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ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4177L2/12-0252012-01-24
Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character SetInternational Organization for StandardizationOrganisation Internationale de Normalisation
ะะตะถะดัะฝะฐัะพะดะฝะฐั ะพัะณะฐะฝะธะทะฐัะธั ะฟะพ ััะฐะฝะดะฐััะธะทะฐัะธะธ
Doc Type: Working Group DocumentTitle: Proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCSSource: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project)Authors: Michael EversonStatus: Liaison ContributionAction: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTCReplaces: N1687 (1998-01-18), N1947 (1999-01-29)Date: 2012-01-24
1. Introduction. The Old Permic script was devised in the 14th century by Russian missionary Stefan of Perm (fl.1373โ1395), and was used to write the Uralic languages Komi and Komi-Permyak. Its model was basedon the Greek and Cyrillic alphabets (as can be seen from the order of the letters) but many of the glyphswere taken from the โTamga signsโ, used in indigenous Komi religious practices; in this way Stefanmade a link between traditional signs, which had much to do with the self-identity of the Komi, andChristian traditions. In addition to writing Komi, the script was used cryptographically to write Russian,since it was unknown to most readers of Russian; this explains a number of the extensions made at theend of the alphabet.
2. Processing. Old Permic is a simple, caseless, alphabetic script, read from left to right in horizontallines running from top to bottom. Several combining diacritics are attested in use in Old Permic. In thetable, ๐ซ EF U+1036B and ๐ฌ HA U+1036C are given with glyphs which are not the most commonly foundones. More common representation of the corresponding phonetic entities makes use of combiningcharacters: ๐ท is represented by U+1035F ๐ PEEI + ยจ and ๐ธ is represented by U+103FA ๐ KOKE + ยจ. Notethe similarity of ๐ซ and ๐ฌ to Greek ฯ and ฯ. Five combining characters may be found with Old Permiccharacters: COMBINING DIAERESIS, COMBINING DOT ABOVE, COMBINING BREVE, COMBINING COMMA ABOVE,and COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE (providing that U+20DB can be used with letters; otherwise a newcombining character should be added). The use of diacritical marks is peculiar in Old Permic. Sometimesit appears that the diacritic is semantically null, analogous to the use of a breve in German handwriting(especially the angular handwritten script Fraktur) over lower-case u to differentiate it from n (that is,where u is not really supposed to be u + breve and would not be so encoded in text). Sometimes,particularly in word-initial position, vowel quality or consonant palatalization may be marked, apparentlyindifferently, by these diacritics. There may be more information on this in Lytkin 1952 but the Russian isslow going for me. Characters like COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO may be used, e.g. to indicate abbreviationor numeric use of a character (see sample texts below).
3. Script name. Stipa calls the script โPermischโ; Pillu uses the terms โvanapermiโ, โะดัะตะฒะฝะตะฟะตัะผัะบะธะนโ,and โOld-Permianโ in Estonian, Russian, and English respectively. Haarmann calls it โAburโ andโAltsyrjรคnischโ (= โOld Komiโ); โAburโ is a name derived from the names of the first two characters AN
and BUR (so ๐๐-๐๐๐ is equivalent to ฮฌฮปฯฮฑ-ฮฒฮฎฯฮฑ and ะฐะท-ะฑัะบะธ). โOld Permicโ is consistent with otherscript names in the UCS, as well as consistent with Pilluโs terminology.
4. Character names and repertoire. The names used for the characters here are based on the namesgiven in Lytkin 1952. The name SHCHOOI is not attested but has been modeled on SHOOI on the analogy ofRussian SHA and SHCHA.
5. Numerals. Script-specific numerals are not known. Letters of the alphabet can be marked withCYRILLIC COMBINING TITLO to indicate numeric use.
6. Punctuation. In the manuscript spaces are used to separate words; a middle dot, a separating colon,and a sort of apostrophe can be seen. No script-specific punctuation is used in Old Permic.
