Transcript of Islam I.Islam as a religion II.Islam as an empire III.Spread of Islam as a universal religion IDs:...
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- Islam I.Islam as a religion II.Islam as an empire III.Spread of
Islam as a universal religion IDs: hadith, sharia, Sufis, Abbasid
Caliphate, 749-945
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- Argument Although the universal religions spread in similar
ways, they had different relationships with empires. Christianity
took over an empire (Rome); Buddhism spread in spite of an empire
(Tang China); and Islam created an empire.
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- I. Islam as a Religion A.Origin Allah Muhammad Prophet
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- B. Texts 1. Quran (Koran, Quran) Orally: 610-632 Written Down:
650
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- 2. Hadith Traditions (stories & sayings) Oral transmission:
632- 850 Written down: 850-900
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- C. Islam in Theory & Practice 1. Theology Five Pillars Hajj
Ramadan Mecca
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- 2. Law: Sharia a.Quran b.Hadith c.Reasoning by analogy
(jurists) d.Consensus of community Qadis Ulama
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- 3. Mysticism: Sufis Meditation Poetry Music dance
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- II. Islam as an Empire
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- A. Muslim Arab Conquests, 622-733 Conquered Persian Empire
& southern part of Byzantine Empire
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- Policies towards Conquered people Tolerance for People of the
Book (Jews & Christians)
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- B. Political Organization Caliph successor to the Prophet
Caliphate Muslim/Islamic empire
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- Two Caliphates Umayyad Caliphate (661-749) capital: Damascus
Arab Abbasid Caliphate (749- 945) capital: Baghdad Muslim
(Persian)
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- After 900, lots of Muslim states in Islamic world.
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- D. Multiethnic Empire Arab Persian Turk
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- E. Factors promoting Unity Even after the Muslim world was no
longer governed in one big caliphate, certain factors unified
Muslims despite their different ethnic groups and states Arabic
language hajj support for merchants
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- Muslim rulers supported cities, merchants, education and
technology The Muslim world was connected by a web of cities
Pilgrims, Sufis, and qadis (legal scholars) carried knowledge
throughout Muslim world
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- Support for Schools & Research preserved & combined
Greek, Persian & Indian knowledge then built on it
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- III. Spread of Islam 622-732: by conquest & empire
732-onwards: by trade and missionary journeys
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- III. Spread of Islam A.Sub-Saharan Africa Merchants Ghana Mali
Swahili Coast
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- A. Trade & Religion: Islam in Africa Gold-Salt Trade:
Empires of Ghana, Mali & Songhay
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- B. Islam in SE Asia
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- C. Islam in South Asia: Conquest & Trade 712: Sind (n.w.
India) by Arab-Persian Muslims 700-1000: Conversion of Turks from
Central Asia to Islam Turks conquer parts of North India
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