Janzen ecn2013

We are developers of tropical real estate.

Our clients:Our clients

375,000

in perpetuity

Client interview

Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG)

Costa Rica

Pacific

Pacific Ocean

1,200 KM2 LAND: PHILADELPHIA AND SUBURBS

cloud forestrain forest

dry forest

marine

ACG: 15,000 SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA; 5,000 FOOD PLANTS; 4,000 PARASITOIDS

Adding DNA barcoding to biodevelopment of a complex tropical conserved wildland.

International Barcode of Life: iBOL - create a searchabledirectory for life on earth.

And to build it, 8 billion searchers.

We are talking about

GPS for biodiversity.

Where is your specimen

in taxonomic space?

- - - - - - -

parataxonomists: 38 secure careers in wildland biodiversity management

12 Life Zones13 rearing barns365 days/year

85 km (1,200 km2)

~ Area of Philadelphia and suburbs

~ 3 parataxonomists do ~ 40,000 rearings/yr

building the caterpillar and barcode library

03-SRNP-8745http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu

Codotractus imalenaHesperiidaeEstacion CacaoSector CacaoArea de Conservacion GuanacasteCosta RicaN323150 E37565003/21/2003Lonchocarpus oliganthus (Fabaceae)Harry Ramirez+70 more fields

COI: atcgcctaatgctgga….

stack ofevents

Codotractus imalenaHesperiidaeEstacion CacaoSector CacaoArea de Conservacion GuanacasteCosta RicaN323150 E37565003/21/2003Lonchocarpus oliganthus (Fabaceae)Harry Ramirez+70 more fields …millions

Truck fulls

32 years of ACG Nymphalidae toUS National Museum of Natural History

130,000+ 5-legged vouchers.

Names are Us

History footnote: March 2003, Professor Paul Hebert & government Canada. Thank you.

The Mitochondrial Genome

D-Loop

H-strand

ND4LND3

COICOIL-strand

Small ribosomal RNA

Large ribosomal RNA

ATPase subunit 8

ATPase subunit 6

An actual fly

DNA barcode –

A 650-letter “word” ACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAGCTTGATCTAGAATAATTGGAACTTCTTTAAGAATATTAATTCGAATTGAATTAGGTCATCCAGGTTCCTTAATTGGAAATGACCAAATTTATAATGTAATTGTAACAGCTCATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCACCAGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATGAATAATATAAGTTTTTGACTTCTTCCTCCTGCTTTAATACTTTTATTAACAAGTAGAATAGTAGAAAGTGGAGCTGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTATCCTCCTTTATCATCTATTATTGCTCATGGAGGAGCATCTGTTGACTTAGCTATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTGTAAATTTTATTACAACTGTAATTAATATACGATCTATTGGTATTACCTTTGATCGAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCAGTTGCTATTACAGCCTTATTACTTTTATTATCTTTACCAGTTTTAGCTGGAGCAATTACAATATTATTAACNGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTG

We are talking about

GPS for biodiversity.

Where is your specimen

in taxonomic space?

- - - - - - -

I, robot

$400,000

Biodiversity Institute of Ontario

barcodes, export quality from Canada

How do I get them?

Bob Poole at Nearctica http://www.nearctica.com/Argyrosticta/Argyrosticta.htm

Opsiphanes bogotanus

tamarindi

zelotes

cassini

quiteria

invirae

bogotanus

tamarindi

zelotes

cassini

quiteria

invirae

Janzen01

Opsiphanes

bogotanus

tamarindi

zelotes

cassini

quiteria

invirae

Janzen01

cassini

Janzen01

girls cassini

Janzen01

Opsiphanes

Opsiphanes fabricii

Opsiphanes jacobsorum

Opsiphanes fabricii

Opsiphanes quiteria

Prepona

laertes

Licania arborea 27

Hirtella racemosa 63

Chrysobalanaceae

Inga spp. 85

Andira inermis 2

Zygia longifolia 36

Fabaceae

Prepona laertes &demodice

Amphonyx lucifer

Udranomia kikkawai

Eacles imperialis

Danaus gilippus 1863

Asturodes fimbriauralis eats Colubrina (Rhamnaceae)

Asturodes new species eats Gouania (Rhamnaceae)

8% different in DNA barcodes

rain forest sympatric

Anacrusis males

Anacrusis females

Urbanus segnestami

Urbanus bernikerni

Urbanus ehakerni

Once Urbanus belli, now three new species

16,000+ records of parasitic flies (Tachinidae), 5% of all.

420 morphospecies of flies. 96% very specialized, but 16 generalists with names. Monty Wood, taxonomist.

But, are they

generalists?

Barcode

16 species.

Alex SmithUniv. Guelph

Tachinidae

16 generalist

species

turned into

73 species.

Of these, nine

remain

generalists.

Canada to Argentina

Mexico to Costa Rica

Creagrura nigripes

Cubus validus

Hyposoter INB-42

ICHNEUMONIDAE

Hesperiidae: Nascus broteas x Braconidae: Apanteles leucostigmus

Braconidae: Microgastrinae: Apanteles leucostigmus

32 rr323

2becomes Braconidae: Microgastrinae: 37 species

640 new species of Costa Rican campoplegine parasitic wasps, all INBio and donors

186 new species of ACG braconid microgastrine parasitic wasps, all current ACG staff

800 new species of ACG tachinid parasitic flies, all current and past ACG staff & donors

What we thought we know, we don’t know. Use the new orca pictures. If time,

A second one of giraffes or elephants.

Everyone of us thinks we know the name; none of 7 billion people do.

ACG June 2013

From 30,000 feet, a trap sample: 27 Auto cari & 1 Auto minivani

Ian Gauld (1947-2009) = superb ichneumonid taxonomist

routine identification

Enicospilus (Ichneumonidae)

before barcoding, 1 day of work to identify,40spp

after barcoding, 11 undescribed species

What’s the hurry?

if you can’t read the forest, it’s just firewood

if you can’t read the forest, it’s just biofuel

Wright Brothers’ airplane

Canadian National Collection

accumulated voucher specimens

Atacta brasiliensis

sort by barcode, by host caterpillar

DHJ01 DHJ02

Coenipeta bibitrix

Mocis latipes

Noctuidae hosts of Atacta brasiliensis

Dunama jessiebarronae

Ethmia stephenrumseyi

Tithraustes lambertae

Erbessa stroudi

Porphyrogenes peterwegei

Anacrusis terrimccarthyae

Euglyphis jessiehillae

Urbanus bernikerniPhareas burnsi

150 staff

$6.5 m/year

2% of Costa Rica

165,000 ha

Of 9,000+ species3 cases with nearly identical barcodes

Adelpha melanthe

Adelpha phylaca

What we lack is

a program called “Know thy park” conducted by the conserved wildland itself

in collaboration with the national and international community.

We have extraordinarily poor knowledge and understanding of

what it is we are conserving, what it does, where it lives, and how to find it when we want it -- in the big disorderly green garden.

And we ask starving and stressed society to pay the bill to conserve the garden?

Phareas burnsi 2013 Phareas coeleste 1852

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