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2011 Guidelines for the Control and Management of Ships’ Biofouling to Minimize the Transfer of

Invasive Aquatic Species

James River Reserve Fleet

Relevance of Hull BiofoulingRelevance of Hull Biofouling• Shipping identified as a major vector of organism

transfers on a global scale

• Bias in ecological research toward ballast-mediated transfers

• Very little data exist on hull biofouling

• Hull fouling transfer of organisms has been historically important

•Photos by Aquatic Bioinvasion Research and Policy Insitiute, Portland State University, http://www.clr.pdx.edu

•Photo by Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, http://www.serc.si.edu

IMO ActivityIMO Activity

• MEPC 56 (2007) – high priority item assigned for inclusion in the work programme of BLG

• BLG 13 (2009) - agrees to develop Guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species

• Adopted 15 July 2011, Resolution MEPC.207(62)

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What is Biofouling?What is Biofouling?

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Biofouling is influenced byBiofouling is influenced by

• Design and construction, particularly the number, location and design of niche areas

• Operating profile

• Places visited and trading routes

• Maintenance history

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Niche AreasNiche Areas(overboard discharge pipes) (overboard discharge pipes)

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Niche AreasNiche Areas(intakes)(intakes)

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Niche AreasNiche Areas(Dry docking support strips)(Dry docking support strips)

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Guidelines SectionsGuidelines Sections

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•Biofouling Management Plan• Measures to be undertaken on the ship

•Record Book• Records of practices implemented

•AFS Installation and Maintenance•Procedures for Ship Maintenance & Recycling Facilities•In-water Inspection and Cleaning•Design and Construction Considerations •Dissemination of Information•Training and Education (masters and crew)

The Biofouling Management Plan

Should be specific to each ship and kept with documentation. Should address:•Details of AFS & operational practices/treatments used, including those for niche areas•Hull locations susceptible to biofouling, schedule of planned inspections, repairs, maintenance and renewal of AFS•Details of the recommended operating conditions and practices suitable for the chosen AFS •Details relevant for the safety of the crew including details of the AFS

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Biofouling Record Book

Should record details of all inspection and biofouling management measures undertaken. Includes:•Details of AFS and operational practices used, where/when installed, areas coated, maintenance, etc.•Dates/locations of dry dockings/slippings and any measures taken to remove biofouling or renew/repair AFS•Dates/locations of in-water inspections, results, corr. actions•Dates/details of inspections of internal sea water cooling systems•Details of when ship operated outside of its normal profile, including layup or long periods of inactivity

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AFS Installation & Maintenance

AFS and operational practices are the primary means of BF prevention and control for the hull and niche areas. Guidelines provide:•Factors to consider when choosing an AFS and for installing, reinstalling or repairing the AFS (such as surface preps and care for sea chests).

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Procedures for Maintenance and Recycling Facilities

• Capture biological material removed• Treat all biological material removed• Schedule arrivals to/departures from facilities

to minimize risks• Remove all fouling while in dry dock

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Sampling the hull and survey methodsSampling the hull and survey methods

•80 f •80 f

•Rudder

•Propellers•Propeller Shaft

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Survey Methods (Contd.)Survey Methods (Contd.)

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•1•2•3•4•5•7 •6•8

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•Beaumont Hulls•Underwater photographs ~12x18 cm

In-Water Cleaning of the HullIn-Water Cleaning of the Hull

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Pre-Cleaning Hull StatusPre-Cleaning Hull Status(frame 14 on hull)(frame 14 on hull)

Waterline Keel

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Post-CleaningPost-Cleaning(Frame 14)(Frame 14)

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0102030405060708090

100

Hard Shell SoftGrowth

Other BarnacleSeat /

OrganismRemnant

Bare Hull

Before Hul l Cleaning

After Hul l Cleaning

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Suisun Bay James River Beaumont

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Suisun Bay James River Beaumont

Before Hull Cleaning

After Hull Cleaning

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cent

age

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r (m

ean

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per

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ple

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SE)

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ampl

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Effects of Hull CleaningEffects of Hull Cleaning

Dry docking in SF BayDry docking in SF Bay

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Sampling Niche AreasSampling Niche Areas

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Where do we go from here?Where do we go from here?

Develop ISO standards to be developed to assist industry in implementing elements of the Guidelines

1.In-water survey methods to determine effectiveness of husbandry actions?

2.Other?

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Questions?

Carolyn Junemanncarolyn.junemann@dot.gov

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