7. Ordering. Alphabetical ordering is a little bit erratic in the sources, especially toward the end of thealphabet. This proposal follows the order 1โ34 given in Lytkin 1952, where 1โ24 are primary letters and25โ34 are supplementary (see Figure 1 below). Four characters are considered to be subordinate in theorder to another character. Thus Lytkin gives U+10365 ๐ฅ SHOOI the value 22 and evidently U+10366 ๐ฆSHCHOOI is โ22aโ; similarly we have U+10367 ๐ฏ YRY โ23โ and U+10368 ๐จ YERU โ23aโ, U+10369 ๐ฉ O
โ24โ and U+1036A ๐ช OO โ24aโ, and U+10374 ๐ด YA โ34โ and U+10375 ๐ต IA โ34aโ. These โsubordinateโletters correspond to U+0449 ั SHCHA, U+044B ั YERU, U+0461 ัก OMEGA, and U+0467 ัง LITTLE YUS.They should not be considered subordinate in ordering, however. The ordering of Old Permic letters is asin the code chart, with each letter having a primary weight.
8. Unicode Character Properties10350;OLD PERMIC LETTER AN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10351;OLD PERMIC LETTER BUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10352;OLD PERMIC LETTER GAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10353;OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10354;OLD PERMIC LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10355;OLD PERMIC LETTER ZHOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10356;OLD PERMIC LETTER DZHOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10357;OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10358;OLD PERMIC LETTER DZITA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10359;OLD PERMIC LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035A;OLD PERMIC LETTER KOKE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035B;OLD PERMIC LETTER LEI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035C;OLD PERMIC LETTER MENOE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035D;OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035E;OLD PERMIC LETTER VOOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1035F;OLD PERMIC LETTER PEEI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10360;OLD PERMIC LETTER REI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10361;OLD PERMIC LETTER SII;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10362;OLD PERMIC LETTER TAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10363;OLD PERMIC LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10364;OLD PERMIC LETTER CHERY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10365;OLD PERMIC LETTER SHOOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10366;OLD PERMIC LETTER SHCHOOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10367;OLD PERMIC LETTER YRY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10368;OLD PERMIC LETTER YERU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10369;OLD PERMIC LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036A;OLD PERMIC LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036B;OLD PERMIC LETTER EF;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036C;OLD PERMIC LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036D;OLD PERMIC LETTER TSIU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036E;OLD PERMIC LETTER VER;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;1036F;OLD PERMIC LETTER YER;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10370;OLD PERMIC LETTER YERI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10371;OLD PERMIC LETTER YAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10372;OLD PERMIC LETTER IE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10373;OLD PERMIC LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10374;OLD PERMIC LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;10374;OLD PERMIC LETTER IA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
9. Bibliography(รpifanij Premudaryj) ะญะฟะธัะฐะฝะธะน ะัะตะผัะดััะน. 1862. โะะพะฒะตััั ะพ ะกัะตะฟะฐะฝะต, ัะฟะธัะบะพะฟะต ะะตัะผัะบะพะผโ, in
ะะฐะผััะฝะธะบะธ ััะฐัะธะฝะฝะพะน ััััะบะพะน ะปะธัะตัะฐัััั 4: 119-71. ะก. ะะตัะตัะฑััะณ.Haarmann, Harald. 1990. Universalgeschichte der Schrift. Frankfurt/Main; New York: Campus. ISBN 3-
593-34346-02
Hรคmรคlรคinen, A. 1909. โรpifanij Viisan tiedot Pyhรคstรค Tapanista ja syrjรครคneistรคโ, in Suomi 4,6,2: 1-27.(Tr. of ะญะฟะธัะฐะฝะธะน ะัะตะผัะดัั. 1862.)
(Kuznecova) ะัะทะฝะตัะพะฒะฐ, ะ. ะ. 1958. โะะฑะทะพั ะฟะฐะผััะฝะธะบะพะฒ ะบะพะผะธ ะฟะธััะผะตะฝะฝะพััะธ XVIII ะฒ.โ, inะััะพัะธะบะพ-ัะธะปะพะปะพะณะธัะตัะบะธะน ัะฑะพัะฝะธะบ 4: 213-41. ะกัะบััะฒะบะฐั.
