra-indications and uses of IFT?
• Method of application of IFT?
• Describes uses of IFT in stress incontinences?
• How TENS does help in management of back pain?
• Describe pain modulation by TENS?
• What is beat frequency in IFT?
• What is stereo dynamic interference field?
• What is conventional TENS?
• What are the indication and contraindication of IFT and describe about its application on shoulder?
• Name different parts of NMES?
• Mention different types of electric stimulators?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENT
SR.NO ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
1 Principles of IFT production, dosage parameters in acute, sub-acute and chronic conditions
2 Pain relief by pain gate theory
3 Rationale and dosage of TENS in different painful syndromes
64
MODULE V
- SWD
- PEME
- MWD
- IRR
Detailed Lesson Plan
Unit No Lesson name Type of
instruction
Learning objectives-
at the end of the
lesson, the student
must be able to
References Test
question
Unit 1 SWD- definition &
principles of production
Theory explain the
principles of
production of SWD
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 240-
245; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 114-117
Production
of SWD
Unit 2 Methods of Heat
Production by SWD,
Types of SWD Electrode
and effects
Theory explain physiological
&therapeutic effects of
SWD on tissues, types
of SWD electrodes
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 245-
246; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 119-123
Types of
electrodes
in SWD.
Effects and
uses of
SWD
Unit 3 Methods of application of
SWD, spacing & types of
electrodes, Tuning, testing
and dosage
Practicals describe the methods
of application of SWD;
must know how to test
apparatus
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 249-
252; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster pages 134-137
Practical manual page no39.
Methods of
application
of SWD
Dosage of
SWD
65
Unit 4 Methods of application of
SWD, spacing & types of
electrodes, Tuning, testing
Practicals describe the methods
of application of SWD;
must know how to test
apparatus
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 249-
252; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster pages 134-137
Practical manual page no39.
Unit 5 Methods of application of
SWD, spacing & types of
electrodes, Tuning, testing
Practicals describe the methods
of application of SWD;
must know how to test
apparatus
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 249-
252; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster pages 134-137 Practical manual page no39.
Unit 6 Effects & uses of SWD,
dangers & C/I
Theory explain the
physiological and
therapeutic effects,
dangers and C/I of
SWD
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 247-
249; 261-265; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster pages 137-144
Unit 7 PEME Theory highlight the principles
of application of
PEME on tissues
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 265-
272;
Clayton’s electrotherapy
Angela Foster pages 145-
146
What is
PEME?
Unit 8 MWD- definition,
production, effects & uses,
types of emitters, dangers
& C/I, dosage
Theory highlight the principles
of production of
MWD, with its
physiological and
therapeutic effects and
uses, C/I
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 290-
301; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 157-162
Effects and
uses of
MWD.
What is
magnetron?
Dosage of
MWD.
Unit 9 IRR- definition, types of
generators & production
Theory explain the principles
of production of IRR,
differentiate types of
IRR generators
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 303-
307; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 147-149
Production
of IRR.
Types of
IRR generators.
Unit 10 IRR- methods of
application, dosage & C/I,
effects & uses
Theory elaborate the methods
of application, with
dosage & C/I of IRR
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 308-
310; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Effects and
uses and
contra
66
Foster Pages 149-150, 152-
154.
indications
of IRR.
Unit 11 IRR- method of application
& dosage
Practicals demonstrate
application of IRR
the Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 310-
312; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 150-152,
Experiments &
demonstrations in
Physiotherapy- Stephen Dicarlo Pages 43-45, 52.
Dosage
IRR
of
Unit 12 IRR- method of application
& dosage
Practicals demonstrate
application of IRR
the Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages 310-
312; Clayton’s
electrotherapy Angela
Foster Pages 150-152,
Experiments &
demonstrations in
Physiotherapy- Stephen
Dicarlo Pages 43-45, 52.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
• Explain the production of SWD with circuit diagram? Mention about its therapeutics effects?
• Mention the dangers and contraindication of MWD?
• What are the physiological and therapeutic effects of MWD?
• Describe the methods of SWD application in Pelvic inflammatory diseases?
• What is the role of diode value in SWD?
• Describe contraindication of IRR?
• Classify visible and IR radiations?
67
• Describes PEME?
• What is the importance of spacing in SWD?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE V
SR. NO. ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
1 Dosage parameter of SWD in subacute and chronic conditions
2 Types of IRR generators, Dosage parameters of IRR application
3 various methods of application of SWD for shoulder joint
MODULE VI
- Bio-feedback
68
- NCV
- EMG
Detailed lesson plan
Unit No Lesson name Instructor Type of
instruction
Learning
objectives- at the
end of the lesson,
the student must
be able to
Reference Test question
Unit 1 Bio
feedback-
applications
and uses
Theory explain the concept
of bio-feedback,
with its uses
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages
134-143
Principles of bio
feedback and
uses.
Unit 2 Biofeedback-
effectiveness
Theory elaborate the effects
of application of bio
feedback
Electrotherapy explained
Low and Reid Pages
144-146; Clinical
electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages 394-397
Unit 3 Biofeedback- Practicals Demonstrate
working of
biofeedback
equipment
Clinical
electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
394-397
Unit 4 Biofeedback- Practicals Demonstrate
working of
biofeedback
equipment
Clinical
electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
394-397
Unit 5 NCV-
components
Theory identify the
components of
NCV apparatus
Electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
410-422
Components of
NCV
Unit 6 NCV-
procedure
and
Theory perform the
procedure of NCV;
differentiate
Electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
423-441
Procedure of
NCV and
interpretation of
results
69
interpretation
of results
between normal and
abnormal findings
Unit 7 NCV-
procedure
and
interpretation
of results
Practicals perform the
procedure of NCV;
differentiate
between normal and
abnormal findings
Electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
423-441
Unit 8 NCV-
procedure
and
interpretation
of results
Practicals perform the
procedure of NCV;
differentiate
between normal and
abnormal findings
Electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
423-441
Unit 9 EMG Theory explain the
principles of EMG,
with interpretation
of results
Electrotherapy in
Rehabilitation Meryl
Roth Gersh Pages 292-
304; Clinical
electrophysiology
Andrew Robinson Pages
390-395, Experiments &
demonstrations in
Physiotherapy - Stephen Dicarlo Pages 59-62.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is EMG? What is its effect in physiotherapy?
Describe NCV? and explain the procedure of NCV for median nerve?
70
Describe biofeedback? What is the role of EMG biofeedback?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS
SR. NO. ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
1 NCV procedure and interpretation of results
2 Principles and uses of biofeedback
3 EMG and application of EMG in therapeutics
71
MODULE VII- Syllabus
Ultrasound: Define Ultrasound, Frequency, Piezzo Electric effects: Direct, Reverse, Production of US, Treatment Dosage parameters: Continuous & Pul
Attenuation, Coupling Media.
Thermal effects, Non thermal effects, principles & application of US: direct contact, water bag, water bath, solid sterile gel pack method for wound
Uses of US, Indications & Contraindications, Dangers of Ultrasound.
Phonophoresis: Define Phonophoresis, Methods of application, Commonly used drugs, Uses. Dosages of US. [8 Hours]
UVR: Define UVR, Types of UVR, UVR generators: High pressure mercury vapour lamp, Water cooled mercury vapour lamp, tube, Theraktin tunnel, P
Physiological & Therapeutic effects. Sensitizers& Filters.
Test dosage calculation. Calculation of E1, E2, E3, E4 doses. Indications, contraindications. Dangers. Dosages for different therapeutic effects,
Distance in UVR lamp [8 Hours]
LASER: Define LASER. Types of LASER.Principles of production. Production of LASER by various methods.
Methods of application of LASER. Dosage of LASER. Physiological & Therapeutic effects of LASER.
Safety precautions of LASER. Classifications of LASER. Energy density & power density [8 Hours]
72
Unit
No
Lesson name
Type of
instructio
n
Learning objectives-
at the end of the
lesson, the student
must be able to
Prescribed
Reference
Reference
Pract
ical
refere
nce
Method of
assessment
1. UVR-
definition,
principles of
production
Didactic
Tp
state the principles
of production of UVR
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low &Reid
Pages 331-
332
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-Angela Foster
Pgs 180-182
Assignment
2. UVR- types
of generators,
PUVA
apparatus
Didactic
Tp
Differentiate different
types of UV generators
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low &Reid
Pages 361-
361
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-Angela Foster
Pgs 183-185
Assignment
3. UVR- test
dose
Practicals perform test dose of
UVR
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low &Reid
Pages 355- 359
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-Angela Foster
Pgs 191-193.
