Introduction to Histology

•  Four basic tissue types: Epithelial connective muscle nervous

•  All animals are composed of ONLY these four tissue types

•  Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body

Examples: Epithelial

p. 158 F draw above

Examples: Epithelial

p. 157 A

Examples: Epithelial

•  Stratified squamous: lines the mouth, esophagus, cervix and skin

•  Several layers offers protection to outer layers and membranes of body.

p. 157 B

Examples: Epithelial

•  Simple columnar: digestive tracts

•  Cells mixed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to aid in digestion

p. 158 D

Example Location Shape (form) Function

Transitional epithelium

Bladder Layer with no specific shape, Cells can stretch

Allow bladder to stretch as it fills

Simple squamous

Lungs, blood vessels

Flat and thin layer Increase flow and absorption rate through tubes

Stratified squamous

Skin, esophagus, mouth cervix

Several layers of thin flat cells

Provide protection from abrasions

Simple columnar

Digestive tract One cell layer of rectangular cells mixed with goblet (mucous –producing) cells

Aid in digestion with mucous production

Connective

Examples: Connective

•  CT proper: •  Collagen fibers

(vitamin C) –  Loose: ECM –  Dense: tendons and

ligaments

p. 159 A

Examples: Connective

p. 161 E

Examples: Connective

•  Blood –  To circulate

materials throughout the organism

–  RBC’s: contain hemoglobin to allow for oxygen to be carried to the tissues.

p. 160 C

•  Cartilage: vary in # of fibers and blood supply –  Hyaline: ribs,

trachea, joints –  Elastic: ears, larynx –  Fibro: spinal chord

p. 160 D

Examples: Connective

•  Adipose tissue:

–  Insulation

–  Energy Storage

p. 159 A

•  Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells

•  Muscles attached to bones for voluntary movement

p. 161 A

Muscle tissue

•  Smooth: –  Non-striated,

spindle-shaped, uni-nucleate involuntary cells

•  Muscles found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, etc.

p. 161 B

Muscle tissue

•  Cardiac:involuntary, striated, branched, uni-nucleate cells

•  Only found in the heart

p. 161 D

p. 161 IV

Life Processes

•  Respiration •  Circulation •  Responsiveness •  Boundary

Maintenance •  Movement •  Adaptation

•  Digestion •  Absorption •  Assimilation •  Excretion •  Reproduction

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•  Blocked coronary artery

•  Alveoli of lungs with pneumonia

•  Emphysema in alveoli of lungs

•  Sickle cell anemia

•  Parkinson’s disease

•  Cervical Human papillomavirus

•  Esophageal Cancer

•  Normal Bone *Diseased

•  Osteoporosis

•  Infected mammary gland from silicone leak

»  Stomach ulcer

•  Cardiac tissue after cocaine use

•  Cardiac tissue following myocardial infarction