Post on 22-Dec-2015
IPM CRSP INTERNATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTIC NETWORK: A GATEWAY TO IPM IMPLEMENTATIONSally A. Miller
Department of Plant Pathology
7th Int. IPM SymposiumMemphis, TN27 March 2012
International Plant Diagnostic Network (IPDN)
• Funded by USAID as part of IPM CRSP program, beginning 2005
• Plant disease and pest diagnostics
• Network of laboratories in Africa, Asia and Central America
• No regulatory or enforcement role; but communication with national plant health regulatory services is encouraged
Networking to Improve Diagnostic Efficiency
• Organized system of laboratories and personnel communicating with one another and working together
• Hierarchical structure
• Example: U.S. National Plant Diagnostic Network
Central Laboratory
Regional “hub” labs
“Spoke” or “node” labs
Communication with first responders: Farm agents, farmers, consultants, etc.
Disease Diagnostic Capacity in Africa: Baseline Survey 2006-2007
Component % adequate
East Africa West Africa
Standard laboratory workspace 65.2 76.2
Specialized workspace for molecular diagnostics/PCR 33.3 27.8
Standard laboratory equipment 43.5 47.6
Specialized equipment for molecular diagnostics/PCR 22.7 15.0
Specialized equipment for serological diagnostics 13.0 30.0
Laboratory supplies and consumables 40.9 42.9
Microscopes 45.8 57.1
Cameras 39.1 35.0
Computers 47.8 45.0
Internet access 50.0 42.9
Reference materials 22.7 21.1
Consistent electrical supply 69.6 60.0
Identified Capacity Development Needs – EA 2008• Additional in-depth training on high impact pest and
disease diagnosis• Equipment upgrades• Better access to biotech materials and supplies• Updated pest lists• Improved local diagnostics and surveillance capacity• Better means of reaching farmers – “Test, Don’t Guess”• Improved communication and cooperation among
pathologists and entomologists in AU• Access to library/reference materials• Diagnostics standardization across labs (SOPs)
IPDN Approach
• Introduce distance diagnostic and data management web portal
• Conduct training programs
• Harmonize diagnostic protocols (SOPs)
• Develop and test diagnostic assays
Training in Plant Diagnostics• Regional insect pest and
disease diagnosis training• Include local experts• Cooperate with IPM CRSP
Virus Global Theme and Regional programs
• Trainees mostly drawn from IPM CRSP RPs
• The Ohio State University• Advanced serological,
molecular and online diagnostics
Regional Hands-On Training Approaches• 20 workshops since 2006
• Horticultural crop focus• Initial stakeholder meetings (capacity assessment) + training• 466 professionals trained
• Evolution of training concepts• Broad general diagnostics
• Classical methods – symptoms, culturing, LFDs, squash blots (viruses), morphology
• DDIS-CIMS• Focused hands-on technology training with critical disease and
pest examples• Crop and technology focus• PCR, ELISA, DDIS-CIMS • SOP training
IPDN Professional Programs – Phase 1Country Year Type Women Men
Benin 2006 Stakeholder/Training 6 34
Guatemala 2006 Stakeholder/Training 9 21
Kenya 2007 Stakeholder/Training 16 42
USA (OH) 2007 Advanced Training – Diagnostics/SPS 14 11
Ghana 2008 1-day Networking 1 11
Uganda 2008 General Training 6 20
Guatemala 2008 General Training 7 26
Mali 2009 General Training 9 16
Kenya 2009 2-day SOP development 3 9
Guatemala 2009 General Training 7 13
Guatemala 2009 UF/FAS MAGA General Training 3 12
Guatemala 2009 APS OIP/Clemson – Nematode ID 4 14
Kyrgystan 2009 General Training 7 25
