Post on 14-Jan-2016
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Nature’s Nature’s FormulaFormula
NWB Laboratories presents
Inulation© - Inulin
as
What is InulationWhat is Inulation
O HOCH2
HO
CH2
HO
CH2OH
n (2-60)
CH2OH
HO
O
O HOCH2
HO
HO
O
OH
HO
O®
Inulin is a polydisperse GFInulin is a polydisperse GFnn
moleculemolecule Linear chain of fructose units Linear chain of fructose units -- having mainly one terminal having mainly one terminal glucose molecule glucose molecule
Fructose units linked by Fructose units linked by ß (2-1) bondsß (2-1) bonds
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
NWB Laboratories PRESENTS
Natural OccurrenceNatural Occurrence Inulation® - Inulin is found widely in over 36,000 plants,
including common vegetables, as its reserve energy food e.g.:
Source Inulin contentChicory 15 - 20 %Wheat 1 - 4 %Garlic 9 - 16 %Onion 1 - 8 %Banana 0.3 - 0.7%Asparagus 2 - 3 %Leek 3 - 10 %J. artichoke 16 - 20 %
• common in human food, and as an ingredientingredient GRASGRAS
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Primary US inulin intake Primary US inulin intake by food source by food source
69%69%
23%23%2%2%
3%3%3%3%
Source: CSFII 1994-96, 2 days, all individuals, midpoint values.
WheatWheat
OnionOnion
BananaBanana
GarlicGarlic
OtherOther
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health concern/disease
Preventative Food Type
ColonColonCancerCancer
Bran/Bran/grainsgrains19%19%
FiberFiber22%22%
FruitFruit6%6%
VegetablesVegetables21%21%
Source: International Food Information Council (IFIC) 1998
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health concern/disease
Preventative Food Type
HeartHeartDiseaseDisease
Fish/Fish/fish oilfish oil
11%11%
Fiber/Fiber/grainsgrains10%10%
FruitFruit12%12%
VegetablesVegetables17%17%
Low fat/Low fat/CholesterolCholesterol
FoodFood7%7%
Source: International Food Information Council (IFIC) 1998
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
HarmfulHarmful BeneficialBeneficialPs. aeruginosa
vibrionaceae
staphylococci
clostridia
veillonellae
enterobacteria
E . coli
lactobacilli
sulphate reducers
anaerobic G+ cocci
methanogens
eubacteria
bifidobacteria
bacteroides
diarrhea/constipationinfectionssystemic effects
prodn. of potentialcarcinogens
prodn. of toxic H2S
intestinal putrefaction
aid in digestion and/or absorption of food ingredients/minerals synthesis of vitamins
Inhibit growthof exogenus and/or harmful bacteria (competitive exclusion, antimicrobials, low pH)
stimulate immunefunctions through non-pathogenic means, anti-tumor properties, cholesterol reduction
22
66
88
pathogenicpathogenic(incl. productionof toxins)
1111
number/g feces lognumber/g feces log1010 scale scale
lower gas distension
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Disease conditions associated Disease conditions associated with unbalanced eco-systemwith unbalanced eco-system
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Grave’s Disease, and lupus
Candida yeast overgrowth Urinary tract infections IBS, IBD, Crohn’s Ulcers Food allergies and
intolerances
Diarrheal disorders (rotavirus, antibiotic effects, E. coli)
Cirrhosis of the liver Colo-rectal cancer Digestive problems Intestinal gas and bloating CVD (Heart Disease)
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
METABOLIC FATEMETABOLIC FATE
no hydrolysisnegligible bacterial utilization
negligible acid hydrolysisno enzymatic hydrolysisno absorption
no enzymatic hydrolysisno absorptionnegligible fermentation
complete anaerobic fermentationno absorption of inulin or itsmonomeric building blocks
No excretion
Oral cavity
Stomach
Small intestine Colon
Stools
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Bifidogenic effectsBifidogenic effectsHuman Human in vivoin vivo study (15 g/d) study (15 g/d)
Source: Gibson et al. Gastroenterology, 1995
BacteroidesBacteroides
BifidobacteriaBifidobacteria
FusobacteriaFusobacteria
ClostridiaClostridia
65%65%
20%20%
12%12%
3%3%
71%71%
26%26% 3%3%
0.3%0.3%
Before intakeBefore intake After inulin intakeAfter inulin intake
ClostridiaClostridia
Fuso.Fuso.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health promoting functions of Health promoting functions of Lactic acid bacteriaLactic acid bacteria
Bifidobacteria & Lactobacilli spp. and SCFA mediated effectsBifidobacteria & Lactobacilli spp. and SCFA mediated effects
General bacteria effectsGeneral bacteria effects
produce B-vitamins, vitamin K, digestive enzymes
produce immune-stimulating factors
absorb procarcinogens
inhibit growth of pathogens
reduce food intolerance & allergies, I.e. lactose, protein
breakdown
SCFA effectsSCFA effects
colonic pH via acetate & lactate production
acid environment inhibits activity of certain
procarcinogenic enzymes
convert NH3 to NH4, lowering it as a liver
toxin
improve absorption of calcium, iron, etc.