Practic
al
manua
l pg no
35.
Practicals
4. Physiological
and
therapeutic
Effects,
dangers,
contra
indications of UVR
Didactic
Tp
State uses,
uses, dangers and C/L
of UVR
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low &Reid
Pages 341-
354; 361-
364, 367-369
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-Angela Foster
Pgs 185-191.
assignment
5. UVR-
sensitizers &
filters
Didactic
Tp
state what are
sensitizers & filters in
UVR
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low and
Reid Pages
365-366.
assignment
73
6. UVR test
dose
calculation
Practicals
(revision)
Demonstrate UVR test
dose & E1 calculation
7. UVR revision Seminar
8. UST-
definition &
principles
of production
Didactic
Tp
explain principles of
production of UST
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low and
Reid Pages
149-153;
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-Angela Foster
Pages 165-168.
assignment
9. UST- fields,
attenuation,
Coupling
media
Didactic
Tp
State what are the
different fields of US,
What is attenuation &
importance of coupling
media
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low and
Reid Pages
154-158
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
-
Angela Foster
Pages 168-172.
assignment
10. UST-
methods of
application,
Dosage
parameters
Practicals Demonstrate different
methods of application
of US with dosage
Electrotherap
y explained
-Low and
Reid Pages
166-175
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Pages 177-179.
Practic
al
manua
l page
no 38
Practicals
11. Physiological
& therapeutic
effects, uses
of US
Dangers &
contra
indications
Didactic
Tp
State effects & uses,
dangers, contra
indications of UST
Electrotherap
y explained
Low and
Reid Pages
158-166
Clayton’s
electrotherapy
Angela Foster
Pages 172-176.
assignment
12. Phonophoresi
s in UST
Didactic state the principles and Electrotherap
y explained
assignment
74
procedure of
Phonophoresis
Low and
Reid Pages
163-164.
13. Common
drugs used in
Phonophoresi
s and method
of application
Didactic identify different drugs
used in Phonophoresis
and their effects
Electrotherap
y explained
Low and
Reid Pages
164-166.
MCQ
14. LASER-
introduction,
principles &
types of LASER
Didactic State principles of
production & types of
LASER
Electrotherap
y explained
Low & Reid
Pages 316- 322
Assignment
15. Therapeutic
uses,
principles of
application &
Contra
indications of
LASER
Didactic State principles of
application, uses &
contra indications of
LASER
Electrotherap
y explained
Low & Reid
Pages 323-
328
Assignment
16. LASER-
dosage
calculation
Practicals Calculate dosage of
LASER for different
conditions
Practic
al
manua
l page
34
Practicals
Sample question
• Mention principles of production of UVR?
• Mention different types of UV generators?
• Explain effects & C/I of UVR?
• What are sensitizers and filters in UVR?
• What is Piezzo electric effect?
75
• Explain production of UST?
• What are near and far fields in US. Importance of using coupling media?
• What is standing wave?
• Explain dosage calculation of UST?
• What are the effects and uses of UST?
• Explain principles of Phonophoresis?
• Name drugs used in phonophoresis?
• Explain principles of production of LASER?
• Mention different types of LASER?
• Mention effects and uses of LASER?
• Mention contra-indications of LASER?
LIST OF ASSIGNMENT MODULE VII
SR. NO. ASSIGNMENTS TOPICS
1 Test dose of UVR
2 Physiological and therapeutic effects of UVR on skin conditions with appropriate dosage
3 Dosage rationale of US for different conditions
4 Methods of application of US
5 Properties of LASER; Principles of LASER production
6 LASER dosage calculation
76
MODULE VIII
- CPM
- TRACTION
- TREADMILL
- TILT TABLE
- BODY WEIGHT SUPPORT
- VIBRARTOR
- MAGNETIC STIMULATION
- BIO FEEDBACK
The following units are of one hour duration
Unit
no
Name of lesson Instructor Type
instruction
of Learning objective- at the
end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Mechanism of
working of
Unit
1
Principles
working of CPM
of Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of CPM with its
benefits
CPM
Unit
2
Principles of
working of Traction
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of traction, types
and uses
Traction
Unit
3
Principles
working
Treadmill
of
of
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of treadmill
Treadmill
77
Unit
4
Principles of
working of Tilt
table
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of tilt table
Tilt table
Unit
5
Principles of
working of body
weight support
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of weight support
Body weight
support
Unit
6
Principles of
working of Vibrator
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of vibrator
Vibrator
Unit
7
Principles of
working of
Magnetic
stimulator
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
the working of magnetic
stimulation
Magnetic
stimulator
Unit
8
Principles of
working of Bio
feedback
Practical
Demonstration
Must be able to demonstrate
working of bio feedback
Bio feedback
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Principles of working of Bio feedback?
Principles of working of magnetic stimulator?
Principles of working of vibrator?
Principles of working of traction?
Principles of working of CPM?
78
ELECTROTHERAPY BOOK LIST
LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS MODULE VIII
SR. NO. ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
1 Biofeedback and various methods of biofeedback with its importance’s
2 Traction and physiological and mechanical mechanism behind given traction
3 Types of traction and its applicability on various joints
4 CPM and its importance with application to various conditions and joints
Sl Title Author Editio Year No of Recomme
no
First
Second
n copies nded
1 Electrotherapy explained Principles & Low John Reed Ann 3rd 2000 05
RGUHS Practice
4th 2002 01
2nd 1993 01
2 Clinical Electrotherapy Nelson Roger Haypes 3rd 1999 04 Reference
M Karen W
79
3 Electrotherapy in Rehabilitation Mery Roth 1st 1989 01 Reference
Geresh
4 Physical agents modalities Barcciano 1st 2000 01 Reference
Alferd G
5 Claytons Electrotherapy Kitchen Sheila Bazin 10th 2001 03 RGUHS
Sarah
6
Principles of Electronics
Mehta VK
7th
2001
01
Reference
7 TB of Applied Electronics Seedha RS
2nd 2001 05 Reference
8 Claytons Electrotherapy –Theory & Forster Angela Palastanga 8th 1987 02
Reference Practice Nigel
9th
2000
09
9 Thermal agents in rehabilitation Susan L 3rd 1986 01 RGUHS
Michlovitz
10 Principles and Practice of Electrotherapy Saeed 1st 2001 03 Reference
Ahamad
11 Physical agents : A Comprehensive text Bernadette Mehreteab 1st 1994 01 Reference
for PT Hecox Tsega
Andemica
el
80
12
Electrotherapy EBP
Sheila Kitchen
11th
2002
02
RGUHS
13 Electrotherapy in rehabilitation Merly Roth 1st 1992 01 Reference
Gersh
14 Basics of Electrotherapy Subash Khatri
1st 2003 03 Reference
15 Therapeutic physical modalities Shankar Randall 1st 2002 01 Reference
Kamal Kenneth
D
16 Integrating Physical Agents in Hecox Mehreteab 2nd 2006 01 Reference
Rehabilitation Bernadette Tserg
Andemica
17 TB of Electrotherapy Singh 2nd 2012 04
Reference Jagmohan
1st 2005 01
3rd 2015 02
18 A Physical agents; Theory & Practice for Behrens, Michlovit 1st 1996 01 RGUHS
P.T Assistant Barber. J z Susan L
19 Practical Electrotherapy :A guide to safe Fox john Sharp Tim 1st 2007 01 Reference
81
application
20 Electrotherapy simplified Nanda 1st 2008 01 Reference
Basanth
Kumar
21 Physical agents in rehabilitation Cameron , 3rd 2009 01 RGUHS
Michellle.H
22 Clinical electrophysiology and Robinson , 01 Reference
electrotherapy Andrew.J
23 Electrical stimulation: Iontophorosis , Volume 4 1st 1993 01 Reference
Management of paralysis & use for other
medical condition
24 Physical agent in Physiotherapy, Solomen Aaron 1st 2017 01 Reference
Principles & Practice Subin Pravin
25 Physical Modalities: A primer for Hooper Paul 1st 2014 01 Reference
chiropractic D
83
Table of contents
Sl No Topics
1. Prescribed RGUHS syllabus
2. Recommended text books
3. Module I- General Microbiology
4. Module II- Immunology
5. Module III- Bacteriology
6. Module IV- General Virology
7. Module V- Mycology
8. Module VI- Clinical/ Applied Microbiology
Prescribed Syllabus, RGUHS
1. General Microbiology [5 Hours]
Definitions: infections, parasite, host, vector, fomite, contagious disease, infectious disease,epidemic, endemic,
pandemic, Zoonosis, Epizootic, Attack rate.
Normal flora of the human body.
