ITU REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SMS4DC FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES IN AFRICA,

ABUJA, NIGERIA , 20-31-MAY 2013

1

2

Introduction to SP&SMS4DC

Prepared by :Eng.Yasir Mohammed BasharYasir_192@ntc.gov.sd

3

1 •Spectrum Management Definition

2 •Spectrum Management Framework

•Introduction to SMS4DC

3 •Radio regulations

Outlines

4

1 •Spectrum Management Definition

2 •Spectrum Management Framework

•Introduction to SMS4DC

3 •Radio regulations

Outlines

5

Spectrum Management

Is a combination of administrative and technical procedures to ensure the efficient operation of radio communications without causing Interference

Ensures interference-free access to as many users and as many uses as possible often provides an economic return to the governments.

International – governance of spectrum use on a global basis is a core responsibility of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

ITU Radio Regulations, Article 5 - Table of Frequency Allocations establishes a basis for developing a national frequency allocation table.

6

Purpose of Spectrum Management

Spectrum has to be managed to ensure its rational, equitable, efficient and economical use by all radiocommunication services and users, taking into account that:

Interference is caused between radiocommunications systems unless sufficient isolation from each other is provided: in Frequency, Distance or Time domains

Radio spectrum is a finite resource in terms of instant capacity, although it is inexhaustible when used over time.

New applications mean ever growing demand for new spectrum access opportunities. For physical/technical reasons, some parts of the spectrum have greater demand, e.g. VHF/UHF bands due to better propagation conditions

Ensure spectrum use is well coordinated between various users within the same and neighboring countries.

7

Spectrum Management system

8

Spectrum as Economic Resource

Spectrum Land Oil Water

Is the resource varied? YES YES Not very Not very

Is it scarce? YES YES YES YES

Can it be made more productive?

YES YES YES NO

Is it renewable? YES Partially NO YES

Can it be stored for later use?

NO NO YES YES

Can it be exported? NO NO YES YES

Can it be traded? YES YES YES YES www.ictregulati

ontoolkit.o

rg

It is interesting to compare spectrum to other natural recourses such as land, oil, and water.

9

www.ictregulati

ontoolkit.o

rg

Technically, efficient : use of spectrum, at a basic level, implies the fullest possible use of all available spectrum. Two measures of technical efficiency are occupancy and data rate

Band Frequency Range Use Bandwidth InterferenceVLF 3-30 kHz 1000’s km Long range radio-navigation Very narrow Wide Spread

LF 30-300 kHz 1000’s km Same as VLF strategic communications

Very Narrow Wide Spread

MF 2-3000 km Same as VLF strategic communications

.3-3 MHz Wide Spread

HF 3-30 MHz up to 1000 km Global broadcast and Point to Point Wide Wide Spread

VHF 30-300 MHz 2-300 km Broadcast, PCS, , Wan Very Wide Confined

UHF .3-3 GHz < 100 km Broadcast, PCS, , Wan Very wide Confined

SHF 3-30 GHz Varies 30 km to 2000 km

Broadcast, PCS, , Wan, Satellite Communication

Very Wide up to 1 GHz

Confined

EHF 30-300 GHz Varies 20 km to 2000 km

Microcell, Point to Point, ,PCS and Satellite

Very Wide up to 10 GHz

Confined

Economically, efficient: Allocating and assigning spectrum to its most economically valuable use

As a resource, the spectrum has both technical and economicdimensions

10

Spectrum Management Activates

Spectrum managem

ent activates

Spectrum planning

Spectrum authorization/licensingSpectrum engineering

Spectrum monitoring and compliance

11

Spectrum management embodies four main areas of activity

Spectrum planning: provide direction and cohesion in support of policy formulation, and support future steps to achieve optimal spectrum use. Major trends and developments in technology and the needs of both current and future users of the frequency spectrum should be closely monitored and mapped.

Spectrum authorization/licensing: Involves assigning specific frequencies to users, allotting certain frequency bands or sub-bands to specific users under certain specified conditions and in accordance with the national and international table of frequency allocations.

Spectrum engineering: Involves the development of electromagnetic compatibility standards for equipment that emits or is susceptible to radio frequencies.

Spectrum monitoring and compliance: Involves the monitoring of the use of the radio spectrum and the implementation of measures to control unauthorized use

12

1 •Spectrum Management Definition

2 •Spectrum Management Framework

•Introduction to SMS4DC

3 •Radio regulations

Outlines

13

International/Regional framework

National framework

Civil/business Defense/security

Spectrum Management Framework

14

International Framework

The governance of spectrum use on a global basis is a core responsibility

of the International Telecommunication Union ITU and, in particular, its Radio communication SectorITU-R , The mission of the ITU-R sector is, inter alia, to ensure rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio frequency spectrum by all radio communication services, including those using satellite orbits and to carry out studies and adopt recommendations on radio communication matters.

15

The main activates of ITU-R

World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC).