provide positive effects on carbohydrate and
lipid metabolism
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological Effects (1)Physiological Effects (1)
Local (colonic) bacteria & SCFA effects pH of colon contents / stools Stool weight Colon mucosal weight Stool frequency Intestinal mean transit time Constipation
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological effects (2)Physiological effects (2) Systemic effectsSystemic effects
Glycemic plasma response Serum cholesterol/triglycerides (propionate influence, bacterial assimilation)
HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio
Immune response (GALT, ACP)
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological effects (3)Physiological effects (3)
Reduced incidence of colon cancer
Decrease in potential carcinogens
Decrease of secondary bile acids
Butyrate prevents carcinogenesis in colon cells
Reduced fecal transit time
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin improves mineral Inulin improves mineral bioavailabilitybioavailability
Several animal (rodents) and human studies have demonstrated significant improvement of mineral balance, particularly (Ca++, Mg++) and bone density with inulin.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Mineral absorptionMineral absorptionHuman study (Healthy young men)
Ca Mg Fe Zn0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% a
bs
orp
tio
n
Ca Mg Fe Zn
Control dietInulin diet
Source: Coudray et al. 1997, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 51:375-80.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
INULIN IN CALCIUM INULIN IN CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATIONSUPPLEMENTATION
Improves calcium absorption and balance
Reduces bone loss
Improves bone density
Improved recycling estrogen reduces bone
loss in women
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Lipid EffectsLipid Effects Double blind, cross-over, randomized Double blind, cross-over, randomized
human clinical studyhuman clinical study
Serumtriglycerides
Totalcholesterol
LDL-cholesterol
HDL-cholesterol
050
100150200
250300
mg/
dL
Serumtriglycerides
Totalcholesterol
LDL-cholesterol
HDL-cholesterol
Control dietInulin diet
Source: Causey JL, Xin-Chu Y, Tungland BC, Feirtag JM & Slavin JL, Nutr. Res. 1999, in press.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
INULIN IN LIPID CONTROLINULIN IN LIPID CONTROL
Reduces serum and LDL-cholesterol
Reduces serum triglycerides
Promotes reduction in cholesterol synthesis
Increases HDL/LDL ratio
Inhibits biosynthesis of fatty acids
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and cancer preventionInulin and cancer preventionHIGH FIBER DIET WITH INULIN
Putrefactive bacteria (E. coli, clostridia)
Procarcinogens Carcinogens
Glycosides
Nitro groups
Bile acids
aglycones
aromatic amines, hormonal subt.
secondary bile acids
ß-glucuronidase
nitroreductase, NO3 reductase
glycocholic acid hydroxylase
reductase enzymes
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and colon cancerInulin and colon cancer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Control Inulin B.longum
Inulin+B.longum
AC
F/c
olo
n
5% inulin diet
Total ACF
Source: Rowland et al. 1998, Carcinogenesis, v19(2):281-85
12 week rat study
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and reductase enzymesInulin and reductase enzymes
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
100
Control Inulin B.longum
Inulin+B.longum
acti
vity
h/g
Source: Rowland et al. 1998, Carcinogenesis, v19(2):281-85
5% inulin w/w diet
ß-glucuronidase activity
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
AS AS
IMMUNOSTIMULANTIMMUNOSTIMULANT
REDUCTION IN TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC
BACTERIAL METABOLITES
HELPS REDUCE ECZEMA
HELPS CONTROL ALLERGIES & ASTHMA
DOWN REGULATES AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS
ACTIVATES THE ACP STIMULATION (IMPROVED
MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY)
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Candida albicans suppressionCandida albicans suppression
Opportunistic pathogenOpportunistic pathogen
• systemic infections common with immunologically systemic infections common with immunologically
compromised or with long term compromised or with long term
antibioticsantibiotics
Invasion from GI tract important mechanism of Invasion from GI tract important mechanism of
entryentry
Competitively suppressed by SCFA and anti- Competitively suppressed by SCFA and anti-
microbial-producing bifidobacteria & microbial-producing bifidobacteria &
lactobacillilactobacilliKennedy, 1995. Infection and Immunity, 654-63.Kennedy, 1995. Infection and Immunity, 654-63.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
SCFA and Ulcerative ColitisSCFA and Ulcerative Colitis
SCFA: acetate, propionate, n-butryate irrigations
reduce inflammation in distal UC
Intestinal cells prefer butyrate as an energy
source over glucose or glutamine
Colonic epithelial starvation may lead to atrophy
and colitis
Low SCFA levels are associated with active UC
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin/AAD MechanismInulin/AAD Mechanism
Inulin specifically supports growth of healthy bacteria*
Bifidobacteria sp.Bifidobacteria sp.Lactobacilli sp.Lactobacilli sp.
produce antimicrobial cmpds. acetic, lactic & benzoic acids, H2O2, & bacteriocins-type cmpds.
Inhibits growth of Inhibits growth of Clostridium difficile**Clostridium difficile**
* Roberfroid et al. 1998. J. Nutr. 128:11-19. ** Rolfe, 1981. J. Inf. Dis., 143-3.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and AADInulin and AAD
000.0E+0
500.0E+6
1.0E+9
1.5E+9
2.0E+9
2.5E+9
3.0E+9
3.5E+9
Control Inulin
CF
U
BifidobacteriaLactobacilli
000.0E+0
500.0E+6
1.0E+9
1.5E+9
2.0E+9
2.5E+9
3.0E+9
3.5E+9
Control Inulin
CF
U
Clostridium
Human study (20 g/d inulin)
Source: Causey JL, Xin-Chu Y, Tungland BC, Feirtag JM & Slavin JL, 1998
3-week double blind, crossover study
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories