Is your house safe

9 March 2014 BARUAH DEVELOPERS &INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.

BARUAH DEVELOPERS & INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.

JORHAT

MAGNIDUS DESIGN PVT. LTD.NEW DELHI

presentunder their CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ISYOURHOUSESAFE

CONSTRUCTION AWARENESS WORKSHOP # 2VENUE: C K B COMMERCE COLLEGE, JORHAT

What are the potential dangers ?

Natural Disasters Man-made Disasters

Economic Disasters Family Disasters

What is an earthquake ?

What does an earthquake do to your house?

Super-structure

(building)

Ground Level

Sub-structure

(foundation)

Framed Structure normal Framed Structure during an earthquake

TraditionalFramed Structures

Brazil

England

France

ModernFramed Structures

Steel (London)

Bamboo (Kengu Kuma - Beijing)

Bamboo (PT Bambu - Bali)

Paper (Shigeru Ban - Hannover)

Components of a Framed Structure

Infill

Framing Materials

Bamboo

Infill Materials

Gypsum Board

Bamboo and Paper

Bamboo Mat

WD wall Wattle & Daub

WD Walls

Finish

(optional)

Wattle

Fabian Ostner - Auroville

Advantages of WD Walls

Earthquake Protection monolithic tensile structure

Less Steel Requirement reduced load due to light walls

Cost Effectiveness locally available materials

Climate Comfort low heat absorption

Larger Room Sizes

Aesthetic modular construction

Some Common Construction Mishaps

Bending of steel reinforcement

Column thickness and clear cover being compromised

Unnatural riser heights

Inappropriate joining of beam to existing column

Presented byArup Deka, IITG

Importance of Earthquake resistant design

& Soil testing

Introduction

What are these buildings?What problems are associated with these buildings?Are they safe during earthquake ?Why are we still constructing them ?Can we do something about these buildings ?Is there any provision in our code?

What are these buildings ?

Cheaper and easily available construction materialsNot considered important enough during analysis and designOpen RC buildings.

Common buildings lack basic resistance to earthquake forces.

Codes do not stop us for doing so neither any encouragement

Building bye laws

This resistance can be achieved by following simple, inexpensive principles of good building construction practice. Adherence to these simple rules will prevent all damage in moderate or large earthquakes saves lifeThese simple rules are basicallyPlanning and layout of the building involving consideration of thelocation of rooms and walls.Lay out and general design of the structural framing systemStructures should not be brittle or collapse suddenly.Resisting elements, such as bracing or shear walls, must be providedevenly throughout the buildingBearing capacity of the soil should be checked properly as firm, Soft &Weak soil

Shear walls

Easy to constructStraight forward reinforcement detailsEffective in reducing costMinimize earthquake damage- structural & non structural elements

Buildings can be constructed on firm and soft soils Dangerous to build them on weak soils. Hence appropriate soil investigations should be carried outWeak soils must be avoided or compacted to improve them so as to qualify as firm or soft.For the purpose of making a building truly earthquake resistant, it will be necessary to choose an appropriate foundation type for it. The depth of footing in the soil should go below the level of shrinkage cracks in clayey soils. For choosing the type of footing from the earthquake angle, the soils may be grouped as Firm Soft & weak soil unless compacted and brought to Soft or Firm condition.

FAILURES DUE TO SOIL STRATA

Table 1: Physical Properties

Liquefaction, ground failure

Footings on sandy soils show immediate settlements whereas clays show long term settlements

Geotechnical investigation is a must for every site as soil is weakest material in the system and the failure is sudden and often leads to collapse

Rise in water table can reduce the bearing capacity significantly

clays are very stiff when dry but can become very soft when submerged

rise in water table can reduce the bearing capacity significantly

clays exhibits swelling pressures

place the foundation on firm soil

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002

Zone V MM IX or moreMM VIII

Zone II MM VI

together now make Zone II MM VI or lessArea under the zones

V 12%IV 18%III ~27%

Table damageable ~ 57%

Bearing Capacity

calculation

dissolve or to weaken.Originally coined by Mogami and Kubo(1953)Commonly used to describe the sudden dramatic strength loss which sometimes occur in sand during seismic loading.It has been reported in many types of soil under dynamic loading

Assam EQ, June 12,1897(ML=8.7)

The danger of liquefaction at a site can be significantly reduced or eliminated by:DewateringIncreasing the in-situ densityMaking provisions to reduce the time required for relieving the excess pore water pressuresThese except dewatering ,may be best achieved by ground improvement techniques.

If the potentially liquefiable soil layer is located at the ground surface and is not thicker than 3.5m,the most economical solution may be removable and replacement with properly compacted nonliquefiablesoils.However, for liquefaction-prone soil layers located deeper than 3.5m from the ground surface, ground improvement techniques may be the solution

isolated footings poor (provide tie beams)

combined footings fair (provide tie beams)

raft foundations better

pile foundations best

Type of foundations and their seismic response

Building Codes For Engineered Construction

IS: 1893-2002 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,

Part I (Fifth Revision)" July 2002.

IS: 13920-1993 "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

subjected to Seismic forces - Code of Practice" November 1993.

IS: 4326-1993 "Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of

Buildings - Code of Practice (Second Revision)" October 1993.

Many Good Books

Large Nos. of Conference Proceedings

ConclusionCarry out the engineering, architecture and planning measures

- Land use zoning.- Planning of habitat,- Implementation of building codes in all new constructions, and- seismic retrofitting of existing buildings and infrastructure.

Create the supportive structure of- public awareness,- education and training- research and development about the safety from earthquake hazard.

Appropriate policy, financial and institutional support at national andstate levels needs to be provided for putting this strategy into a workableaction plan.

Is your house safe

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