Routes of infection and spread; endogenous and exogenous infections;
Source at reservoir of infections.
Bacterial cell. Morphology limited to recognizing bacteria in clinical samples Shape, motility andarrangement.
Structures, which are virulence, associated.
Physiology: Essentials of bacterial growth requirements.
Sterilization, disinfection and universal precautions in relation to patient care and diseaseprevention.
Definition of asepsis, sterilization and disinfection.
Antimicrobials: Mode of action, interpretation of susceptibility tests, resistance spectrum of activity.
2. Immunology [5 Hours]
Basic principles of immunity immunobiology : Lymphoid organs and tissues. Antigen, Antibodies, antigen and
antibody reactions with relevance to pathogenesis and serological diagnosis.
Humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell mediated immunity and its role in immunity.
Imunology of hypersensitivity.Measuring immune functions.
84
3. Bacteriology [12 Hours]
Introduction to bacteriology: Morphology, classification according to pathogenicity, mode of transmission,
methods of prevention, collection and transport of samples for laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of laboratory
reports.
Staphylococci,
Streptococci and Pneumococci,
Mycobacteria: Tuberculosis, M.leprae, atypical mycobacteria
Enterobacteriaceae,Vibrois : V. cholerae and other medically important vibrios, Campylobacters and
Helicobacters,Pseudomonas,Bacillus anthracis,Sporing and non-sporing anaerobes: Clostridia, Bacteroides and
Fusobacteria.
4. General Virology [8 Hours]
General properties: Basic structure and broad classification of viruses. Pathogenesis and pathology of viral
infections.
Immunity and prophylaxis of viral diseases.
Principles of laboratory diagnosisof viral diseases.
List of commonly used antiviral agents.
5. Mycology [3 Hours]
General properties of fungi.
Classification based on disease: superficial, subcutaneous and deep
mycosel opportunistic infections including Mycotoxins, systemic mycoses.
General principles of fungal diagnosis and Rapid diagnosis.
Method of collection of samples.
Antifungal agents.
6. Clinical / Applied Microbiology [12 Hours]
Streptococcal infections: Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease,
Meningitis.
Tuberculosis,
Pyrexia of unknown origin,
leprosy,
Sexually transmitted diseases,
Poliomyelitis,
85
Hepatitis,
Acute-respiratory infections,
Central nervous System infections,
Urinary tract infections,
Pelvic inflammatory disease,
Wound infection,
Opportunistic infections,HlV infection,Malaria,Filariasis,Zoonotic diseases.
DETAILED LESSON PLAN
MODULE I:
General Microbiology
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition pages 3-74
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Introduction to
microbiology
Explain about general essential terms like
Infections, parasite, host, vector, fomite,
contagious disease, infectious disease,
epidemic, endemic, pandemic, Zoonosis,
Epizootic, and Attack rate
Define infection, parasite,
host, vector, fomite,
epidemic, endemic,
Zoonosis.
Unit 2 Routes and source of
infection
Explain about the Normal flora of the human
body and various routes of infection and spread
like endogenous and exogenous infections and
also source at reservoir of infections.
Different routes of infection
and spread of infections.
Unit 3 Bacterial cell Describe about bacterial cell morphology
limited to recognizing bacteria in clinical
samples shape, motility and
Arrangement and also structures which are
virulence and associated.
Describe about bacterial cell
morphology.
Unit 4 Physiology Describe about the Essentials of bacterial growth requirements
What are the essential factors for growth of bacteria?
Unit 5 Sterilization and Explain about Sterilization, disinfection and What is sterilization,
86
disinfection universal precautions in relation to patient care
and disease
Prevention and also definition of asepsis,
sterilization, disinfection.
disinfection and universal
precautions to patient care?
Unit 6 Antimicrobials Explain about antimicrobials, its Mode of
action, interpretation of susceptibility tests and
resistance spectrum of activity.
What is antimicrobial?
Mention mode of action of
them.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What are the chemical methods of sterilization?
What is a bacterial capsule?
Define a bacterial spore?
What is Autoclave?
Explain Zoonosis diseases?
Explain Hot air oven.
What is selection of enrich medium?
What are Gaseous disinfectants?
MODULE II
87
IMMUNOLOGY
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition, pages 91-158
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be
able to
Test
question
Unit 1 Principles of
immunity
immunobiology
Describe about basic principles about immunity and immunobiology
including lymphoid organs and tissues.
What are
the
principles
of
immunity?
Unit 2 Antigen and
Antibodies
Explain about antigen, antibodies, antigen and antibody reactions with
relevance to pathogenesis and serological diagnosis
What are
antigens,
antibodies
and their
reactions?
Unit 3 Humoral
immunity
Describe about humoral immunity and its role in immunity Cell
mediated immunity and also its role in immunity
Unit 4 Immunology of
hypersensitivity
Explain about hypersensitivity immunology What is
hypersensit
ivity
immunolog
y? Unit 5 Immune functions Describe about immune function measurement.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Acquired immunity?
What are the Properties of antigens?
What is Hypersensitivity?
Describe the immune function assessment.
88
MODULE III
Bacteriology
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition pages 159-292
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student
must be able to
Test question
Unit
1
Introduction to
Bacteriology
Explain about the Morphology, classification according to
pathogenicity, mode of transmission, methods of prevention,
collection and transport of samples for laboratory diagnosis,
interpretation of laboratory reports.
Give the
classification of
pathogenicity and
mode of
transmission of
bacteria.
Unit
2
Staphylococci Describe about staphylococcus, its morphology,
classification, pathogenicity, modes of transmissions,
methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis
and also its interpretations
Describe
staphylococcus,
morphology,
classification and
mode of transmission of it.
Unit
3
Streptococci Describe about streptococcus , its morphology, classification,
pathogenicity, modes of transmissions, methods of
preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis and also its
interpretations
Describe
streptococcus,
morphology,
classification and
mode of transmission of it.
Unit
4
Pneumococcal Describe about pneumococcal , its morphology,
classification, pathogenicity, modes of transmissions,
methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis
and also its interpretations
Describe
pneumococcus,
morphology,
classification and
mode of transmission of it.
Unit
5
Mycobacterium Describe about mycobacterium including Tuberculosis,
M.leprae, atypical mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , its
morphology, classification, pathogenicity, modes of
transmissions, methods of preventions, collection and
What are
mycobacterium
tuberculosis,
leprae and entero
89
laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations bacteria.
Unit
6
Vibrois Describe about vibrois including V. Cholera,
Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Pseudomonas , its
morphology, classification, pathogenicity, modes of
transmissions, methods of preventions, collection and
laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations
What is Vibrois?
Unit
7
Sporing and
non-sporing
anaerobes
Describe about sporing and non sporing including Clostridia,
Bacteroides and Fusobacteria , its morphology,
classification, pathogenicity, modes of transmissions,
methods of preventions, collection and laboratory diagnosis and also its interpretations
What are sporing
and non sporing
anaerobes?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What are Gram positive bacteria?
Explain the diagnosis of streptococous pneumonia.
Explain the Lab diagnosis of tetanus.
Describe the morphology pathogenecity and lab diagnosis of cornybacterium?
What are Koch’s postulates?
Mention the Prophylaxis against tetanus?
What is Pasteurization?
90
MODULE IV
General Virology
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition, pages 293-360
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 General properties of
virology
Describe about the basic structure and broad classification
of viruses
Mention structure
and classification of
viruses.
Unit 2 Pathogenesis and
pathology
Explain about the pathogenesis and pathology of viral
infections
Unit 3 Immunity and
prophylaxis
Explain about the immunity and prophylaxis of viral
diseases
Explain immunity
and prophylaxis for
viral diseases.
Unit 4 Laboratory diagnosis Describe about the principles of laboratory diagnosis of
viral diseases
Unit 5 Common antiviral
agents
Describe about the list of commonly used antiviral agents
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is HIV?
Describe the morphology, modes of transmission, and lab diagnosis of HIV? Add note on universal
precaution?
Enumerate virus causing hepatitis? Describe the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of hepatitis B virus?
Describe Hepatitis A virus?
Mention the Prophylaxis of hepatitis of B?
91
MODULE V
MYCOLOGY
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition, pages 361-378
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able
to
Test
question
Unit 1 General
properties
Explain about the properties of fungi Mention
properties
of fungi
Unit 2 Classification Describe about the classification on the basis of diseases involving
superficial, subcutaneous, deep mycosel opportunistic infections like
Mycotoxins, systemic mycoses.
Unit 3 Diagnosis Describe about the general principles of fungal diagnosis and rapid
diagnosis
Describe
general
principles
of fungal
diagnosis
and rapid
diagnosis.
