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Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Population census as a vehicle to the collection of migration statistics –
country practices
Haoyi Chen
United Nations Statistics Division
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Presentation plan
Sources of international migration statistics United Nations recommendations on the collection of migration statistics Country practices using the 2000 and 2010 round of population censuses Conclusion
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Sources of international and internal migration information
Population censuses Sample surveys Administrative sources – border collection,
population registers, registration for foreigners etc.
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Why census matter?
An important part of an integrated national statistical system.
Collects demographic, socio-economic info. of every individual in a defined territory, at the well-defined point in time.
Population censuses are the most widely available source for collecting data on the immigrant stock and its characteristics.
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
United Nations Recommendations
Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses, Revision 2
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Recommended topics to be included in census questionnaires
International migration characteristics- Country of birth- Citizenship- Year or period of arrival
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Recommended topics
Geographical and internal migration characteristics:- Place of birth- Duration of residence- Place of previous residence- Place of residence at a specified date in the past- Place of usual residence- Place where present at time of census*- Total population*- Locality*- Urban and rural** derived topics, might not be identified from a questionnaire
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Analysis based on:
Questionnaires from 179 countries in 2000 round (out of 203 countries that have conducted census)
Questionnaires from 66 countries in 2010 round (out of 78 countries that have conducted census)
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Country of birth
Region 2000 round 2010 round
Total Number
Percent Total Number
Percent
Africa 34 30 88.2 19 15 78.9
America, North 31 31 100.0 7 6 85.7
America, South 11 10 90.9 3 2 66.7
Asia 41 30 73.2 16 8 50.0
Europe 39 34 87.2 5 5 100.0
Oceania 23 23 100.0 16 15 93.8
Total 179 158 88.3 66 51 77.3
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Place of birth
Region 2000 round 2010 round
Total Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 29 85.3 19 17 89.5
America, North
31 29 93.5 7 6 85.7
America, South
11 10 90.9 3 3 100.0
Asia 41 27 65.9 16 9 56.3
Europe 39 29 74.4 5 4 80.0
Oceania 23 20 87.0 16 13 81.3
Total 179 144 80.4 66 52 78.8
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Country/place of birth - examples
Where was ___ born?– State locality if born in Botswana
otherwise state country Was ___ born in South Africa?
– If no, in what country was the person born?
Place of residence of the parents at birth of the member of household
Did you come to Anguilla before you were one year old? (!!!)
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Citizenship
Region 2000 round 2010 round
Total
Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 31 91.2 19 16 84.2
America, North
31 14 45.2 7 4 57.1
America, South
11 5 45.5 3 1 33.3
Asia 41 30 73.2 16 12 75.0
Europe 39 29 74.4 5 5 100.0
Oceania 23 19 82.6 16 11 68.8
Total 179 128 71.5 66 49 74.2
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Citizenship – examples (1)
What is the country of ___'s citizenship?What is ___'s nationality?Ethnie ou nationalité. Inscrivez l'ethnie pour
les Gabonais, la nationalité pour les étrangers et mettez autre Gabonais pour les personnes naturlisées
Is (the person) a citizen of ___?
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Citizenship – examples (2)
Dual citizenship: (If dual citizenship or citizenship of another
country) What is the name of the country?Do you have another nationality besides
Swiss nationality?– No– Yes, of which country?
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Citizenship – examples (3)
Citizenship acquisition: Is this person a CITIZEN of the United
States?- Yes, born in Puerto Rico → Skip to 15a- Yes, born in a U.S. state, District of Columbia, Guam,
the U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Mariana Islands- Yes, born abroad of American parent or parents- Yes, a U.S. citizen by naturalization- No, not a citizen of the United States
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Citizenship – examples (4)
What is your nationality?1. You were born French.2. You later became French through
naturalization, declaration, with your majority or by demonstration of will, etc.…Indicate your nationality at birth: _____
3. ForeignerIndicate your nationality: _____
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Year or period of arrival
Region 2000 round 2010 round
Total Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 2 5.9 19 4 21.1
America, North
31 26 83.9 7 5 71.4
America, South
11 7 63.6 3 2 66.7
Asia 41 8 19.5 16 3 18.8
Europe 39 11 28.2 5 2 40.0
Oceania 23 11 47.8 16 8 50.0
Total 179 65 36.3 66 24 36.4
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Year or period of arrival - examples
Last arrival: In what year did you last come to the Bahamas to live?
