Introduction to the Periodic Table

I am Dmitri Mendeleev!

I made the PERIODIC TABLE !

Periodic Table -HistoryDmitri Mendeleev (1871)

1st modern periodic table arranged elements by atomic mass number

predicted the presence missing elements

elements of similar properties were stacked on top of each other

Periodic Table -History

Henry Moseley (1911) Discovered atomic number arrange by atomic numberCorrected error with properties of the elements Tellurium atomic number 52 and Iodine atomic number 53.

Periodic TablePeriodic - things that have a regular repeating pattern

Periodic Table of Elements - an arrangement of elements in order of their atomic number so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column

Periodic Table

Zig - Zag Line - Thick bold line that separates metals from nonmetals.

What is the PERIODIC TABLE?

oShows all known elements in the universe.

oOrganizes the elements by chemical properties.

But what is an element?

An element is matter that is made entirely from one type of atom.

But what is matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Main Components of the AtomProton p+

Electron e-

Neutron n0

(Nucleus- p+ and n0)

Atomic Terminology

Atomic Number - # of protons in the atomAtomic Weight – equals the # of protons and the # of neutronsIsotopes – atoms with the same # of protons, but a different # of neutrons

Electron Shells –layers or orbits surrounding the nucleus where electrons exist

1st shell has two electrons, 2nd and 3rd shell has eight, larger numbers of electrons fill the outer shells

Atoms/elements are more stable if their outer shell is full.

How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?

What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?oThe number of

protons found in the nucleus of an atom

OroThe number of

electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

What is the SYMBOL?

oAn abbreviation of the element name.

What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?

oThe average number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

How do I find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element using the periodic table?

o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC WEIGHT NUMBER

Now you are almost as smart as I am!

But not as handsome!Man, I look GOOD!

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

What is an ELEMENT?

oA substance composed of a single kind of atom.

oCannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.

What is a COMPOUND?

oA substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.

What is a MIXTURE?

oTwo or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded.

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

How are elements arranged on the Periodic Table?

1st, by atomic number, small at the top, large at the bottom

2nd, by the number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom, arranged in vertically columns called groups

3rd, by the number of electron shells in the atom, arranged in horizontal rows called periods

Elements are arranged:

Vertically into Groups

Horizontally Into Periods

The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in their outer shells

Be (Beryllium)

Atom

Mg (Magnesium) Atom

The period 4 atoms each have 4 electron containing shells

K (Potassium)

AtomFe (Iron) Atom

Kr (Krypton)

Atom

4th Shell

Alkali Metals

Soft, silvery colored metals

Very reactive!!!

Alkali Metals reacting with water:

Li (Lithium)Na (Sodium)K (Potassium)Rb (Rubidium)Cs (Cesium)

What would you expect from Francium?!?!

Alkaline Earth Metals

Silvery-White Metals

Fairly reactive

Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust

Transition Metals

Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets)

Most are good Conductors of electricity

How many things can you think of that have Transition Metals in them?

How many things can you think of that have Transition Metals in them?

Metalloids lie on left side of these “zig-zag line”

They share properties with both metals and non-metals

Si (Silicon) and Ge (Germanium) are very important “semi-conductors”

What are semiconductors used in?

Nonmetals

Brittle

Do not conduct electricity

Most are Poisonous

Fairly reactive

Halogens

Chlorine Gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I.

It was used by the Nazis in World War II.

Unreactive

Gases at room temperature

Noble Gases

Jellyfish lamps made with noble gases artist- Eric Ehlenberger

Colors Noble Gases produce in lamp tubes:Ne (Neon): orange-red

Hg (Mercury): light blue

Ar (Argon): pale lavender

He (Helium): pale peach

Kr (Krypton): pale silver

Xe (Xenon): pale, deep blue

Lanthanide SeriesActinide Series

The lanthanide series is a group of transition elements that have chemical properties similar to lanthanum. Lanthanide metals are also referred to as rare-earth metals. All the members of this series are silvery-white with a metallic lustre, and like all other metals, are malleable and ductile. These elements all have unfilled inner 4f electron orbitals.

The actinide series consists of 14 radioactive elements, most of which have been synthetically produced by chemists in the laboratory. The elements in this series all have chemical properties similar to actinium. The actinides have unfilled inner 5f electron orbitals.