Post on 09-Jul-2020
IP addressing policies: what does this mean? Adam Gosling
Senior Policy Specialist, APNIC
APT PRF for the Pacific: August 2013
Overview
• APNIC in the Internet ecosystem
• Policy development
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Public policy responses
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3
Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
• APNIC established 1993 (20 years anniversary)
• Not-for-profit membership organization
• Primary function the management of Internet Numbers – Internet Protocol version 4 address numbers (IPv4) – Internet Protocol version 6 address numbers (IPv6) – Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)
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APNIC’s Vision
A global, open, stable, and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community.
• How we achieve this: – Serving Members – Supporting the Asia Pacific Region – Collaborating with the Internet community
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APNIC’s Mission
• Function as the Regional Internet Registry for the Asia Pacific, in the service of the community of Members and others
• Provide Internet registry services to the highest possible standards of trust, neutrality, and accuracy
• Provide information, training, and supporting services to assist the community in building and managing the Internet
• Support critical Internet infrastructure to assist in creating and maintaining a robust Internet environment
• Provide leadership and advocacy in support of its vision and the community
• Facilitate regional Internet development as needed throughout the APNIC community
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All the RIRs
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APNIC and the NRO
• Coordinating body for the five RIRs
• NRO exists to: – Protect the unallocated Number
Resource pool – Promote and protect the bottom-up
policy development process – Act as a focal point for Internet
community input into the RIR system
• Joint activities – Resource certification – Global statistics and report publication – Internet governance – Global policy development
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Five RIRs • AFRINIC
• APNIC
• ARIN
• LACNIC
• RIPE NCC
APNIC sub-regions
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The APNIC service region includes 56 economies across the Asia Pacific
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Policy development
is a cycle
Policy development
• APNIC Policy Development Process – www.apnic.net/policy/policy-development
• SIG Guidelines – www.apnic.net/sigs/sig-guidelines.pdf
• Mailing list archive – mailman.apnic.net/mailing-lists/sig-policy
• Mailing list subscription – mailman.apnic.net/mailman/listinfo/sig-policy
• Mail to list – sig-policy@apnic.net
Policy SIG Charter: Develop policies and procedures which relate to the management and use of Internet address resources by APNIC, NIRs and ISPs within the Asia Pacific region
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Multistakeholder policy development
• Open – Anyone can propose, discuss, and help decide policy
• Transparent – APNIC publicly documents all policy discussions and decisions
• Bottom up – Policy Development Process (PDP) and the policies are determined
by the community they serve
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Resource management goals
• Conservation – Efficient use of resources – Based on demonstrated need
• Aggregation – Limit routing table growth – Support provider-based routing
• Registration – Ensure uniqueness – Facilitate trouble shooting
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The current state of IPv4
address pools
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IPv4 address space What is the status of each of the 256 /8s?
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IPv4 address space issued (RIRs to customers) In terms of /8s, how much total space has each RIR issued? (Jan 1999 – Jun 2013)
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Available IPv4 /8s in each RIR
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In preparation for exhaustion… • Soft landing
• Liquidity and supply
• Transition support
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What measures did the APNIC policy community take to prepare for IPv4 exhaustion and the deployment of IPv6?