Lepechin, I. I. 1790. โHistoire de lโAcadรฉmie Imperiale des Sciences annรฉe MDCCLXXXVIII [1787]โ,in Nova Acta Acadamiae Scientiarum Imperiales Petropolitanae 6: 1-34. Petropoli.
(Lytkin) ะััะบะธะฝ, ะ. ะ. 1952. ะัะตะฒะฝะตะฟะตัะผัะบะธะน ัะทัะบ: ััะตะฝะธะต ัะตะบััะพะฒ, ะณัะฐะผะผะฐัะธะบะฐ, ัะปะพะฒะฐัั.ะะพัะบะฒะฐ.
(Lytkin) ะััะบะธะฝ, ะ. ะ. 1957. ะััะพัะธัะตัะบะฐั ะณัะฐะผะผะฐัะธะบะฐ ะบะพะผะธ ัะทัะบะฐ. 1: ะะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะต. ะคะพะฝะตัะธะบะฐ.ะกัะบััะฒะบะฐั.
Lytkin, V. I. 1962. โรber die Geschichte der syrjรคnischen Literaturโ, in Ural-Altรคische Jahrbรผcher 34:214-22.
(Lytkin) ะััะบะธะฝ, ะ. ะก. 1889. ะัััะฝัะบะธะน ะัะฐะน ะฟัะธ ัะฟะธัะบะพะฟะฐั ะฟะตัะผัะบะธั ะธ ะทัััะฝัะบะธะน ัะทัะบ. ะกะฐะฝะบั -ะฟะตัะตั ะฑััะณ.
Pillu, Kaljo. 1990. Tallinna Kunstiรผlikooli kรผmme soome-ugri uurimisreisi. Tallinn: Olion. ISBN 5-450-00582-2
(Sidorov) ะกะธะดะพัะพะฒ, ะ. ะก. 1962. โะะพะฒัะต ะฟะฐะผััะฝะธะบะธ ะดัะตะฒะฝะตะบะพะผะธ ะฟะธััะผะตะฝะฝะพััะธโ. Ed. ะ. ะ. ะััะบะธะฝ. Inะะพะฟัะพัั 1962: 178-211.
Stipa, Gรผnter Johannes. 1961. โDer Ursprung der permischen Schriftโ, in Zeitschrift der DeutschenMorgenlรคndischen Gesellschaft 110: 342-64. Wiesbaden.
Stipa, Gรผnter Johannes. 1963. โDer Ursprung der permischen Schriftโ, in Congressus internationalisFenno-ugristarum Budapestini habitus 20-24. Pp. 281-87. Budapest.
Stipa, Gรผnter Johannes. 1990. Finnishc-ugrische Sprachforschung von der Renaissance bis zumNeupositivismus. (Mรฉmoires de la Sociรฉtรฉ Finno-ougrienne; 206) Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura.ISBN 951-9403-35-3
10. Acknowledgements. This project was made possible in part by a grant from the U.S. NationalEndowment for the Humanities, which funded the Universal Scripts Project (part of the Script EncodingInitiative at UC Berkeley) in respect of the Old Permic encoding. Any views, findings, conclusions orrecommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the NationalEndowment for the Humanities.