Unit 4 Sample
collection
Describe about the method of collection of samples
Unit 5 Antifungal
agents
Explain about the common antifungal agents
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention the classification of fungi based on disease caused.
What do you mean by Candidiatis?
Describe the antifungal agents?
92
MODULE VI
CLINICAL/APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Short text book of Medical Microbiology, Sathish Gupta, 7th Edition, pages 443-492
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be
able to
Test
questions
Unit 1 Streptococcal
infections
Explain about the streptococcal infections including Rheumatic fever and
Rheumatic heart disease
What are
streptoco
ccal
infections ?
Unit 2 Meningitis Describe about Meningitis What is
meningiti
s? Unit 3 Tuberculosis Describe about Tuberculosis
Unit 4 Pyrexia Describe about Pyrexia of unknown origin
Unit 5 Leprosy Describe about Leprosy Mention
causes
and
managem
ent of leprosy.
Unit 6 Sexually
transmitted
diseases
Describe about Sexually transmitted diseases What are
sexually
transmitte
d
diseases?
Unit 7 Poliomyelitis Describe about Poliomyelitis Describe
poliomyel itis.
Unit 8 Hepatitis Describe about Hepatitis What are
different
types of
hepatitis?
Unit 9 Acute-respiratory
infections
Describe about Acute-respiratory infections What are
acute
respirator y
93
infections ?
Unit 10 CNS infections Describe about Central nervous System infections
Unit 11 Urinary tract
infections
Describe about Urinary tract infections What are
UT
infections ?
Unit 12 Pelvic
inflammatory
disease
Describe about Pelvic inflammatory disease What is
pelvic
inflamma
tory disease?
Unit 13 Wound infection Describe about Wound infection
Unit 14 Opportunistic
infections
Describe about Opportunistic infections
Unit 15 HlV infection Describe about HlV infection
Unit 16 Malaria Describe about Malaria Mention
treatment
of
malaria. Unit 17 Filariasis Describe about Filariasis
Unit 18 Zoonotic diseases Describe about Zoonotic diseases
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Name the organisms causing UTI?
Define nosoccomial infections? Discuss th common infections encountered in the hospital? Add a note on
their prevention and control?
Mention the etiology of RTI?
What is anaphylaxis?
Define pyrexia or fever with unknowm origin? Discuss the lab diagnosis of typhoid fever.
What is Microfilaria?
What are E.coli?
Name the organism causing meningitis.
What is the Prophylaxis of DPT?
100
Recommended books/ Reference books in library
Sl Title Authors Edition Year No of Books
no copies
First Second Third
author author author
1 Test Book of Microbiology Ananathnar a Paniker
3rd 1986 05
RGUHS yan R C K 5th 1996 01
Jayaram 7th 2005 02
8th 2011 03
9th 2013 05
2 The Short Text book of Medical Gupte 10th 2010 09 RGUHS
Microbiology Satish 9th 2006 01
3 Test Book of Microbiology Baveja C.P 3rd 2009 06 RGUHS
5th 2016 02
4 Essentials of Medical Microbiology Sastry K Janagond 1st 2016 01 Reference
Apurba Sandhya Anand
Sankar Bhat
101
5 Essentials of Microbiology Kumar 1st 2016 01 Reference
Surinder
6 A .Test Book of Microbiology for Dr Wani 1st 2013 01 Reference
Physiotherapy Imtiyaz
7 Microbiology in Nursing Panjarathin 1st 2004 01 Reference
am .R
8 Microbiology Pelczar Chan 5th 2011 01 Reference
.J.Michael .E.C.S
9 TB of practical Microbiology Parija 1st 2007 01 Reference
Subhash
Chandra
10 Text Book of Microbiology for M Shenoy Dominic 1st 2008 01 Reference
physiotherapy Suchitra Saldanh
a
11 Practical microbiology Baveja C.P 1st 2006 01 Reference
12 Manual of Laboratory Tests Chella June Watson 1st 2004 01 Reference
H Juanita
103
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl No Topics
1. Prescribed RGUHS syllabus
2. Recommended text books
3. Module I
4. Module II
5. Module III
6. Module IV
7. Module V
8. Module VI
9. Module VII
10. Module VIII
11. Module IX
12. Module X
13. Module XI
14. Module XII
15. Module XIII
16. Module XIV
17. Module XV
18. Module XVI
19. Module XVII
104
Prescribed Syllabus, RGUHS
General Pathology
1. Introduction to Pathology [1 Hour]
2. Cell injuries: [3 Hours]
Aetiology and Pathogenesis with a brief recall of important aspects of normal cell structure.
Reversible cell injury : Types, Sequential changes, Cellular swellings, vacuolation, Hyaline changes, Mucoid
changes.
Irreversible cell injury: Types of Necrosis, types of Gangrene and Autolysis.
Pathologic calcification: Dystrophic and Metastatic.
Intracellular Accumulations – Fatty changes, Protein accumulations and Glycogen accumulations,
Pigments – Melanin / Hemosiderin.
Extra cellular accumulations: Amyloidosis – Classification, Pathogenesis, Pathology including special stains.
3. Inflammation and Repair [3 Hours]
Acute inflammation: features, causes, vascular and cellular events.
Inflammatory cells and Mediators.
Chronic inflammation: Causes, Types, Classification nonspecific and granulomatous with examples.
Repair, Wound healing by primary and secondary union, factors promoting and delaying the process.
Healing in specific site including bone healing.
4. Immunopathology [2 Hours]
Immune system: General concepts.
Hypersensitivity: type and examples, antibody and cell mediated tissue injury with examples.
Secondary immunodeficiency including HIV infection.
Auto-immune disorders: Basic concepts and classification, SLE.
AIDS-Aetiology, Modes of transmission, Diagnostic procedures, handling of infected material and health
education.
5. Infectious diseases [3 Hours]
Mycobacterial diseases: Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Syphilis.
Bacterial disease: Pyogenic, Diphtheria, Gram negative infection and Bacillary dysentery.
Viral diseases: Poliomyelitis, Herpes, Rabies, Measles, Rickttsia, Chlamydial infection and HIV infection.
Fungal disease and opportunistic infections.
105
Parasitic diseases: Malaria, Filaria, Amoebiasis, Kala-azar, Cysticercosis, Hydatid cyst.
6. Circulatory Distrurbances [3 Hours]
Hyperemia/Ischemia and Haemorrhage
Edema: Pathogenesis and types.
Chronic venous congestion: Lung, Liver, Spleen, Systemic Pathology
Thrombosis and Embolism: Formation, Fate and Effects.
Infarction: Types, Common sites.
Shock: Pathogenesis, types, morphologic changes.
7. Growth Disturbances and Neoplasia [3 Hours]
Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Metaplasia, Malformation, agenesis, dysplasia.
Precancerous lesions.
Neoplasia: Definition, classification,
Biological behaviour : Benign and Malignant, Carcinoma and Sarcoma.
Malignant Neoplasia: Grades and Stages, Local & Distant spread.
Carcinogenesis: Environmental carcinogens, chemical, viral, occupational. Heredity and cellular oncogenes and
prevention of cancer.
Benign & Malignant epithelial tumoursEg. Squamous papilloma, Squamous cell carcinoma and Malignant
melanoma.
Benign & Malignant mesenchymal tumoursEg: Fibroma, Lipoma, Neurofibroma, Fibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma,
Rhabdo-myosarcoma, Teratoma.
8. Nutritional Disorders [1 Hour] - Protein energy malnutrition: Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, and Vitamin
deficiency disorders,classification with specific examples.
9. Genetic Disorders [1 Hour]
Basic concepts of genetic disorders and some common examples and congenital malformation.
Systemic pathology
10. Hematology [4 Hours]
Constituents of blood and bone marrow, Regulation of hematopoiesis.
Anemia: Classification, clinical features & lab diagnosis.
Nutritional anemias: Iron deficiency anemia, Folic acid,Vit. B 12 deficiency anemia including pernicious anemia.
Hemolytic Anaemias: Classification and Investigations.
Hereditary haemolyticanaemias: Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and Enzyme deficiencies.
Acquired hemolytic anaemias
i. Alloimmune, Autoimmune
106
ii. Drug induced, Microangiopathic
Pancytopenia - Aplastic anemia.
Hemostatic disorders, Vascular and Platelet disorders & lab diagnosis.
Coagulopathies - (i) Inherited (ii) Acquired with lab diagnosis.
Leukocytic disorders: Leukocytosis, Leukopenis, Leukemoid reaction.
Leukemia: Classification, clinical manifestation, pathology and Diagnosis.
Multiple myeloma and disproteinemias.
