Post on 26-Feb-2020
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Fathur AB
Anin A
Afif A
Hari A
Gary A
Dhika AB
April AB
Mulya AB
Rizka B
Dion AB
Siska AB
Mirel AB
Hani AB
Airita AB
Yusuf AB
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Public Switch Telephone Network The Access
Course Number : TTH2A3
CLO : 1
Week : 2
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How do we connect telephone?
One to One
One to Two
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How do we connect telephone?
Two to Two
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How do we connect telephone?
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How many copper cable needed for each line?
Basically, only 2:
• TD (Transmit Data)
• RD (Receive Data)
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PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)
• PSTN consists of groups of local networks, connected by long distance network
• Main element of local network is customer premises equipment (CPE), copper cable that connect customer (subscriber) to local switch through main distribution frame (MDF).
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What are main characteristics of PSTN?
• Analog, able to transfer 300-3400 Hz or 64 kbps
• circuit-switched = with handshaking + dedicated path
• Fixed station, limited mobility
• Foundation of all telecommunication standard easy integration with ISDN, PLMN, PDN
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Three main networks in PSTN
1. Backbone network core network, connects all local exchange (switching unit within local network)
2. Access Network – connect subscriber to local exchange
– Four types of access network: • Access Network with Copper
• Access Network with Radio
• Access Network with Fiber Optic
• Access Network with Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)
3. Interconnection Network special backbone network, connect other licensed operator
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Three main networks in PSTN
Local Network Local Network
Core Network
1. Backbone / Core network
2. Access Network / Local Loop
3. Interconnection Network
Access Network
Other Licensed Operator
Interconnection Network
Backbone Network
Local Exchange
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Topology
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Core Network
Core Network
Other Licensed Operator
Interconnection Network
Backbone Network
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Local Exchange
Basic functionalities:
• Connects two subscribers through switching mechanism
• Provides signaling for synchronization
• Provides subscriber ID (numbering)
Local Network
Local Exchange
Street Cabinet
Direct Feeder
Primary Cable
Secondary Cable
Distribution Point
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Direct Feeder
When to Use? • In area where subscribers are located nearby the Local Exchange
• In area with small number of subscriber
• Connecting VIP
Benefit: • Lower cost (no street cabinet)
• Easier cable management
Loss: • Not Flexible (for rerouting)
• Tougher to locate fault
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Street Cabinet
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Distribution Point
10 pairs DP 20 pairs DP
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Fiber Optic for Transmission
• As a replacement for primary cable
• As a replacement to reach subscriber FTTx:
FTTP (Premises): Home, Building, Desktop, Office, Zone
FTTdp (Distribution Point)
FTTN (Node)
FTTC (Cabinet) Street
Cabinet
Primary Cable
Secondary Cable
Distribution Point
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Radio for Transmission
RADIO TOWER
(ANTENNA)
LOCAL EXCHANGE
BASE STATION Telephone
SUBCRIBER
RADIO TERMINAL
RADIO TOWER
(ANTENNA)
LOCAL EXCHANGE
BASE STATION
RADIO TOWER
(ANTENNA)
BASE STATION
Telephone
Telephone
Single Channel
Multi Channel
RADIO TOWER
(ANTENNA)
LOCAL EXCHANGE
BASE STATION
Telephone
SUBCRIBER
RADIO TERMINAL
TelephoneREPEATER
Telephone
Telephone
Telephone
Multi Access
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Comparison between Copper – Fiber – Radio
Copper Fiber Optic Radio
Speed Fastest Slowest
Cost Highest Lowest
Distance Nearest Farthest
MTTF* Shortest Longest
MTTR** Shortest Longest
MTTI*** Longest Shortest
Quality (S/N)**** Best Worst
*MTTF = Mean Time To Failure (Longest = good) **MTTR = Mean Time To Recovery (Shortest = good) ***MTTI = Mean Time To Install (Shortest = good) ****S/N = Signal to Noise Ratio
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See you on next class