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Letters
10350 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER AN
10351 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER BUR
10352 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER GAI
10353 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI
10354 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER E
10355 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER ZHOI
10356 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER DZHOI
10357 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA
10358 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER DZITA
10359 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER I
1035A ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER KOKE
1035B ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER LEI
1035C ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER MENOE
1035D ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE
1035E ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER VOOI
1035F ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER PEEI
10360 ๐ OLD PERMIC LETTER REI
10361 ๐ก OLD PERMIC LETTER SII
10362 ๐ข OLD PERMIC LETTER TAI
10363 ๐ฃ OLD PERMIC LETTER U
10364 ๐ค OLD PERMIC LETTER CHERY
10365 ๐ฅ OLD PERMIC LETTER SHOOI
10366 ๐ฆ OLD PERMIC LETTER SHCHOOI
10367 ๐ง OLD PERMIC LETTER YRY
10368 ๐จ OLD PERMIC LETTER YERU
10369 ๐ฉ OLD PERMIC LETTER O
1036A ๐ช OLD PERMIC LETTER OO
1036B ๐ซ OLD PERMIC LETTER EF
1036C ๐ฌ OLD PERMIC LETTER HA
1036D ๐ญ OLD PERMIC LETTER TSIU
1036E ๐ฎ OLD PERMIC LETTER VER
1036F ๐ฏ OLD PERMIC LETTER YER
10370 ๐ฐ OLD PERMIC LETTER YERI
10371 ๐ฑ OLD PERMIC LETTER YAT
10372 ๐ฒ OLD PERMIC LETTER IE
10373 ๐ณ OLD PERMIC LETTER YU
10374 ๐ด OLD PERMIC LETTER YA
10375 ๐ต OLD PERMIC LETTER IA
Printed using UniBookโข
(http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
Date: 2012-01-244
1037FOld Permic10350
1035 1036 1037
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐
๐ก
๐ข
๐ฃ
๐ค
๐ฅ
๐ฆ
๐ง
๐จ
๐ฉ
๐ช
๐ซ
๐ฌ
๐ญ
๐ฎ
๐ฏ
๐ฐ
๐ฑ
๐ฒ
๐ณ
๐ด
๐ต
10350
10351
10352
10353
10354
10355
10356
10357
10358
10359
1035A
1035B
1035C
1035D
1035E
1035F
10360
10361
10362
10363
10364
10365
10366
10367
10368
10369
1036A
1036B
1036C
1036D
1036E
1036F
10370
10371
10372
10373
10374
10375
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
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10. Figures.
Figure 1a. The first part of a table from Lytkin 1952, showing glyph variants of Old Permic characters.Note columns 1 and 2 which give ordering of primary (1โ24) and secondary (25โ34) characters.
Figure 1b. The second part of a table from Lytkin 1952, showing glyph variants of Old Permiccharacters. Note that the first three columns from the Nomokanon 1510 are repeated from Part 1 of the
table.
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Figure 2. Old Permic inscription on the icon โTroitsyโ. The text is the beginning of a story aboutAbraham and Sarah (Genesis 18:1โ8), from Lytkin 1952.
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Figure 3. ะกะบะฒะพััะพะฒัะบะธะนโs transcription of the Old Permic inscription on the icon โTroitsyโ from Lytkin1952. Linebreaks here were to get a 40cm by 5cm text to fit on an A4 sheet.
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Figure 4. Lytkinโs Cyrillic transcription of the Old Permic inscription on the icon โTroitsyโ. On the left(โour reproductionโ) is the normalized Komi text; on the right (โour readingโ) is the literal transcription,
with additions and corrections in parentheses.
