Design Patterns

FactoryFlyweightSingletonObserverProxyDecorator

What Are Design Patterns?

A solution to a language independent OO Problem.

If the solution is a reoccurring over time, it becomes a “Pattern”.

.net

Java

C++C#

VB.net

Factory PatternDefinition

The Factory pattern provides a way to use an instance as a object factory. The factory can return an instance of one of several possible classes (in a subclass hierarchy), depending on the data provided to it.

Where to use

1) When a class can't anticipate which kind of class of object it must create.

2) You want to localize the knowledge of which class gets created.

3) When you have classes that is derived from the same subclasses, or they may in fact be unrelated classes that just share the same interface. Either way, the methods in these class instances are the same and can be used interchangeably.

4) When you want to insulate the client from the actual type that is being instantiated.

Factory PatternClass Diagram

Factory Patternpublic abstract class Product { public void writeName(String name) { System.out.println("My name is "+name); }}

public class ProductA extends Product { }

public class ProductB extends Product { public void writeName(String name) { StringBuilder tempName = new StringBuilder().append(name); System.out.println("My reversed name is" + tempName.reverse()); }}

public class ProductFactory { public Product createProduct(String type) { if(type.equals("B")) return new ProductB(); else return new ProductA(); }}

ProductFactory pf = new ProductFactory(); Product prod;

prod = pf.createProduct("A"); prod.writeName("John Doe"); prod = pf.createProduct("B"); prod.writeName("John Doe");

Connection, Statement, ResultSet

Proxy PatternDefinitionDefinition

A Proxy is a structural pattern that provides a stand-in for another object in order to control access to it.

Where to useWhere to use

1) When the creation of one object is relatively expensive it can be a good idea to replace it with a proxy that can make sure that instantiation of the expensive object is kept to a minimum.

2) Proxy pattern implementation allows for login and authority checking before one reaches the actual object that's requested.

3) Can provide a local representation for an object in a remote location.

Proxy PatternClass Diagram

Proxy Patterninterface IExploded {public void pumpPetrol(String arg);

}class ProxyExploded implements IExploded{

public void pumpPetrol(String arg){System.out.println("Pumping. ");

}}

public class Pattern_Proxy implements IExploded{

StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer();public void pumpPetrol(String arg){

strbuf.append(arg);System.out.println("Pumping. ");if(strbuf.length() >70){

explosion2(); strbuf.delete(0, strbuf.length()); System.exit(0);}else if(strbuf.length()>50){

explosion1(); }

}

public void explosion1(){ System.out.println("System is about to Explode"); }

public void explosion2(){System.out.println("System has exploded... Kaboom!!.. \r\n”+”To Much Petrol.."+strbuf.length()+" L");

}}

public static void main(String arg[]){ IExploded prox = new Pattern_Proxy();

for(int y=0; y<50; y++){prox.pumpPetrol("Petrol.");

}}

Singleton PatternDefinition

The Singleton pattern provides the possibility to control the number of instances (mostly one) that are allowed to be made. We also receive a global point of access to it (them).

Where to use

When only one instance or a specific number of instances of a class are allowed. Facade objects are often Singletons because only one Facade object is required.

Benefits

•Controlled access to unique instance. •Reduced name space. •Allows refinement of operations and representations.

Class Diagram Singleton Pattern

Singleton Patternpublic class MapLogger{ private static MapLogger mapper=null; // Prevent clients from using the constructor private MapLogger() { /* Nothing Here :-) */ }

//Control the accessible (allowed) instances public static MapLogger getMapLogger() { if (mapper == null) { mapper = new MapLogger(); } return mapper; }

public synchronized void put(String key, String val) { // Write to Map/Hashtable... }}

Flyweight Pattern

Definition The Flyweight pattern provides a mechanism by which you can avoid creating a large number of 'expensive' objects and instead reuse existing instances to represent new ones.

Where to use 1) When there is a very large number of objects that may not fit in memory. 2) When most of an objects state can be stored on disk or calculated at Runtime. 3) When there are groups of objects that share state. 4) When the remaining state can be factored into a much smaller number of objects with shared state.

BenefitsReduce the number of objects created, decrease memory footprint and increase performance.