Study groupsThe ITU-R

Radiocommunication Assembly

16

Regional co-ordination on spectrum use

Exchange information and experiences to foster the harmonization of spectrum management rules

Facilitating efficient and flexible use of the spectrum

Coordinating the Use of Technical Standards across Regions

Managing interference by establishment of a common framework

Prepare common positions to be presented to regional, then global instances

17

Bilateral Agreements

Cross-border co-ordination by harmonizing the use of frequency spectrum.

develop means of resolving instances of unexpected harmful interference

18

1 •Spectrum Management Definition

2 •Spectrum Management Framework

•Introduction to SMS4DC

3 •Radio regulations

Outlines

19

Radio Regulations

The first International Radiotelegraph Convention was signed in Berlin in 1906. The annex (12-page ) to this Convention contained the world’s first set of service regulations on the use of radio. 

Today, known as the Radio Regulations (over 2000 pages), the legal and technical provisions of this document have since been expanded and revised by numerous radio conferences in order to keep in step with the ever-expanding use of radio. 

The Radio Regulations have the status of an international treaty and are binding on ITU Member States.

20

What are the RR?

Principal instrument of the international radio regulatory arrangement based on the use of following concepts:

Frequency block allocations intended for use by defined radio services (Table of Frequency Allocations as contained in AR 5)

Generally provides common frequency allocations to mutually compatible services operating with similar technical characteristics in specific parts of the spectrum

Stable planning environment for administrations, for equipment manufacturers and for users

21

Purpose of RR

To ensure interference-free operations of radiocommunication systems;

To provide ITU Member States with: Equitable access to the radio spectrum, and Orbital positions for space stations

Include a Table of Frequency Allocations for the various radio services (inter alia radio broadcasting, television, radio astronomy, navigation aids, point-to-point service, maritime mobile, amateur). 

Include allotment and frequency plans (Appendices) Deal with ways of avoiding harmful interference and contain

various other provisions, such as those relating to the qualifications required for station operators, and the nature and contents of essential documents for international radio service

22

Maintenance of RR

Written and updated by ITU Member States through a procedure of negotiation based on the principles of multilateral cooperation and agreement. 

At the heart of this process are ITU’s World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs), normally take place every three to four years: address issues related to all aspects of radiocommunication services

including the revision of the Radio Regulations.  Regional and national preparatory work done in the period between

conferences contributes to an important harmonization of national positions, and most decisions at WRCs are subsequently taken by consensus.

23

Volumes of the RR

Volume 1: Articles Volume 2: Appendices Volume 3: Resolutions Volume 4:Recommendations incorporated by reference

24

• 5.2:Region and areas: delimitation

5-01

75°

60°

40°30°20°

0°

20°30°40°

60°

75°

60°

40°30°

20°

0°

20°30°40°

60°

170° 140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180°

170°

170°

140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° 170°

ABC

ABC

REGION 1

REGION 2

REGION 3 REGION 3

Article 5: Frequency allocations

25

Allocation to servicesRegion 1 Region 2 Region 3

220-225223-230

BROADCASTING

Fixed

Mobile

AMATEUR

FIXED

MOBILE

Radiolocation 5.241

223-230

FIXED

MOBILE

BROADCASTING225-235

FIXED

MOBILE

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

Radiolocation

5.243 5.246 5.247 5.250230-235

FIXED

MOBILE

230-235

FIXED

MOBILE

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

5.247 5.251 5.252 5.250235-267 FIXED

MOBILE

5.111 5.199 5.252 5.254 5.256 5.256A267-272 FIXED

MOBILE

Space operation (space-to-Earth)

5.254 5.257

220-335.4 MHz

Article 5-Section III: Frequency allocation

26

1 •Spectrum Management Definition

2 •Spectrum Management Framework

•Introduction to SMS4DC

3 •Radio regulations

Outlines

27

SMS4DC is software designed by ITU based on ITU recommendationso 2007: SMS4DC Version 1.0o 2008: SMS4DC Version 2.0 (Addition of Digital TV planning tools

(GE06)) o 2009: SMS4DC Version 3.0 (Addition of Google Earth and monitoring

interface)o 2012: SMS4DC Version 4.0 (link to ESMERALDA monitoring software

of Thales and additional enhancements to the Version 3 of the software) Developed to assist the administrations of developing countries to

undertake their spectrum management responsibilities more effectively; SMS4DC covers terrestrial fixed, mobile, sound and television

broadcasting services in the bands above 30 MHz, including GE-06 as well as frequency coordination of Earth stations

General description of SMS4DC

28

System Configuration

29

BR-IFIC=ITU Frequency Information CircularSRS=Space Radiocommunication Systems data

Core of SMS4DC

Structure of SMS4DC software

30

Username = sms4dcPassword = sms4dc

SMS4DC Initial Login Screens

Select country

31

In SMS4DC each user is granted permission to access only those featuresrelevant to his/her tasks and responsibilities. The following access levels havebeen implemented in the SMS4DC software: Data entry (Licensing and Billing): Privileged to read/write licensing

and billing data, Engineers: Privileged to read/write technical data, No read access to

administrative data, Senior operator: Privileged to read/write all data, as well as to manage

user IDs and passwords, audit trail and to configure and enjoy anyfeatures of software,