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๐ก๐ฆ[๐ฅโ ] ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐๐๐ฉ๐ก[๐ฅ โ ]๐๐ก ๐๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉร[๐๐ฉ]๐ก ๐ฃ[๐ช]๐๐จ๐ ๐ค๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฅ๐ฉ[๐ ๐ฉ] ๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ก ๐โ ๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ ร๐ ๐ร[๐ก] [๐ฅโ ]๐๐[๐]๐[๐ก๐ฉ๐] ๐ร ๐ ร[๐]๐๐๐ก ๐ร๐ก [๐ฅโ ]-๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐๐ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฉ๐ก ๐ก๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ฉ [๐]๐๐ข๐จ๐ ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฅ ๐ โ ๐๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก ๐จ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐ฃ ๐โ ๐ก ๐ค๐ช๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉร๐จร๐ก ๐[๐ฉ]๐ ๐จ๐ฅ ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ -๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ[๐] ๐ ร ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ฉ [๐๐]๐ ๐ ๐ฉ ๐ร๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฉ ๐-๐ฆ๐๐๐ [๐ก๐ฉร] ๐ข๐ฆ๐จ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐ร[๐ก] ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ ๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ข๐ ๐ ร๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ฅ๐[๐ก] ๐ฃ[๐] [๐๐จ๐ฅ๐]๐จ๐๐จ๐ก ๐[๐ช]๐๐ฉ๐ก ๐ข๐๐๐๐. ๐ร ๐ก๐๐โ [๐]๐ฉ๐[๐ค๐]๐๐-๐จ๐ [๐ข]๐ฃ๐๐ฃ ๐๐จ[๐๐จ]๐ [๐] ๐ฃ[๐]๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐๐๐ก ๐[๐]๐๐๐๐ก ๐[๐ฆ]๐ ๐ฅ๐ช๐๐๐-๐๐จ๐ ๐ก๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐[๐]๐จ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฉ [๐๐ช]๐๐ฃ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ฑ๐ช๐๐-๐[๐จ]๐ ๐[๐ก] ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฉ ๐ร ๐ฅ๐๐ร๐ก๐๐จ๐ก ๐ก๐๐ ๐ฃ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐[๐๐] [๐ฅ]๐[๐ร]๐ ๐ ๐-๐จ[๐ฅ]๐๐๐ก ๐โ ๐ฃ๐ ๐ โ ๐ ๐ก๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฉ [๐คโ ]๐ช๐๐๐ฉ ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ร๐ก ๐ข๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐-๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ ๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ [๐ก๐ฉ]๐ก๐ข๐ฉ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅโ ๐ร ๐ฃ๐๐๐ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ๐๐ฉ๐๐-๐ฉ๐ ๐โ ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐ ๐ร๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ร๐ ๐๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ก ๐ฉร๐ ๐๐ฉ [๐]๐ฃ๐ข๐๐ก๐ค๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉร๐ฅ๐ฉร๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ก ๐ร ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ก๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฃ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐ร ๐ ๐ฑ๐๐จ-๐ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ร ๐๐ฉ[๐ฅโ ]๐ข๐[๐ก] ๐ฃ[๐จ๐] ๐[๐] ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐[๐ช]๐๐ฉ๐ก[๐ก] ๐[๐๐ฅ๐ข]๐๐ก ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ข๐๐ก ๐๐จ ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐จ๐ ๐ร ๐ฅ๐ช๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ก[๐๐ค๐จ๐ก] ๐ฎ[๐๐]๐๐ก ๐๐จ ๐จ๐ช๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฃ ๐[๐จ]๐[๐จ๐].
Figure 5. My typeset version of Lytkinโs Cyrillic literal transcription of the Old Permic inscription on theicon โTroitsyโ. The linebreaks in the text above are the same as those of the text in Figure 3 (hyphenshave been added at line-final word breaks). Diacritical marks and brackets are given in red here. Note theuse of COMBINING DOT ABOVE, COMBINING DIAERESIS, COMBINING COMMA ABOVE, and CYRILLIC COMBINING
TITLO.
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18 ๐ก๐ฆ๐ฅ โ ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ฅ โ ๐ฉ๐ก ๐ ยจ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐,๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ฃ ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉร๐๐ฉร๐ก ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐จ๐ ๐คโ ๐ช๐๐๐ฉ ร๐ ๐ก๐จ๐๐ฉร๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ฅ๐ฉร๐ ๐ฉร.
2๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ก ๐ฅ โ ๐๐๐ ยจ๐๐ก๐ฉ ร๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ก ๐ฅ โ ๐๐๐๐ฉ ร๐: ๐ฎ๐ช๐๐๐ 3๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฉ ร๐ก ๐ก๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ฉ ร ๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ; ๐๐๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ ยจ๐๐ก ๐ฎ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐คโ ๐ช๐๐๐ฉ ร๐ ๐ฉ ร๐โ ๐จ๐ก ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ฅโ ๐ ๐ ยจ๐ฃ๐ ๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ฉร๐.