Flyweight Pattern

Flyweight Patternclass Godzilla { private int row; public Godzilla( int theRow ) { row = theRow; System.out.println( "ctor: " + row ); } void report( int theCol ) { System.out.print( " " + row + theCol ); } } class Factory {

private Godzilla[] pool; public Factory( int maxRows ) { pool = new Godzilla[maxRows]; } public Godzilla getFlyweight( int theRow ) { if (pool[theRow] == null) pool[theRow] = new Godzilla( theRow ); return pool[theRow]; } }

public class FlyweightDemo { public static final int ROWS = 6, COLS = 10; public static void main( String[] args ) { Factory theFactory = new Factory( ROWS ); for (int i=0; i < ROWS; i++) { for (int j=0; j < COLS; j++) theFactory.getFlyweight( i ).report( j ); System.out.println();} } }

Observer PatternDefinition

Proxy pattern is a behavioral pattern. It defines a one-to-many dependency between objects, so that when one object changes its state, all its dependent objects are notified and updated.

Where to use

1) When state changes of a one object must be reflected in other objects without depending on the state changing process of the object (reduce the coupling between the objects).

Observer Pattern

Observer Patternpublic class WeatherStation extends Observable implements Runnable { public void run() { String report = this.getCurrentReport(); notifyObservers( report ); }}

public class WeatherObserver implements Observer { private String response; public void update (Observable obj, Object arg) { response = (String)arg; }}

Observer Patternpublic class WeatherClient { public static void main(String args[]) { // create a WheatherStation instance final WeatherStation station = new WeatherStation(); // create an observer final WeatherObserver weatherObserver = new WeatherObserver(); // subscribe the observer to the event source station.addObserver( weatherObserver ); // starts the event thread Thread thread = new Thread(station); thread.start(); }}

Decorator PatternDefinition

Decorator pattern is a structural pattern. Intent of the pattern is to add additional responsibilities dynamically to an object.

Where to use

1) When you want the responsibilities added to or removed from an object at runtime.

2) When using inheritance results in a large number of subclasses.

Decorator Pattern

Decorator Pattern// The Coffee Interface defines the functionality of Coffee implemented by decoratorpublic interface Coffee { // returns the cost of the coffee public double getCost(); // returns the ingredients of the coffee public String getIngredients(); } // implementation of a simple coffee without any extra ingredientspublic class SimpleCoffee implements Coffee { public double getCost() { return 1; } public String getIngredients() { return "Coffee"; }}

Decorator Pattern// abstract decorator class - note that it implements Coffee interfaceabstract public class CoffeeDecorator implements Coffee {

protected final Coffee decoratedCoffee; protected String ingredientSeparator = ", "; public CoffeeDecorator(Coffee decoratedCoffee) { this.decoratedCoffee = decoratedCoffee; } public double getCost() { // implementing methods of the interface return decoratedCoffee.getCost(); } public String getIngredients() { return decoratedCoffee.getIngredients(); }}

Decorator Pattern// Decorator Milk that mixes milk with coffee// note it extends CoffeeDecoratorpublic class Milk extends CoffeeDecorator { public Milk(Coffee decoratedCoffee) { super(decoratedCoffee); } public double getCost() { // overriding methods defined in the abstract superclass return super.getCost() + 0.5; } public String getIngredients() { return super.getIngredients() + ingredientSeparator + "Milk"; }}

Decorator Patternpublic class Whip extends CoffeeDecorator { public Whip(Coffee decoratedCoffee) { super(decoratedCoffee); } public double getCost() { return super.getCost() + 0.7; } public String getIngredients() { return super.getIngredients() + ingredientSeparator + "Whip"; }}

Decorator Patternpublic class CoffeMaker { public static void main(String[] args) { Coffee c = new SimpleCoffee(); System.out.println("Cost: " + c.getCost() + "; Ingredients: " + c.getIngredients()); c = new Milk(c); System.out.println("Cost: " + c.getCost() + "; Ingredients: " + c.getIngredients()); }}

Decorator Patternpublic class Whip extends CoffeeDecorator { public Whip(Coffee decoratedCoffee) { super(decoratedCoffee); } public double getCost() { return super.getCost() + 0.7; } public String getIngredients() { return super.getIngredients() + ingredientSeparator + "Whip"; }}