Supervisor: The same as senior operator, Licensing: The same as data entry, Read-only: Privileged to use software without permission to edit or add

any data,

Security Mechanisms in SMS4DC

32

Administrative Functions Graphical User Interface Functions (including Map

Displays) Engineering Analysis Functions

Functions of SMS4DC

33

Comprehensive database (MS Access) of user/license details, with data fields in accordance with ITU recommendations;

Provides complete process from: frequency application, frequency assignment, licensing, ITU plans and Bilateral frequency coordination procedures;

Imports coordination data from ITU BRIFIC & SRS CD-ROM database;

Producing electronic notices, print license, invoice & spectrum fee Security features: The designated system administrator can define an

individual account for each SMS4DC user up to 6 levels of access to the different processes (e.g. licensing, assignment etc). Each user account is named and password protected.

Administrative Functions

34

User friendly interface with text menus and icon-tool bars; Display view (1): International Digital World Map (IDWM) Display view (2): Digital Elevation Map (DEM) (2-D and 3-D) Data entry/Assigning of new stations on DEM by mouse point-

and-click Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching

and displaying stations on DEM

Graphical User Interface

35

The IDWM is used to draw political boundaries of countries on the desktop of SMS4DC

Display view (1): International Digital World Map (IDWM)

36

IDWM Status Bar: Country/Region and Coastal Zones

37

DEM is the Global Land One- kilometer Base Elevation model (GLOBE).

Display view (2): Digital Elevation Map (DEM) (2-D and 3-D)

38

3D map display

39

DEM menu

40

DEM menu

41

DEM menu

42

DEM menu

43

Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching and displaying stations on DEM(1)

44

Export of maps, overlays and vectors to Google Earth Searching and displaying stations on DEM(1)

45

New station parameters

46

EXCERSISE 1

47

ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR

48

ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR

Edit E-plane or H-plane by using the value entry box (in Vector format degrees/attenuation) OR Graphically by mouse click on wanted points on the E-Plane or H-Plane display

49

ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR LOAD AND SAVE

Existing patterns can be loaded from the SMS4DC/Antenna FolderNew patterns can be saved to theSMS4DC/Antenna FolderAntenna files have a *.ant extension

50

ANTENNA PATTERN EDITOR 3D DISPLAY

Display antenna pattern in colour 3D view. Pattern can be turned and viewed fromdifferent angles. Click and hold on display then drag to desired angle.

51

EXCERSISE 2

52

Enhanced analysis tools to assist a spectrum engineer in frequency assignment, national and international frequency coordination and interference calculation for the Land Mobile, Fixed and Broadcast services and satellite Earth Station coordination;

Calculation of coverage area, field strength, field strength contour, network coverage and best server calculations.

Coverage area: Item to calculate area in km2 Where inside the area, the field strength value is higher than athreshold value.

Engineering Analysis Functions

53

Maximum Field Strength:Item to calculate and visualize the maximum values produced by more than one transmitting stations at any point inside a predefined rectangular area.

54

• Best server: Item to calculate and visualize the best serving station at each point among various stations inside a predefined rectangular area.

55

Field strength contour: The contour is the border line which surrounds an area within which the field strength of specific TX station will be above threshold value

56

For fixed service (point-to-point radio links): link budget calculations, link availability, path profiles, Fresnel zone clearance.

57

Calculations menu consists of the Following items Distance (km): Calculation of great circle distance of a path along a

line (profile) or polyline in km. Area (km2): Calculation of area bounded inside a simple polygon. Azimuth (Deg.): Calculation of azimuth angle of first point in

respect to the second point in degrees.

General calculations

58

Horizon Distance: This item provides a multi-entry calculator to calculate the horizon distance of antennas of a path as well as their aerial distance on smooth curved earth.

Elevation (Deg): Calculation of elevation angle of path from horizon distance to the line of sight

59

Effective Height: Is defined as its height over the average level of the ground between distances of 3 and 15 km from the transmitter in the direction of the receiver.

60

Effective height calculation in SMS4DC

61

Intermodulation: The mixing of transmitter frequencies at a cellular or other wireless site produces intermodulation interference. System nonlinearities in amplifiers, antennas,…etc these frequencies mix to produce other intermod frequencies that may interfere with receivers at the co-location site. In SMS4DC intermodulation Item calculate intermodulation products of up to three independent signals which are suspect to be received by victim receiver as interference

62

63

Fresnel Zone:• Measure for multipath effect• Mostly used for Aperture antenna• Number of zone each one represents • degree of out phase reflect signal from the

LOS signal• First Fresnel Zone includes 90% of radiation

pattern (LOS component).

64

65

EXCERSISE 3

66

THANK YOU

QUESTIONS

67

www.icttoolkits.com

ITU workshops

SMS4DC manual

references