Post on 02-Apr-2015
Jets and Annular Structures
in Geophysical Fluids: Introduction
Jets and Annular Structures
in Geophysical Fluids: Introduction
Shigeo YODENKyoto Univ.
Shigeo YODENKyoto Univ.
Objectives To bring together those working on the problem of
annular modes with those working on related features and dynamics within other geophysical fluids
To promote the development of predictive theories of annular modes and the behaviors of jets in Earth's atmosphere, in the oceans, and in planetary atmospheres
Topics(A) Jets in the Atmosphere(B) Jets in the Oceans(C) Atmospheric Annular Modes(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary Atmospheres(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)
This Chapman conference
My very private motivations(A, C) Atmospheric Jets and Annular Modes
Yoden, Shiotani, and Hirota (1987) Multiple planetary flow regimes in the southern
hemisphere. J.Met.Soc.Japan, 65-4, 571-586.analysis of low-frequency variations of zonal mean zonal
windsingle-jet regime double-jet regime
“SH Annular Modes”(c.f., Thompson and Wallace, 2000)
double-jet regime
single-jet regime
1980 1981
1982 1983
Thompson and Wallace (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016.
Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere
Akahori and Yoden (1997) Zonal flow vacillation and bimodality of baroclinic
eddy life cycles in a simple global circulation model. J.Atmos.Sci., 54-19, 2349-2361.
perpetual runs of an idealized Mechanistic Circulation Model
(c.f., Thorncroft et al., 1993)
“LC1”anticyclonic breakingin high-latitude jet regime“LC2”cyclonic breakingin low-latitude jet regime
Thorncroft, Hoskins, and McIntyre, 1993: Two paradigms of baroclinic wave life-cycle behaviour. Quart.J.Roy.Met.Soc., 119, 17-56.
PV contour on an isentropic surface (PV- plot) in an Atlantic storm track sharing its main characteristics
LC1-type life cycle
the mean jet
anticyclonic breaking
LC2-type life cycle
the mean jet cyclonic breaking
Robinson, 2006: Eddy mediated interactions between low latitudes and the extratropics. The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere (Schneider and Sobel Eds.), Princeton Univ. Press.
Schematics of eddy-zonal flow interactions in a “normal” circulation
effects of tropical warming (ElNino)effects of global greenhouse warmingregime shift to “equatorial super rotation” ?
Yoden, Yamaga, Pawson, and Langematz (1999) J.Met.Soc.Japan, 77-2, 431-445. Yoden, Taguchi, and Naito (2002) Numerical studies on time variations of the troposphere- stratosphere coupled system. J.Met.Soc.Japan, 80-4B, 811- 830.
composite analysis of normalized zonal-mean temperature variations for
a. 34 zonal wave-1 SSW eventsb. 30 zonal wave-2 SSW events
difference in downward penetration to the troposphere
WN1 events
WN2 events
Baldwin and Dunkerton (1999) J.Geophys.Res., 104, 30,937-30,946. ------ and ------ (2001) Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes. Science, 244, 581-584.
dynamical interactionsbaroclinic wave (BW) - zonal flow interaction
– rotating annulus experiments (c.f., tilted-trough vacillation)– Southern-Hemisphere like situation
role of forced planetary waves (PWs)– Northern-Hemisphere like situation
troposphere-stratosphere coupling– vertically propagating PWs and evanescent BWs
time-dependent behavioroscillations
– vacillation (Lorenz, 1963)regimes
– multiple flow equilibria (Charney and DeVore, 1979)
predictability/predictiontime-scale separation: intraseasonal time-scale from that of
BWshemispheric vs. local: blocking phenomena, Rossby wave trains,
...circulation changes due to global warming
(B) Jets in the OceanRhines (1994) Jets. Chaos, 4-2, 313-339.
periodic domain closed basin
Antarctic circumpolar current multiple jets in a closed basin
high-resolution model
wave transport vs. turbulent mixing ......
Galperin et al. (2004, GRL)
time-averaged circulation forced by periodic wave forcing
periodic domain closed basin
(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary AtmospheresDowling and Spiegel (1990) Stellar and Jovian vortices. Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sci., 617, 190-216
Observed “surface” wind profiles
deep convection in spherical shell or shallow 2D turbulence universality and diversity of planetary atmospheres .......
Sun
(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)Ishioka, Hasegawa and Yoden (2006) Asymmetrization of jet profiles in beta-plane turbulence
Rhines (1975, JFM ) “Waves and turbulence on a beta-plane”
characteristic wavenumber
Yoden and Yamada (1993) A numerical experiment on two-dimensional decaying turbulence
on a rotating sphere. J.Atmos.Sci., 50-4, 631-643. Williams (1978) “Barotropic representation of Jovian and Terrestrial Turbulence. Ω=400
(c.f., Ishioka et al., 1999)
emergence of a westward circumpolar vortex
zonal jet structure in low-latitudes
(Williams, 1978)
Laboratory experiments on “Rossby waves and the polar vortex”
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, University of Washington a polar ß-plane experiment: rapidly rotating (Ω=3.2/s) homogeneous fluid with a free surface
producing mechanism of a westward circumpolar vortexweakly nonlinear Rossby waves or highly nonlinear PV mixing
2D non-divergent barotropic fluid vs. shallow water infinite or finite value of Rossby’s deformation radiusbalanced dynamics, role of gravity waves
application to the real atmospheres and oceans
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/research/gfd/gfd.html
Objectives To bring together those working on the problem of
annular modes with those working on related features and dynamics within other geophysical fluids
To promote the development of predictive theories of annular modes and the behaviors of jets in Earth‘s atmosphere, in the oceans, and in planetary atmospheres,
or, in Geophysical Fluids
Topics(A) Jets in the Atmosphere(B) Jets in the Oceans(C) Atmospheric Annular Modes(D) Jets and Annular Flows in Planetary Atmospheres(E) Jets in Idealized Flows (GFD)
This Chapman conference
Time 9 (Mon) 10 (Tue) 11 (Wed) 12 (Thu)
9:00-10:00 Intro. Yoden (B) J. Marshall (A) McIntyre (D) Allison
(A) Lee
10:00-10:30 Poster session-2 Poster session-3 Poster session-4
<30 min.> <Coffee break> <Coffee> <Coffee> <Coffee>
11:00-11:30 (A) Swanson 11:30-12:30 (A) Haynes (B) Gille (C) Baldwin (D) Miesch
(A) Dunkerton (B) Hughes (C) Ambaum (D) Read
<90 min.> <Lunch> <Lunch> <Lunch> <Lunch>
14:00-15:30 (C) Wallace
(B) Nakano (E) Hayashi (D,E) Galperin
(B) Berloff (E) Ishioka (C) Black
(C) Kushner (A,B) Shuckburgh (E) Smith (C) Watterson
<30 min.> <Coffee break> <Coffee break>
(C) Huang
16:00-17:00 Short intro. of (C) Lorenz <Coffee break>
Posters - 1 & 2 (C) Jin Panel Discussions(Chair) Robinson17:00-18:00 Poster session - 1 Short intro. of
<Ice Breaker> Posters - 3 & 4
<30 min.> <Break> <Break>
18:30-20:00
<Conf. Dinner> <Conference Party>
20:00-21:00 (E) Rhines