Post on 01-Apr-2015
Islamic University of GazaCivil Engineering Department
Surveying IIECIV 2332
ByBelal Almassri
Chapter 9 Route Surveying – Part 3 - Linear Methods for setting out simple circular curve.- Method of offsets on the long chord.- Method of offsets on tangents.- Method of radial offsets.- Method of deflection angles.- Notes and Examples.
Setting out simple circular curve using linear methodsThese methods use the chain
surveying tools only. These methods are used for the
short curves which doesn’t require high degree of accuracy.
These methods are used for the clear situations on the road intersections.
Types of linear method:
There are three types of the linear methods to set out a simple circular curve.
1. By offsets from the long chord.2. By offsets from the tangents.3. By radial offsets.
By offsets from the long chord
Example
By offsets from the tangent
Example
Notes:In the first method, the value of x
= Lc/2 = 7.654 < 8m so we had used x = 7.654m and y at this point equals zero.
In the second method, the value of x = 8m < T(8.28), we had used x = 8m but we still know that the circular curve close at PT when T = 8.28m.
By radial offsets
Example
Notes:In the second and the third
methods the x value will not exceed the value of T BUT in the first method the value of x will not exceed the value of Lc/2.
The third method is used when the centre of the circular curve is accessible while the first two methods can be used when there is an obstacle.
Underground . . .
Laying out simple circular curves by using the deflection angles method:
Working method:1. Fix the theodolite device to be at
point PC and directed at point PI.2. Measure the deflection angles d and
the chords C. 3. Connect the ends of the chords to
draw the curve.Deflection Angles: the angles between
the tangent and the ends of the chords from point PC.
Calculations Steps:This method is a geometric based
method : 1. Calculate the values of T and L. T = R tan (Δ/2) L = R (Δ in radians)
2. Calculate the chainage of point PC and point PI.
Ch of PC = Ch of PI – T Ch of PT = Ch of PC + L
3. Calculate the partial chords C, C1,C2. Choose C ≤ R/20 (then round it) Chainage of the first station: Chainage of PC (rounded)
+ C C1 = Chainage of first station – Chainage of PC
(original) C2 = L – ( C1 + n C ); n = number of intermediate
chords
4. Calculate the deflection angles d, d1, d2.
d = (28.648 C)/R d1 = (28.648 C1)/R d2 = (28.648 C2)/R
5. Calculate the cumulative deflection angles.
Notes: The total d’s will equal Δ/2. The chainage of the all stations
on the curve should be even number divisible of 5 or 10.
When locating the last point before PT we measure the distance to the PT if it was equal C2 then it is correct or the difference is 5- 10 cm BUT if it is more than that we should repeat !
Example 9.2 Two tangents intersect at PI with
chainage of 2140.00 m and deflection angle of 10 35 ` 2`` ͦ
Da or D˳ = 4 , Using the deflection ͦangles method Arrange all the information needed.
Solution !