Blood transfusion; Grouping and cross matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections including HIV &
hepatitis, Blood-components & plasma-pheresis.
11. Respiratory System [2 Hours]
Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Carcinoma of lungs, Occupational lung diseases.
12. Cardiovascular Pathology [2 Hours]
Congenital Heart disease: Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Fallot's tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Endocarditis.
Rheumatic Heart disease.
Vascular diseases: Atherosclerosis, monckeberg's medial calcification, Aneurysm and Arteritis
Tumours of Blood vessels.
Ischemic heart Disease: Myocardial infarction.
Hypertension and hypertensive heart Disease.
13. Alimentary tract [3 Hours]
Oral Pathology: Ulcers, leukoplakia, Carcinoma, oral cavity diseases and tumour of salivary gland, esophagus and
precancerous lesions, Esophagus inflammatory, functional disorders and tumours.
Stomach: Gastritis, Ulcer &Tumours.
Tumours and tumour like condition of the small and large Intestine: Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma, Lymphoma.
Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours :i) Exocrine, ii) Endocrine
Salivary gland tumours : Mixed, Warthin's
14. Hepato – biliary pathology [ 2 Hours]
Jaundice: Types, aetio-pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Hepatitis: Acute, Chronic, neonatal.
Alcoholic liver diseaseCirrhosis: Postnecrotic, Alcoholic, Metabolic and Portal hypertension
Liver abscesses; Pyogenic, parasitic and Amoebic.Tumours of Liver
15. Lymphatic System [ 2 Hours]
Diseases of the gall bladder: Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Carcinoma.
Lymphadenitis - Non specific and granulomatous
Causes of Lymph Node enlargements.
Reactive Hyperplasia, Primary Tumours - Hodgkin's and Non hodgkin's Lymphomas, Metastatic Tumours,
107
Causes of Splenic Enlargements.
16. Musculoskeletal System [3 Hours]
Osteomyelitis, acute, chronic, tuberculous, mycetoma
Metabolic diseases: Rickets/Osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease.
Tumours Classification: Benign, Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma. Arthritis: Suppurative, Rheumatoid,
Osteoarthritis, Gout and Tuberculous.
17. Endocrine pathology [ 3 Hours]
Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Pathogenesis, Pathology, Laboratory diagnosis
Non-neoplastic lesions of Thyroid: Iodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis, myxedema,
Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Tumours of Thyroid: Adenoma, Carcinoma: Papillary, Follicular, Medullary and Anaplastic.
Adrenal diseases: cortical hyperplasia, atrophy, tuberculosis, tumours of cortex and medulla.
18. Neuropathology [3 Hours]
Inflammations and Infections : TB Meningitis, Pyogenic Meningitis, viral meningitis and Brain Abscess
Tuberculosis, Cysticercosis CNS Tumors, Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma and Medulloblastoma
19. Dermatopathology [1 Hour]
Skin tumors :Squamos cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma
108
DETAILED LESSON PLAN
MODULE I:
Introduction to Pathology and Cell Injury
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan, 6th Edition, Pages 1-8, 21-60
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Introduction
to Pathology
Define of pathology; Differentiate between health
and disease; Terminology in pathology; Evolution of
pathology.
What is the difference
between health and
disease?
Unit 2 Cell injury
etiology and
pathogenesis
Explain different etiology of cell injury;
pathogenesis of cell injury; reversible and
irreversible types of cell injury.
What is cell injury?
Unit 3 Dystrophic
and metastatic
calcification
Explain about dystrophic and metastatic
calcification; differences between dystrophic and
metastatic calcification.
What is dystrophic and
metastatic calcification?
Unit 4 Intracellular
accumulation
And pigments
Describe about intracellular accumulation; protein
accumulation; glycogen accumulation and fatty
changes; pigments and its types: melanin and
haemosiderin.
Describe about
intracellular
accumulation.
Unit 5 Extracellular
accumulation
Explain extracellular accumulation; amyloidosis its
classification and pathogenesis.
SAMPLE QUESTION:
What is pathological calcification?
Define cell injury. Discuss the etiology and pathogenesis for the same.
Explain the morphology of reversible cell injury.
Describe the intracellular and extracellular accumulation.
109
MODULE II:
Inflammation and repair
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6thdition pages 130-173
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit
1
Inflammation
and repair acute
inflammation
and
inflammatory
cells and mediators
Explain acute inflammation; its features and causes;
cellular and vascular events; what are the
inflammatory cells and its mediators.
What is inflammation?
What are mediators of
inflammation?
Unit
2
Chronic
inflammation
Explain about chronic inflammation its cause; types;
and classification with examples
Unit
3
Healing and
repair
Explain about healing, repair; wound healing and
special tissue healing.
Explain about healing
and repair
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention the factors affecting healing.
What are the chemical mediators of inflammation?
Write about the process of wound healing.
Describe the phases of bone healing.
Describe the different inflammatory mediators.
110
MODULE III:
Immunopathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 61-92
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson,
the student must be able to
Test question
Unit
1
Immunity system
and
hypersensitivity reactions
Explain about immunity system in brief;
hypersensitivity reactions and its types with
examples
What are hypersensitivity
reactions?
Unit
2
Immunodeficiency
disorders and
autoimmune
disorders
Explain about immunodeficiency disorders with
an example AIDS; autoimmune disorders with
example SLE.
What are
immunodeficiency
disorders?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Syphillis?
What is Opportunistic infection of HIV?
What is hypersensitivity type one reaction?
What are hypersensitivity reactions?
111
MODULE IV:
Infectious Diseases
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition, 174-193
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the
end of the lesson, the student
must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Mycobacterial
diseases
Explain about mycobacterial
diseases like tuberculosis,
leprosy and syphilis.
What are mycobacterial diseases?
Unit 2 Bacterial
diseases
Explain about bacterial diseases
like Pyogenic, Diphtheria, Gram
negative infection and Bacillary
dysentery.
Unit 3 Viral diseases Explain about viral diseases like
Poliomyelitis, Herpes, Rabies,
Measles, Rickttsia, Chlamydial
infection and HIV Infection.
Mention about viral diseases.
Unit 4 Fungal
diseases and
opportunistic
infection
Explain about fungal diseases
and opportunistic infection.
What are opportunistic infections?
Unit 5 Parasite
diseases
Explain about parasite diseases
like Malaria, Filaria,
Amoebiasis, Kala-azar,
Cysticercosis and Hydatid cyst.
What are parasitic diseases?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Tuberculosis?
Mention the pathology of development of Leprosy?
What is Malaria?
What is Filaria?
What is Kala-azar?
112
MODULE V:
Circulatory Disturbances
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition, pages 93-129
Unit
No
Lesson
name
Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Hyperemia,
ischemia
and
hemorrhage
Describe about hyperaemia, ischemia and
haemorrhage
Describe about
hyperaemia, ischemia and
haemorrhage
Unit 2 Edema Describe about oedema, its pathogenesis and types of
oedema
What is oedema?
Unit 3 Chronic
Venous
Congestion
Explain about chronic venous congestion in lung,
liver and spleen.
What is chronic venous
congestion?
Unit 4 Thrombosis
and
embolism
Explain about thrombosis and embolism, its
formation, fate and its effects.
What are thrombosis and
embolism?
Unit 5 Infraction Describe about infraction and common sites of
infraction.
What is infarction?
Unit 6 Shock Explain about shock, it’s Pathogenesis, types and
morphological changes occurring during shock.
Describe about shock, types
and morphological
changes.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is oedema? Classify add a note on cardiac oedema?
What is shock? Give example?
What is air embolism?Describe Embolism and types of embolism.
113
MODULE VI
Growth Disturbances and Neoplasm
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 192-235
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Introduction
to growth disturbances
Describe about atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia,
aplasia, hypoplasia, malformations, agenesis, and dysplasia.
What is aplasia and hypoplsia?
Unit 2 Precancerous
lesions
Explain about precancerous lesions. What are precancerous lesions?
Unit 3 Neoplasm Explain about neoplasm and classification of neoplasm Classify neoplasm.
Unit 4 Biological
behavior
Explain about biological behaviour of benign and
malignant and carcinoma and sarcoma.
Unit 5 Malignant
neoplasm
Describe about malignant neoplasm, about its stages
and grades, and also local and distant spread of
malignant neoplasm.
What is malignant neoplasm?
Unit 6 Carcinogenesis Describe about carcinogens and list different types like
environmental, chemical and viral carcinogens.
What are carcinogens and name
types of carcinogens?
Unit 7 Heredity and
cellular
oncogens and
prevention of
cancer.
