Journal

Genes Control cellular activities through a two step process called protein synthesis. Name and discuss the significance of the two steps.

What is the Sugar in RNA?

Ribose

What are the three types of RNA?

tRNA, rRNA, mRNA

What does rRNA do?

Makes up ribosomes

Is the genetic code different in all organisms?

No, the bases are the same different organisms have

different sequences

Is protein synthesis regulated?

YES

Are all genes transcribed all the time?

no

When are the introns removed?

Before the mRNA leaves the nucleus

What are introns?

Junk DNA/RNA that does not code for proteins

What are exons?

DNA/RNA that codes for a protein

What is a change in one or a few nucleotides?

Point mutation

What is the type of mutation that occurs if a nucleotide is removed?

deletion

What is the type of mutation that occurs when one nucleotide base is swapped for a different nucleotide base?

Substitution

What are the RNA base pairing rules?

A-UG-C

Where does transcription begin?

At a promotor

What are the two processes that make up protein synthesis?

Transcription and Translation

What are the complements of codons on tRNA?

anticodons

Q. What are three differences between RNA and DNA

A. RNA has U instead of T, Ribose instead of deoxyribose, and RNA is

single stranded DNA is double stranded

Q. What is the process of making RNA from DNA?

A. Transcription

Q. Where does transcription take place?

A. in the nucleus

Q. Where does the mRNA go after transcription?

A. Out through the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Q. Transcribe this DNA sequence: AAGCATCCTGCA

A. UUCGUAGGACGU

Q. What happens to the parent strand of DNA after the mRNA is transcribed?

A. it lets go of the mRNA and winds back up

Q. What enzyme is used in transcription?

A. RNA polymerase

Q. What does mRNA do?

A. carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out

through the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Q. What is a codon and what does it do?

A. a set of three nucleotide bases that code for an amino

acid

Q. What does tRNA do?

A. Brings the amino acids to the correct coding sequences

Q. What organelle is involved in translation?

A. Ribosome

Q. Use this mRNA chart to answer the question AAG - lysine GAA – glutamine ACU - threonine GGC – glycine AGU– serine GUA – valine CAU - histidine UAA – tyrosine CCG - proline UGA - tryptophan CUU - leucine UUC - phenylalanine

Given the amino acid sequence histidine-tryptophan-leucine-lysine-proline: What is the sequence of bases coding for this amino acid chain?

A. CAUUGACUUAAGCCG

Q. What is the sequence of the coding strand of DNA that would transcribe into this mRNA CAUUGACUUAAGCCG?(2pts)

A. GTAACTGAATTCGGC

Q. Describe the process of translation using the words mRNA, ribosome, codon, tRNA, and amino acid. A. During translation, a ribosome

attaches to the mRNA, and reads the triplet nucleotide base codons which code for a specific amino acid. tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome where they attach and form a chain

Q. What does Gel electrophoresis do?

Separates DNA fragments by molecular weight

Q. What are two things that Scientists can extract DNA from?

A. Hair, Blood, Saliva, Urine…

Q. What do restriction enzymes do?

A. Cut DNA into fragments at specific base sequences