Total 92 (27%) 254
Benin, 2006
IPDN Professional Training– Phase II
Country Year Type Women Men
Indonesia 2010 General Training 9 11
Guatemala 2010 Focused Training - Ralstonia, Clavibacter, zebra chip, cyst nematode
10 20
Guatemala 2011 Focused Training - UF/FAS/IPDN Molecular diagnostics - Clavibacter
1 4
India 2011 Focused Training - Diagnostics and variability of plant viruses
8 7
Ghana 2011 Focused Training – Tomato diseases and pests
3 18
USA (OH) 2011 Clavibacter diagnostics - CA 1 -
Kenya 2012 SOP Development 6 8
Bangladesh 2012 Focused Training – TLCV, whitefly, Ralstonia, Papaya mealybug ID
8 6
Total 46 (38%) 74
Ghana 2011: Tomato Disease and Insect Pest Diagnostics
• Overviews -major diseases and pests
• Bacterial diseases• Culture, HR, serology
• Virus diseases• Sap transmission, serology, PCR
• Insect pests and vectors identification
• Fungal disease identification• Culturing, microscopy, serology
• Root knot nematode identification
• DDIS-CIMS training
• Diagnostics and IPM implementation
Diagnostics Workshop - Bangladesh
• Fundamentals• PCR• Serology• Bacterial pathogen ID• Insect-transmitted virus ID• Whitefly molecular markers• Biocontrol agent ID• DDIS
• Case Studies – Hands-on• Papaya mealybug• Ralstonia solanacearum• TLCV
Standard Operating Procedures• Background• Symptoms• Signs• Media recipes• Serological tests• Biochemical tests• DNA extraction• PCR protocols
• Widely tested and validated
Standard Operating Procedures under IPDN Development – East AfricaCrop Problem & pest Status
Passion fruit Woodiness - Passion fruit woodiness virusDieback complex/collar rot - Fusarium, PhytophthoraBrown spot - Alternaria passilforae
In ReviewEarly DraftEarly Draft
Tomato Bacterial wilt - Ralstonia solanacearumRoot knot - Meloidogyne spp.Viruses – TYLCV, TMV, TSWV, CMV
In ReviewIn ReviewEarly Draft
Banana Bunchy top – Banana bunchy top virusPanama disease – Fusarium oxysporum
Final DraftFinal Draft
Onion Purple blotch - Alternaria porriThrips - Thrips tabaciNeck rot - BotrytisDowny mildew - Peronospora destructor
In ReviewFinal DraftEarly DraftEarly Draft
Wide range Fruit Fly - Bactrocera invadens - Ceratitis capitata
In ReviewIn Review
Chili pepper CMV and other viruses Final Draft
Long-Term Training Program Type Country Subject
Makerere Univ./OSU
Sandwich M.Sc. Uganda Virology, diagnostics
Univ. Dakar/UC-Davis
Sandwich M.Sc. Senegal Bacteriology, diagnostics
Jomo Kenyatta/OSU
Sandwich Ph.D. Kenya Virology, diagnostics
BSMRAU/OSU Sandwich Ph.D. Bangladesh Nematology, diagnostics
OSU M.Sc. Nepal Diagnostics, biocontrol
OSU Ph.D. Nepal Diagnostics, biocontrol
Thank you!• Ohio State University
• Mark Erbaugh• Melanie Lewis Ivey• Fulya Baysal-Gurel• Nagendra Subedi
• Virginia Tech• Sue Tolin • Muni Muniappan• Doug Pfeiffer, Don Mullins• George Norton, Jeff Alwang
• Univ. Florida• Carrie Lapaire Harmon• Tim Momol, P. Vergot• Jiannong Xin
• UC-Davis - Bob Gilbertson
• Penn State - Ed Rajotte
• Makerere University – Uganda• Sam Kyamanywa, Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
• Kenya Agricultural Res Inst • Zachary Kinyua, Monicah Waiganjo
• Sokoine Univ of Agriculture - TZ• Amon Maerere, Delphina Mamiro
• IITA• Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Fen Beed
• University of Ghana-Legon• Eric Cornelius, Rodney Owusu-Darko
• Agroexpertos – Guatemala• Marco Arevalo
• Univ. del Valle• Margarita Palmieri
• Tamil Nadu Agricultural University• Mohan Kumar, Karthi Keyan
• Bangladesh Agricultural Res Inst• Yousuf Mian, M. Rahman, S. Nahar