Explain about heredity oncogens and cellular
oncogens; also about prevention of cancer.
Unit 8 Benign and
malignant
epithelial tumors
Explain about squamous papilloma, squamous cell
carcinoma and malignant melanoma.
Unit 9 Benign and
malignant
mesenchymal
tumors
Describe about benign and malignant mesenchymal
tumours like fibroma, lipoma, neurofibroma,
fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, teratoma and rhabdo-
myosarcoma.
What is lipoma?
114
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What are the differences between benign and malignanttumours?
What is neoplasm? Give the classification of neoplasm.
What is Dysplasia?
What are Carcinogens?
115
MODULE VII
Nutritional Disorders and Genetic disorders
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 236-265
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must
be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Protein deficiency
disorders
Explain about proficiency disorders like Marasmus and
Kwashiorkor.
What are protein
deficiency
disorders?
Unit 2 Vitamin
deficiency
disorders
Describe about vitamin deficiency disorders with examples. What are Vitamin
deficiency
disorders?
Unit 3 Basic concept on
genetic disorders
Describe about genetic disorders with examples and also about
congenital malformations
What are
congenital
malformations?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Protein energy malnutrition?
What are Vitamin A deficiency disorders?
What are Marasmus andKwashiorkor?
What are the genetic disorders with congenital malformation?
116
MODULE VIII
Hematology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 284-391
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student
must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Bone and bone
marrow
constituents and haematopoiesis
List the constituents of bone and bone marrow; and also
describe the regulation of haematopoiesis
What is
haematopoiesis?
Unit 2 Anaemia Explain about anaemia; its classifications, clinical features
and laboratory diagnosis.
What is anaemia?
Unit 3 Nutritional
anemias
Explain about nutritional anemia like iron deficiency
anemia, folic acid anemia and vitamin B12 including
pernicious anemia
What is iron
deficiency anaemia?
Unit 4 Hemolytic anemias Explain about hemolytic anemia; its classification and
laboratory investigation
Unit 5 Hereditary
hemolytic anemias
Describe about hereditary hemolytic anemias like
Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia, Spherocytosis and enzymes
deficiency anemia.
Unit 6 Acquired
hemolytic anemias
and Pancytopenia
Describe about the acquired type of hemolytic anemia; and
different types like alloimmune, autoimmune, drug induced
and microangiopathic; about pancytopenia and aplastic
anemia.
Unit 7 Hemostatic
disorders
Explain about hemostatic disorders and its lab investigations
Unit 8 Vascular and
Platelets disorders
Explain about vascular and platelets disorders and its lab
diagnosis; and also about coagulopathies and its laboratory
findings
Unit 9 Leukocytic
disorders
Describe about leukocytic disorders like leukocytosis,
leucopenis and leukomoid reactions.
Unit 10 Leukemeia Explain about leukemia, its classifications, clinical
manifestation, pathology and laboratory diagnosis.
Unit 11 Multiple myeloma
and
Disproteinemias
Explain about multiple myeloma and disproteinemias.
117
Unit 12 Blood transfusion Explain about blood transfusion, Grouping and cross
matching, untoward reactions, transmissible infections
including HIV & hepatitis, Blood-components and plasma-pheresis.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Iron deficiency anaemia?
What is Pancytopenia?
Describe about Sickle cell anaemia.
What are the investigations in haemolytic anaemia?
Mention the diagnosis and screening for bleeding disorders.
118
MODULE IX
Respiratory System Pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 461-506
Unit
No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson,
the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Pneumonia Explain about pneumonia with its pathology and
laboratory findings
What are the lab findings
in pneumonia?
Unit 2 Bronchitis Explain about bronchitis with its pathology and
laboratory findings
What is bronchitis?
Unit 3 Bronchiectasis Explain about bronchietasis with its pathology and
laboratory findings
Unit 4 Asthma Explain about asthma with its pathology and
laboratory findings
What is pathology and lab
findings in asthma?
Unit 5 Tuberculosis Explain about tuberculosis with its pathology and
laboratory findings
Unit 6 Carcinoma of
lungs
Explain about carcinoma of lungs with its
pathology and laboratory findings
What is Ca lungs?
Unit 7 Occupational
lung diseases
Explain about occupational lung diseases and
different occupational lung diseases with its
pathology and laboratory findings
What are occupational
lung diseases?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Lobar pneumonia?
Explain pathophysiology and clinical features of Tuberculosis.
What is COPD? Mention its clinical features and management.
What is treatment of Bronchial asthma?
Mention clinical features and treatment of Lung cancer?
Mention various occupational lung diseases?
119
MODULE X
Cardiovascular system pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 417-460
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Congenital Heart
disease
Describe about congenital heart disease like Atrial septal defect,
Ventricular septal defect, Fallot's tetralogy, Patent ductus arteriosus
What are congenital heart diseases?
Unit 2 Endocarditis Describe about endocarditis, its pathology and laboratory diagnosis
What is endocarditis?
Unit 3 Rheumatic Heart disease
Describe about Rheumatic Heart disease , its pathology and laboratory diagnosis
What is RHD?
Unit 4 Vascular diseases Explain about vascular diseases like Atherosclerosis, monckeberg's medial calcification, Aneurysm and Arteritis and tumours of Blood vessels
What is atherosclerosis?
Unit 5 Ischemic heart Disease
Describe about Ischemic heart disease , its pathology and laboratory diagnosis and Myocardial infarction
What is IHD?
Unit 6 Hypertension and
hypertensive heart
Disease
Describe about hypertension and hypertensive heart diseases What i hypertension?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention about investigations and management of Arteriosclerosis.
What is Septal defect?
Mention clinical features of PDA?
What is Rheumatic heart disease?
Describe pathology of Endocarditis?
What is IHD? What is Aneurysm?
Mention clinical features and complications of MI?
What is Hypertension?Mention the types of HTN.
120
MODULE XI
Alimentary System pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 507-648
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Oral Pathology Explain about oral pathology like Ulcers, leukoplakia, Carcinoma,
oral cavity diseases and tumour of salivary gland and esophagus and
precancerous lesions
What are leukoplakia,
Carcinoma of oesophagus and
precancerous lesions?
Unit 2 Esophagus
pathology
Explain about esophagus pathology like Esophagus inflammatory, functional disorders and tumours.
Unit 3 Stomach pathology Describe about stomach pathology including Gastritis, Ulcer and
Tumours.
What are gastritis, ulcer and
tumours of stomach?
Unit 4 Small and Large Intestine pathology
Describe about tumours of small and large intestine like Polyps, carcinoid, carcinoma and Lymphoma
What are polyps?
Unit 5 Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours
Explain about pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours including Exocrine and Endocrine type
What is pancreatitis?
Unit 6 Salivary gland
tumours
Explain about salivary gland tumors including Mixed and Warthin's
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Gastritis?
Mention what is treatment of Warthin tumours?
What is Oesophagal carcinoma?
Mention clinical features of GERD.
What is the management of Peptic ulcer?
What is lymphoma?
121
MODULE XII
Hepato- Bilary Pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 592-648
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Jaundice Describe about jaundice, its Types, aetio-pathogenesis and diagnosis
Mention types an ddiagnosis of Jaundice.
Unit 2 Hepatitis Describe about hepatitis and also Acute, Chronic and neonatal hepatitis
What is acute, chronic and neonatal hepatitis?
Unit 3 Alcoholic liver disease
Describe about alcoholic liver disease its aetio-pathgenesis and diagnosis
What is alcoholic liver disease?
Unit 4 Cirrhosis Explain about cirrhosis, Postnecrotic, Alcoholic, Metabolic and Portal hypertension
What is cirrhosis of liver?
Unit 5 Liver abscesses Explain about liver abscesses including Pyogenic, parasitic and Amoebic liver abscess
What is pyogenic liver bscess?
Unit 6 Liver tumours Explain about tumors of liver and its pathogenesis and diagnosis.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Jaundice? Mention its treatment.
What is Alcoholic liver disease? What is fatty liver?
What is the difference between Hepatitis A andHepatitis B?
What is Cirrhosis of liver?
Mention the tumors of liver.
122
MODULE XIII
Lymphatic system pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 592-647
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student
must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Diseases of the gall
bladder
Explain about diseases of gall bladder with etiology,
pathogenesis and diagnosis like Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis and Carcinoma
Mention diseases of gall bladder.
Unit 2 Lymphadenitis Explain about lymphadenitis and also about Non specific and granulomatous lymphadenitis
What is lymphadenitis?
Unit 3 Lymph Node enlargements
Describe about Lymph Node enlargements and its causes.
Unit 4 Reactive Hyperplasia Describe about Reactive Hyperplasia What is reactive hyperplasia?
