WESTERN HERITAGE

ARCHITECTURE JEDDAH

Mariam ALRashedShahad ALSulimani

CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION

-About Jeddah -History -weather

• Jeddah city

• Building Techniques

• Architectural Features-External Form -Building Height -Architectural elements

-Rowshan-Mashrabiya

• Decorations

• Building Materials

About Jeddah

LOCATION

HISTORYPRE

ISLAM

• Stone age • Artifacts and writings• Dates before Alexander the Great

ISLAM• Othman bin Affan made it a Major port for entering the city of

Makkah.

Mamluk rule

• Ummayyads, then Abbasids, followed by Ayyubids, and finally the Mamluks.

OttomanRule

• was attacked several times by the Portuguese

Climate  Extreme heat and humidity, lack or absence of rain

Jeddah’s Tempreture Around the Year

Jeddah’s Old Walls and Gates: Jeddah's Old Wall and GatesThe wall surrounding Jeddah was built by Hussain Al-Kurdi, who was one of the Mamluk Princes, because he wanted to protect the Red Sea from the attacks by the Portuguese thus embarking on providing it with castles, towers, and cannons to repel the warships that are assaulting the city. He also initiated the construction of this wall and dug a trench outside it to further guard the city from enemy attacks

Building technique the method of building was to arrange the building stones over each other, separated by pieces of wood (Takaleel), which helped in the fair distribution of the loads on the walls. This old method of building, which uses wood and stone, is very similar to the modern concrete and timber way of building where wood is used to hold concrete in order to alleviate the weight of the building

• Jeddah’s urban compactness shaped by narrow zigzagged alleys.

• The street configuration: shading, air wind patterns.

Architectural Features:

• External Form • Building Height • Architectural elements

External Form: • A cubical mass of 2-5 floors without major

projection.

• Skeleton of four sides that entirely opened, but covered with wooden elements

• The only projections or breaks are the rowshans, and mashrabeya emphasizing the shading along the elevations.

Building Height: High-rise, earlier buildings were 2-3 floors.Late 19th and early 20th centuries, tendency for higher buildings ( 6-7 floors)

Architectural Elements: -Rowshans:

They are 60-90 cm projected wooden skeleton covered with decorative wooden panels and screens. It covers the entire elevation of the upper floors.

Rowsahn main Parts

Rowshan’s Functions:• Maintenance of the privacy of indoor

spaces• Ventilation (middle panels are slid able

and with louvers)• Sitting / sleeping• Thermal insulation, solar rays reduction,

and sandy air filteration. • Shading the external surfaces ( walls and

streets) • Aestheticizing the building ( highly

decorated with engraved ornaments). 

-Rowshans required large amount of wood. Imported from southest Asia. Each rowshan has is unique decoration layout.

Mashrabiyas:Different rowshan in term of size, location and function. Mashrabiya is smaller and mostly in Majlis/ Salons. Pots of water are placed on its base to cool the air passing by it.

Doors:Massive, two panels of teak wood with heavy metallic nails and knockers.

Decorations: -Ceiling Decorations:

Usually on woods, stones or gypsum surfaces. Also it comes with different patterns such as geometric, floral and scripts (mostly Quranic) either engraved or painted.

-Roof Edge Decorations: They also decorated their roofs with different shapes and patterns.

-Main Doors Decorations: Main door is the most decorated part as it signifies transition from public life into private life, and a socio- economic symbol.

Constuction Materials :• Coral Stone • Wood • Gypsum

Coral Stone

Wood

GypsumThey used gypsum mostly in decorating facades, framing doors and windows. They all painted in white color as protection from climatic conditions. It has different patterns whether with floral or geometric shapes.

Constuction Materials :

 http://www.isprs-ann-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/II-5-W1/7/2013/isprsannals-II-5-W1-7-2013.pdfhttp://www.globalbuiltenvironmentreview.co.uk/Documents/9.1%20commentary%20Arif%20Kamal.pdfhttp://www.slideshare.net/HishamMort/historic-jeddah-presentation-belin-sept-2014?from_action=savehttps://weatherspark.com/averages/32766/Jeddah-Makkah-Saudi-Arabiahttp://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/jeddahhttp://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=jeddah+cityhttps://www.jeddah.gov.sa/english/JeddahCity/index.phphttp://www.slideshare.net/HishamMort/historic-jeddah-presentation-belin-sept-2014?qid=27162130-161c-45c5-bfba-82847a4a2783&v=qf1&b=&from_search=34