3๐ ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก: ห๐๐ฆ (๐๐ฆ๐๐ฉ ร๐ก๐ฉ ร) ๐ ยจ๐ฆ๐๐๐ฉ ร ๐๐๐ ๐-๐ฉ ร ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฉ ร ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฉ ร๐ข๐ฆ ๐ฎ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐๐ก ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐.
4ห๐๐ฆ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ ยจ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ก ๐ฎ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ก ๐๐ช๐๐ฉ ร๐ก ๐ข๐๐ ยจ๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ ยจ๐๐ฉ ร๐๐ค โ ๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฃ ๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ ยจ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ก๐๐๐ก ๐ โ ๐๐ โ ๐ ยจ๐๐ก, ๐๐ฆ๐๐ฅ โ ๐ช๐ ยจ๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐ก๐ฆ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ ๐ข๐ฃ๐ ยจ๐ฉ ร , ๐๐ช๐๐ฃ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ โ ๐๐ฑ๐ช๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ก ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฉร.ห ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ก: ห๐ก๐๐ ๐ฃ๐๐๐, ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ ๐ฅ๐๐๐.ห
6๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ ยจ๐๐ก ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฉ ร ๐ค โ ๐ช๐๐ ยจ๐ฉ ร ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก: ห๐ข๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฉ ร๐๐ฅ โ ๐,๐๐ฉ๐ยจ 3 ๐ข๐๐ฅโ ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ฉร๐ก๐ข๐ฉร๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅโ ๐ ๐ฃ๐๐๐ 3 ๐๐ฉร๐๐๐ฉ ร๐ ๐โ ๐๐ โ !ห
7๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ ยจ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฉ ร๐ก๐ ยจ๐ฉ ร๐ก ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฉ ร, ๐๐ฃ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ค โ ๐ฉ ร๐ ๐ฉ ร๐ฅ๐ฉ ร๐ก, ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ ร๐ก, ๐๐ฅ โ ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ก๐๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๐ฉร ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ ๐๐จ, ๐ ๐ ๐ฑ๐๐จ๐ ๐๐๐ฅ โ ๐ข๐๐ก.
8๐ ๐๐ฉ๐ฅ โ ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ฎ๐จ๐ ยจ, ๐๐, ๐ ยจ๐ฉ ร๐, ๐๐ฃ๐, ๐๐ช๐๐ฉ ร๐ก ๐๐๐ฅ โ ๐ข๐๐ก ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ข๐๐ก ๐๐จ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐จ๐; ๐ ๐ฅโ ๐ช๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ก; ๐๐คโ ๐จ๐ก ๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐จ ๐ฎ๐ช๐๐จ๐ ๐ข๐ฃ๐๐ฃ ๐๐จ๐๐จ๐.Figure 6. My typeset version of Lytkinโs Cyrillic normalized transcription of the Old Permic inscriptionon the icon โTroitsyโ. It is possible that this is the first time that a text in this script has ever been typesetwith fonts. Linebreaks, punctuation, and numbering follow normal biblical editorial practice. Diacriticalmarks and punctuation are given in red here. Note the use of COMBINING DOT ABOVE, COMBINING
DIAERESIS, COMBINING COMMA ABOVE, and CYRILLIC COMBINING TITLO.
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A. Administrative1. TitleFinal proposal for encoding the Caucasian Albanian script in the SMP of the UCS2. Requesterโs nameUC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Author: Michael Everson3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution)Liaison contribution.4. Submission date2012-01-245. Requesterโs reference (if applicable)6. Choose one of the following:6a. This is a complete proposalYes.6b. More information will be provided laterNo.