Unit 5 Lymphatic Tumours Describe about lymphatic tumours including primary
tumours like Hodgkin's and Non hodgkin's Lymphomas and also Metastatic Tumours.
What is Hodkin’s lymphoma?
Unit 6 Splenic Enlargements Describe about Splenic Enlargements and its causes.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Cholecystitis?What is Reactive hyperplasia?
Write the treatment of Cholelithiasis?
What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
Explain about Spleenic enlargement and its etiology?
123
MODULE XIV
Musculoskeletal system pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 830-859
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Osteomyelitis Explain about osteomyelitis and also about types including acute, chronic, tuberculous and mycetoma.
What is osteomyelitis?
Unit 2 Metabolic
diseases
Explain about metabolic disorders like Osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease.
What is osteomalacia?
Unit 3 Tumours Explain about classification of tumours including Benign, Malignant, Metastatic and synovial sarcoma.
What are benign and malignant tumours?
Unit 4 Arthritis Describe about arthritis and different types including Suppurative, Rheumatoid. Osteoarthritis, Gout and Tuberculous
Describe arthritis and mention its types.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Osteomyelitis?What is Septic arthritis?
Mention about Osteomalacia andPagets disease.
What are Bone tumours? Name some of them with their treatment.
What are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthtitis? What is osteoporosis?
124
MODULE XV
Endocrine pathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 791-829
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Diabetes Mellitus Describe about diabetes mellitus also about its types, Pathogenesis, Pathology and Laboratory diagnosis
Mention types and pathogenesis of DM.
Unit 2 Non-neoplastic
lesions of Thyroid
Explain about thyroid non neoplastic lesion including Iodine deficiency goiter, autoimmune Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis, myxedema and Hashimoto's thyroiditis
What is iron deficiency goiter?
Unit 3 Tumours of Thyroid Describe about thyroid tumours including primary type like Adenoma and Carcinoma like Papillary, Follicular, Medullary and Anaplastic.
Describe thyroid tumours.
Unit 4 Adrenal diseases Explain us about adrenal diseases like cortical hyperplasia, atrophy, tuberculosis, tumours of cortex and medulla
What is cortical hyperplasia?
SAMPLE QUESTION:
What is Diabetes mellitus? Mention the Lab diagnosis and complications.
What is Hashimoto thyroiditis?Explain about Myxedema? What is Iodine deficiency goiter?
Describe Adrenal atrophy?Mention about Cortical hyperplasia.
125
MODULE XVI
Neuropathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 871-895
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Inflammations and Infections
Describe about TB Meningitis, Pyogenic Meningitis, viral meningitis. and
What is TB meningitis?
Unit 2 Brain Abscess Explain about brain abscess including Tuberculosis and Cysticercosis
What is brain abscess?
Unit 3 CNS Tumours Describe about CNS tumours like Astrocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Meningioma and Medulloblastoma
What are CNS tumours?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Define Neuritis and Meningitis.
Explain about Meningioma?
What is Neuroblastoma?
Explain about Astrocytoma?
Mention clinical features of Viral meningitis?
126
MODULE XVII
Dermatopathology
Reference: Text book of pathology: Harshmohan 6th Edition pages 768-790
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Unit 1 Skin tumors Explain about skin tumours including Squamos cell carcinoma, Basal cell carcinoma and Melanoma.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is Melanoma?
Explain about Squamous cell carcinoma.
What is Basal cell carcinoma?
127
Pathology reference and prescribed books in library
Sl Title Authors Editi Year No of Books
n on copie
o s
First Second Third
author author author
1 Pathology illustrated Macfarlane Reid Callande 5th 2000 02 Reference
Peter S Robin r Robin
2 General and system pathology Underwood 3rd 2000 05 Reference
113to117 JCE
3 Basics pathology Robbins M D M.D 3rd 1981 04 RGUHS
Stanley L Vinay Marcia
Kumar Angelia
Robbins M D Cortran 4th 1989 02
Stanley L Vinay Ramzi S
128
Kumar
5th 1994 01
7th 2003 01
4 Clinical Hematology in Medical Gruchy .G Rush 4th 1981 04 Reference
Practice
Bryan
5th
1989
02
7 Pathology –Structure and Boyd Williams 8th 1970 01 Reference
Function in Disease
8 Mosby’s Pathology for Massage Salvo Susan G Anderso
1st 2004 01 Reference
Therapists n Sandra
K
9 Hutchinsons Clinical Method Swash 19th 1989 02 Reference
Michael
10 Text book of pathology Mohan Harsha 2nd 1994 01 RGUHS
3rd 1998 01
4th 2000 04
129
6th 2010 04
7th 2015 01
11 Pathologic Basis of Disease Kumar Vinay Abbar Faesto 7th 2004 01 Reference
Abdul K Nelson
12 General Pathology Bhende Y M Deobhar 4th 1986 02 Reference
e SG
13 Pathology and Intervention in Mager David J Zachaze 2nd 2016 01 Reference
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation wski
James E
131
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl No Topics
1 Prescribed RGUHS syllabus
2 Recommended text books
3 Module I
4 Module II
5 Module III
6 Module IV
7 Module V
8 Module VI
9 Module VII 10 Module VIII
132
Prescribed syllabus, RGUHS
1. General Pharmacology [5 Hours]
Introduction, Definitions, Classification of drugs, Sources of drugs, Routes of drug administration,Distribution of drugs, Metabolism and Excretion of drugs Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Factors modifying drug response, Adverse effects.
2. Autonomic Nervous system [5 hours]
General considerations – The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems, Receptors, Somatic Nervous System Cholinergic and Anti-Cholinergic drugs,
Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs, Peripheral muscle relaxants.
3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology [10 Hours]
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Digitalis, Diuretics, Vasodilators, ACE inhibitors
Antihypertensive Drugs: Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Central Acting Alpha Agonists, Peripheral Alpha Antagonists, Direct acting Vasodilators Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Drugs Used in the Tratment of Vascular Disease and Tissue Ischemia : Vascular Disease, Hemostasis Lipid -Lowering agents, Antithrombotics, Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics Ischemic Heart Disease – Nitrates, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel BlockersCerebral Ischemia, Peripheral Vscular Disease
4. Neuropharmacology [8 Hours]
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines Antianxiety Drugs: Benzodiazepines, Other Anxiolytics
Drugs Used in Treatment of Mood Disorders: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Atypical Antidepressants, Lithium
Antipsychotic drugs
133
5. Disorders of Movement [6 Hours]
Drugs used in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Antiepileptic Drugs Spasticity and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
6. Inflammatory/Immune Diseases [14 Hours]
Non-narcotic Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, Aspirin, Nonaspirin NSAIDs, drug Interactins
with NSAIDsGlucocorticoids: Pharmacological Uses of Glucocorticoids, adverse effects, Physiologic Use of Glucocorticoids Drugs Used in Treatment of Arthritic Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neuromuscular Immune/Inflmmatory Diseases: Myasthena gravis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, systemic lupus Erythmatosus, Scleroderma, Demyelinating Disease
Respiratory Pharmacology: Obstructive Airway Diseases, Drugs used in Treatment of Obstructive airway Diseases, Allergic Rhinitis
7. Digestion and Metabolism [6 Hours]
Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Peptic Ulcer Disease, Constipation, Diarrhea Drugs Used in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics
8. Geriatrics [ 6 Hours]
Pharmacology and the geriatric Population: Adverse effects of special concern in the Elderly, Dementia, Postural hypotension.
134
DETAILED LESSON PLAN
MODULE I:
General Pharmacology
Essential of Medical Phramacology, K.D Tripathi, 5thedition, page no. 3-70 Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the
student must be able to
Test questions
Unit 1 Introduction Explain about the definitions, classification of drugs and sources of drugs.
Mention classification of drugs.
Unit 2 Route and distribution List the routes of drug administration and its distribution.
Name routes of drug administration.
Unit 3 Metabolism and Excretion Describe about the metabolism and excretion of
drugs
Mention metabolism of drugs.
Unit 4 Pharmacokinetics Explain about the Pharmacokinetics
Unit 5 Pharmacodynamics Explain about the Pharmacodynamics
Unit 6 Factors modifying drug response List the factors involving drug response
Unit 7 Adverse effects Describe about the adverse effects of the drugs. Mention adverse drug reactions.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention the sublingual route of administration of drugs.
What are the merits and demerits of intra muscular route of drug administration?
What is pharmacodynamics?
Mention adverse effects of drugs.
Enumerate routes of drug administration with examples. Write the advantages and disadvantages of oral, IV and SC routes of
administration.