Soft landing austerity measures
• Restrictions on access to the free pool
• Enabled assignments from the final /8
• Reduced the minimum delegation size for the final /8 policy
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Available IPv4 /8s in each RIR
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IPv4 last /8 delegation trend
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0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 9000000
10000000 11000000 12000000 13000000 14000000 15000000 16000000 17000000
No
of IP
v4 a
ddre
sses
Date
Membership growth
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
XL
VL
LG
MD
SM
VS
AS
Num
ber o
f Mem
bers
Year As at 30 April 2013
APNIC address transfer services
• Pre-approval service, with opt-in anonymous listing
• Broker listing service
• Mailing list for discussion and sourcing
• Public transfer log (transparency)
• Transfer fees apply (user pays)
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IPv4 Market Transfer Size
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000 N
ov-1
0
Dec
-10
Jan-
11
Feb-
11
Mar
-11
Apr
-11
May
-11
Jun-
11
Jul-1
1
Aug
-11
Sep
-11
Oct
-11
Nov
-11
Dec
-11
Jan-
12
Feb-
12
Mar
-12
Apr
-12
May
-12
Jun-
12
Jul-1
2
Aug
-12
Sep
-12
Oct
-12
Nov
-12
Dec
-12
Jan-
13
Feb-
13
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Num
ber o
f add
ress
es
As at 30 April 2013 Month
IPv4 Market Transfers
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mar
-11
Apr
-11
May
-11
Jun-
11
Jul-1
1
Aug
-11
Sep
-11
Oct
-11
Nov
-11
Dec
-11
Jan-
12
Feb-
12
Mar
-12
Apr
-12
May
-12
Jun-
12
Jul-1
2
Aug
-12
Sep
-12
Oct
-12
Nov
-12
Dec
-12
Jan-
13
Feb-
13
Mar
-13
Inter-RIR transfers
Market transfers
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As at 30 April 2013
Num
ber o
f tra
nsfe
rs
Month
Transition support
• Policy responses – IPv6 Kickstart – Remove aggregation criteria – Remove multihoming requirement – Alternative criteria for allocations
• Training
• Outreach
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Policy changes encourage IPv6 delegations, while training and outreach build awareness and capacity
IPv6 delegations by year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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Num
ber o
f del
egat
ions
Year As at 30 April 2013
Cumulative IPv6 delegations (/32s)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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Num
ber o
f /32
s
Year As at 30 April 2013
Percentage of Members with both IPv4 and IPv6 in each RIR
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IPv6 address space How much has been allocated to the RIRs?
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IPv6 end-user capability
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APNIC Labs: IPv6 measurement
• Comprehensive reports on IPv6 uptake – Global, economy, and network levels
• IPv6 Capability Tracker – Free tool for website operators to measure client IPv6 capabilities
• Measuring IPv6 – IPv6 readiness data for intergovernmental organizations and
economies
• http://labs.apnic.net
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Barriers to IPv6 transition
• Soft landing reduces immediate need
• More urgent operational issues
• Lack of: – Financial benefit compared to cost – Demand – First mover advantage
• To be effective it needs to be deployed everywhere – Regional and local transit providers – Access providers – Content providers
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IPv6 needs to be deployed by
• Service providers
• Mobile network operators
• Content providers
• Data centers, hosting, and cloud providers
• Enterprise networks
• Hardware / software providers
• Government
• End users
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APNIC IPv6 outreach and training
• APNIC Conference program
• APNIC supports NOG activities
• Work with NIRs to reach their community
• Inter-governmental outreach
• www.apnic.net/ipv6
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APNIC training activities
• Continuing focus on IPv6 deployment – 30 courses per year – 500 participants per year
• eLearning – Every Wednesday in three time zones – 24 modules (1-hour duration per module)
• Face-to-Face – Extensive hand-on exercises – Physical and Virtual Training Labs
• training.apnic.net
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The Role of Governments?
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• Implementation: – Government services should support IPv6
• Procurement: – Contract should require IPv6 compliance
• Standards: – Requirements should reference specific standards (RFCs)
• Certification: – Certification recognizing specific products as “IPv6 ready”
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Potential public policy responses
Potential public policy responses
• Incentives: – Consider tax relief
• Capacity building: – IPv6 training and related services
• Leadership: – Promote IPv6 activities
• Monitoring: – Monitor progress towards IPv6 goals
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Meetings
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APNIC Conferences
• APNIC 36: Xi-an, China – 20 to 30 August 2013 – conference.apnic.net/36/home
• APNIC 37: Bangkok, Thailand – 18 to 28 February 2014 – In conjunction with APRICOT 2014 – www.apricot2014.net
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8th annual Internet Governance Forum 22-25 October 2013 - Bali, Indonesia
• APNIC strong supporter – Only global, multistakeholder venue for Internet Governance – NRO doubled its financial contribution in 2013 – Paul Wilson on the IGF’s Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG)
• Organizers – Government-led multistakeholder group – Strongly supported by industry (APJII)
• Theme – Building Bridges - Enhancing Multistakeholder Cooperation for Growth
and Sustainable Development – Six sub-themes
• Local IGFs, Australia, India, NetHui • APrIGF 4-6 September 2013 – Seoul RoK
– www.aprigf.asia
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Questions? Adam Gosling
adam@apnic.net