First arrival: Year of first arrival in Malaysia (for those born outside
Malaysia) Open or unspecified:
How many years have you lived in Argentina? If you were born outside of French Polynesia, in what
year did you come to the country? In what year did you become a resident of Brazil?
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Duration of residenceRegion 2000 round 2010 round
Total Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 16 47.1 19 13 68.4
America, North
31 11 35.5 7 1 14.3
America, South
11 2 18.2 3 1 33.3
Asia 41 24 58.5 16 8 50.0
Europe 39 16 41.0 5 1 20.0
Oceania 23 9 39.1 16 3 18.8
Total 179 78 43.6 66 27 40.9
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Duration of residence - examples
How many years have you lived in this district?
Duration of residence. (If the place of residence has changed)
In which year did you move to this island?For how long have you been lived without
interruption in this commune?Year of last migrationYear of settling at the legal residence
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Place of previous residence
Region 2000 round
2010 round
Total Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 12 35.3 19 10 52.6
America, North
31 11 35.5 7 1 14.3
America, South
11 2 18.2 3 1 33.3
Asia 41 21 51.2 16 7 43.8
Europe 39 12 30.8 5 1 20.0
Oceania 23 4 17.4 16 0 0.0
Total 179 62 34.6 66 20 30.3
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Place of previous residence - examples
What is your place of previous residence? Place of residence prior to current residence What is the federal unit or foreign country of
previous residence? Was the previous (last) place or your
residence in Poland or abroad?
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Place of residence at a specified date in the past
Region 2000 round
2010 round
Total Number Percent Total Number Percent
Africa 34 23 67.6 19 8 42.1
America, North
31 17 54.8 7 6 85.7
America, South
11 9 81.8 3 3 100.0
Asia 41 18 43.9 16 9 56.3
Europe 39 24 61.5 5 3 60.0
Oceania 23 19 82.6 16 15 93.8
Total 179 110 61.5 66 44 66.7
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Place of residence at a specified date in the past - examples
Where did ... live in August 1995?Where did this person live 1 year ago, that
is, on May 14, 1995?Commonly used duration:
1-yr5-yr10-yrA date that most people are likely to remember
(such as last election year, the year hurricane hit the country etc)
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Other topics covered by countries but outside of the UN recommendations (Rev. 2) - 1
Emigration of household members (also asked are characteristics about the emigrants)
44 countries Often asked are age, sex, duration
abroad, country where resided, reason for moving abroad, occupation, education attainment etc.
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Other topics covered by countries but outside of the UN recommendations (Rev. 2) - 2
Ever-lived abroad(returning citizens) 23 countries Duration abroad, reason for returning,
year of return and previous country of residence
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Other topics covered by countries but outside of the UN recommendations (Rev. 2) - 3
Reason for move/immigration: 35 Resident status of foreigners in the
country: 17 Country of birth of parents:12 Refugee/displacement related:9 Migrant worker: 6 Countries/place expected to live in the
future: 3
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Overall picture
Topics2000 2010
Number Percent Number Percent
Country of birth 158 88.3 51 77.3
Place of birth 144 80.4 52 78.8
citizenship 128 71.5 49 74.2
Year/period of arrival 65 36.3 24 36.4
Duration of residence 78 43.6 27 40.9
Place of previous residence 62 34.6 20 30.3
Place of residence at a specified date in the past 110 61.5 44 66.7
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Conclusions - 1
• Census is the most widely used data source for migration stock statistics
• Country of birth was asked the most• However, if we combine the questions on
“Duration of residence/previous residence” and “place of residence in a specified date in the past”, information on previous residence is even more commonly assessed
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
Conclusions - 2
• Compliance with the UN recommendations varies by countries
• Different ways of asking questions might bring comparability issues
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
For more information
2010 World Population and Housing Census Programme
National Census questionnaires
• Interactive database on using population census to collect international migration data
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, 14-16 April 2010, Geneva
THANK YOU!