MODULE III
135
MODULE II
Autonomic Nervous System
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition, page no.71-134, 309-332
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 General considerations Describe about the sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems, its receptors and somatic nervous system
Mention receptors of sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems.
Unit 2 Cholinergic and Anti Cholinergic drugs
Explain about the cholinergic and Anti- cholinergic drugs
What are cholinergic and anti cholinergic drugs?
Unit 3 Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs
Explain about the adrenergic and adrenergic blocking drugs
What are adrenergic drugs?
Unit 4 Peripheral muscle relaxants Explain about the peripheral muscle relaxants
Mention the mechanism of action of muscle relaxants.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What are anti-cholinergic drugs?
Mention about adrenergic blocking drugs.
Mention the peripheral muscle relaxants.
MODULE IV
136
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition, page no: 442-520
Unit No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Drugs Used in the
Treatment of Heart
Failure
Explain us about the drugs used for heart failure like digitalis, diuretics, vasodilators and also ACE inhibitors
Mention drugs used in heart failure.
Unit 2 Antihypertensive
Drugs
Describe about the antihypertensive drugs like diuretics, beta
blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE Inhibitors, central acting alpha agonists, peripheral alpha antagonists and also direct acting vasodilators
What are anti hypertensive drugs?
Unit 3 Anti-rhythmic Drugs
Explain about the Anti-rhythmic Drugs
Unit 4 Drugs Used in the
Treatment of
Vascular Disease
Explain about the drugs used for vascular diseases like hemostasis lipid-lowering agents, anti-thrombotics, anticoagulants and thrombolytics
Name drugs used in treatment of vascular disease.
Unit 5 Drugs used for
Tissue Ischemia
Explain about the ischemic heart disease drugs like Nitrates,
Beta-Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers and also about the Cerebral Ischemia drugs
What are the drugs used in treating IHD?
Unit 6 Peripheral Vascular
Disease
Explain about the Peripheral Vascular Disease drugs. Mention drugs used in treatment of PVD.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention drugs used in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Write the mechanism of action of any two of them?
Explain the drugs used in treatment of heart failure and the mechanism of action?
What is the action of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers?
What are the uses and adverse effects of Metformine?
Mention the mechanism of action of Nitrates and calcium channel blockers in treatment of ischemic heart disease?
Classify antihypertensive drugs administration. Discuss mechanism of action, pharmacological action and adverse effects of
angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors?
MODULE V
137
Neuropharmacology
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 333-368,391-441
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test questions
Unit 1 Sedative-
Hypnotic
Drugs
Explain about the sedative –hypnotic drugs like Barbiturates and
Benzodiazepines
What are the drugs used for
sedation? Mention their mode of action.
Unit 2 Antianxiety Drugs
Explain about the antianxiety drugs like Benzodiazepines and other Anxiolytics
What are the anti anxiety drugs?
Unit 3 Drugs Used in
Treatment of
Mood Disorders
Explain about the drugs used for mood disorders like Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Atypical Antidepressants and Lithium
Name drugs used in treatment
of mood disorders.
Unit 4 Antipsychotic drugs
describe about antipsychotic drugs
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention the drugs used in the treatment of anxiety.Explain the drugs used in treating mood disorders.
Describe the antipsychotic drugs.
Describe the mechanism of action of Barbiturates.
MODULE VI
138
Movement Disorders
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 369-390
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Drugs used in
Treatment of
Parkinson’s Disease
Explain about the drugs used for Parkinson’s disease Mention mechanism of action of drugs used in treating Parkinsonism.
Unit 2 Antiepileptic
Drugs
Explain about the antiepileptic drugs What are anti epileptic drugs?
Unit 3 Spasticity and
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Describe about the anti-spastic and skeletal muscle relaxants What are anti spastic and skeletal muscle relaxants?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
What is the action of L-Dopa?
Classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Discuss mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of pancuronium.
Mention the uses and adverse effects of anti epileptic drugs.
Describe the anti-spastic muscle relaxants.
MODULE VII
139
Inflammatory/ Immune diseases
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 167-184, 256-265, 185-212, 71-134
Unit No
Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Non-narcotic
Analgesics and Non
steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs
Explain about the Non-narcotic Analgesics and Non steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs such as Acetaminophen( NSAIDs), Aspirin, Non aspirin (NSAIDs) and also the drug interactions with NSAIDs
What are the NSAIDs? Mention their mechanism of action.
Unit 2 Gluco-corticoids Explain about the Gluco corticoids and also Pharmacological Uses of Gluco corticoids, its adverse effects and Physiologic Use of Gluco corticoids
Unit 3 Drugs Used for Arthritic Diseases
Explain about the Drugs Used for Arthritic Diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Gout.
Mention drugs used in treating arthritic diseases.
Unit 4 Drugs used for N M
Immune/Inflammatory
Diseases
Explain about the Drugs Used for Neuromuscular Immune/Inflmmatory Diseases like MyastheniaGravis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies, systemic lupus Erythmatosus, Scleroderma and Demyelinating Disease.
Unit 5 Respiratory
Pharmacology
Explain about the drugs used for Obstructive Airway Diseases and Allergic Rhinitis.
Mention drugs used in treating obstructive airway diseases.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Explain about Gluco-corticoids, its pharmacological uses and adverse effects.
Explain the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and their uses and adverse reactions.
Mention the drug reactions of aspirin and its adverse reactions.
Uses and adverse effects of Salmeterol and Hydrocortisone. Nasal decongestants and their adverse effects.
MODULE VIII
140
Digestion and metabolism
Essential of Medical Phramacology, KD Tripathi, 5th edition 587-626
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test questions
Unit 1 Gastrointestinal
Pharmacology
Explain about the drugs used in Gastrointestinal diseases like peptic ulcers disease, constipation and diarrhoea.
Unit 2 Drugs Used in
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Explain about the drugs Used for Diabetes Mellitus such as insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs
What are the drugs used in treating DM? Mention their mechanism of action.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Mention the drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, their uses and adverse reactions.
What are the drugs used in the treatment of constipation? Mention their mechanism of action.
Explain the drugs used in treatment of DM, mechanism of action and adverse reactions.
Write a note on insulin preparation.
Uses and adverse effects of Rantidine.
141
Geriatrics
Essential of Medical Pharmacology, KD Tripathi, 5TH edition, page no: 435-440
Unit No Lesson name Learning objectives- at the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
Test question
Unit 1 Pharmacology
and the
geriatric Population
Explain about the pharmacology and the geriatric Population and also about the adverse effects with concern of elderly population, dementia and postural hypotension.
What are the adverse effects of drugs used in treatment of elderly, dementia and hypotension?
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Briefly mention pharmacokinetic changes in geriatric population.
Mention the drugs to be avoided in the elderly. Mention the reason for the same.
What are the adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of postural hypotension?
Describe the drugs used in the treatment of dementia, mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects.
Pharmacology text books in llibrary
142
Sl Title Authors Editio Year No of Books
no n copies
First author Second Third
author author
1. Pharmacology and Ramesh K V 1st 2011 01 Reference
Pharmacotherapeutics
2. A Concise TB of Pharmacology Dr Murugesh N
5th 1999 05
RGUHS
3. Pharmacology and Satosker R S Bhandar Alwapur 7th 1980 02
RGUHS Pharmacotherapeutics kar S.D e S.S
10th 1986 05
11th 1988 04
12th 1991 01
16th 1999 01
143
19th
2005
01
22nd 2011 01
4. TB of Pharmacology for PT Uday Kumar 1st 2004 05
RGUHS
Padmaja 2nd
2011
10
5. Clinical Pharmacology Dr Laurence Bennett Brown 8th 1997 01 Reference
PN MJ
6. TB of Therapeutics-Drug and Gourley Geeta K Holt 7th 2000 01 Reference
Disease Management James M
7. Pharmacology in Rehabilitation Ciccone Charles Wolf and 1st 1990 02 Reference
D Steven L
8. Essentials of Medical Tripathi KD 2nd 1988 03
RGUHS
Pharmacology
3rd
1994
01
144
4th 1999 02
5th 2003 04
7th 2013 04
9. Pharmacology for Physiotherapy Dr. R 1st 2018 01 Reference
Students .Chandrashekar
10. Pharmacology for Ramesh K U Shenoy 1st 2005 01 Reference
Physiotherapist K Ashok
11. Pharmacology Rang H P Dale Rittu 5th 2003 01 Reference
M.M .J.M
12. Medical Therapeutics Hossain A.S.M.T
1st 2003 01 Reference
13. Fundamentals’ of Experimental Ghosh M N 3rd 2005 01 Reference
Pharmacology