B. Technical โ General1. Choose one of the following:1a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters)Yes.1b. Proposed name of scriptOld Permic.1c. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing blockNo.1d. Name of the existing block2. Number of characters in proposal38.3. Proposed category (A-Contemporary; B.1-Specialized (small collection); B.2-Specialized (large collection); C-Major extinct; D-Attestedextinct; E-Minor extinct; F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic; G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols)Category E.4a. Is a repertoire including character names provided?Yes.4b. If YES, are the names in accordance with the โcharacter naming guidelinesโ in Annex L of P&P document?Yes.4c. Are the character shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review?Yes.5a. Who will provide the appropriate computerized font to the Project Editor of 10646 for publishing the standard?Michael Everson.5b. Identify the party granting a license for use of the font by the editors (include address, e-mail, ftp-site, etc.).Michael Everson.6a. Are references (to other character sets, dictionaries, descriptive texts etc.) provided?Yes.6b. Are published examples of use (such as samples from newspapers, magazines, or other sources) of proposed characters attached?Yes.7. Does the proposal address other aspects of character data processing (if applicable) such as input, presentation, sorting, searching,indexing, transliteration etc. (if yes please enclose information)?Yes.8. Submitters are invited to provide any additional information about Properties of the proposed Character(s) or Script that will assist incorrect understanding of and correct linguistic processing of the proposed character(s) or script. Examples of such properties are: Casinginformation, Numeric information, Currency information, Display behaviour information such as line breaks, widths etc., Combiningbehaviour, Spacing behaviour, Directional behaviour, Default Collation behaviour, relevance in Mark Up contexts, Compatibilityequivalence and other Unicode normalization related information. See the Unicode standard at http://www.unicode.org for such informationon other scripts. Also see Unicode Character Database http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ UnicodeCharacterDatabase.html andassociated Unicode Technical Reports for information needed for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee for inclusion in theUnicode Standard.See above.
C. Technical โ Justification1. Has this proposal for addition of character(s) been submitted before? If YES, explain.No.2a. Has contact been made to members of the user community (for example: National Body, user groups of the script or characters, otherexperts, etc.)?Yes. 2b. If YES, with whom?There has been contact with a major centre for Uralic studies, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, Helsinki. There has been nocontact in the Komi Republic. An earlier version of the proposal was circulated on ura-list@helsinki.fi. The principle authors ofsome of the materials used to prepare the proposal (chiefly Lytkin 1952 and Stipa 1961), are deceased.
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2c. If YES, available relevant documents3. Information on the user community for the proposed characters (for example: size, demographics, information technology use, orpublishing use) is included?Scholars and Komi language enthusiasts.4a. The context of use for the proposed characters (type of use; common or rare)Old Permic was used chiefly to write Komi texts, but a number of Russian texts are also found in Old Permic script.4b. Reference5a. Are the proposed characters in current use by the user community?Yes.5b. If YES, where?Marginal internet use (some fonts).6a. After giving due considerations to the principles in the P&P document must the proposed characters be entirely in the BMP?No.6b. If YES, is a rationale provided?6c. If YES, reference7. Should the proposed characters be kept together in a contiguous range (rather than being scattered)?Yes.8a. Can any of the proposed characters be considered a presentation form of an existing character or character sequence?No.8b. If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?8c. If YES, reference9a. Can any of the proposed characters be encoded using a composed character sequence of either existing characters or other proposedcharacters?No.9b. If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?9c. If YES, reference10a. Can any of the proposed character(s) be considered to be similar (in appearance or function) to an existing character?No; though this is a Greek-derived script like Coptic, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, and Gothic.10b. If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?Yes.10c. If YES, referenceยง2 above.11a. Does the proposal include use of combining characters and/or use of composite sequences?Yes.11b. If YES, is a rationale for such use provided?No.11c. If YES, reference11d. Is a list of composite sequences and their corresponding glyph images (graphic symbols) provided?No. 11e. If YES, reference12a. Does the proposal contain characters with any special properties such as control function or similar semantics?No.12b. If YES, describe in detail (include attachment if necessary)13a. Does the proposal contain any Ideographic compatibility character(s)?No.13b. If YES, is the equivalent corresponding unified ideographic character(s) identified?
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